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Xen Architecture Xen: paravirtualization
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Xen Xen
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Xen
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VMware: full virtualization
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VMware: full virtualization VMware: full virtualization
VMware: full virtualization VMware: full virtualization
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VMware: full virtualization
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Server virtualization
Server virtualization Server virtualization
Infrastructure virtualization Infrastructure virtualization
and cloud computing solutions and cloud computing solutions
• •
Infrastructure virtualization Infrastructure virtualization
and cloud computing solutions and cloud computing solutions
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Infrastructure virtualization
Microsoft Hyper-V
and cloud computing solutions
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Microsoft Hyper-V Microsoft Hyper-V
Microsoft Hyper-V Microsoft Hyper-V
Microsoft Hyper-V Microsoft Hyper-V
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Microsoft Hyper-V Microsoft Hyper-V
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Microsoft Hyper-V Microsoft Hyper-V
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Microsoft Hyper-V
(P2V)
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• Cloud Storage Device
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Cloud Storage Device Cloud Storage Device
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Cloud Storage Device
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Cloud Storage Device…
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Small Computer System
Interface
• Common Internet File System
Network File System
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Cloud
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Storage Device… Cloud Storage Device…
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Cloud Storage Device… Cloud Storage Device…
Representational State Transfer (REST) •
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Cloud Storage Device… Cloud Storage Device…
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Cloud Storage Device… Cloud Storage Device…
• •
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Cloud Storage Device… Cloud Storage Device…
(3) Consumer uses the cloud
storage device UI to interact (1) create a cloud storage
directly with the data objects. device and define access
control policies
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(2)The usage and administration portal interact with the cloud storage software to create
the cloud storage device instance and apply access policy to its data objects
The cloud consumer uses the
usage and administration portal to
The cloud consumer remotely logs
create and assign a cloud storage
into the virtual server directly (3a)
to access the cloud storage device device to an existing virtual server
(3b).
The usage and
software
VIM software creates
and configures the
appropriate LUN
Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
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Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
Monitoring Agent Monitoring Agent
a request message to
a cloud service
the message to
collect relevant usage data
Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
Monitoring Agent Resource Agent
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Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
Resource Agent Resource Agent
Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
Resource Agent Polling Agent
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Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
Polling Agent Polling Agent
A polling agent monitors the status of a
cloud
Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
Polling Agent
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Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
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Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
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Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
Cloud Usage Monitor Cloud Usage Monitor
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Resource Replication
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Resource Replication Resource Replication
Resource Replication
A high-availability virtual server is running in Data Center A. VIM instances
Resource Replication
in Data Centers A and B are executing a coordination function that allows
detection of failure conditions. Stored VM images are replicated between data
centers as a result of the high-availability architecture.
The virtual server becomes unavailable in Data Center A. The VIM in Data
Center B detects the failure condition and starts to reallocate the
highavailability server from Data Center A to Data Center B.
Resource Replication
A new instance of the virtual server is created and made available
in Data Center B.
Ready-Made Environment
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Ready-Made Environment Ready-Made Environment
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Ready-Made Environment Ready-Made Environment
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the development and deployment environment
Ready-Made Environment of Part Number Catalog application.
Ready-Made Environment
The developer uses the provided SDK to
develop the Part Number Catalog Web
• application
– The application is made available
for usage and one end-user
accesses its front-end instance
Ready-Made Environment
•
The software
•
running in the
front-end instance
provides persistent storage
of the application data •
at the
back-end instance •
that corresponds to
the •
end-
user (4)
Ready-Made Environment
Ready-Made Environment
Ready-Made Environment
Ready-Made Environment
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Load Balancer
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Load Balancer Load Balancer
Load Balancer
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sends
polling request messages (MREQN+1 to
The SLA monitor polls the cloud service by sending
over polling request messages (MREQ1 to MREQN). MREQN+M). Polling response messages are
The monitor receives polling response messages not received (2a).
(MREP1 to MREPN) that report that the service was
“up” at each polling cycle (1a). the
The SLA monitor stores the “up” time—time period SLA monitor stores the “down” time—time
of all polling cycles 1 to N—in the log database (1b).
period of all polling cycles N+1 to N+M—in
the
The SLA monitor sends a polling request
message (MREQN+M+1) and receives the
The SLA monitor stores the “up” time
in
SLA Monitor
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SLA Monitor SLA Monitor
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the steps taken by SLA monitors during a data center network failure and recovery.
SLA Monitor the steps taken by SLA monitors during a data center network failure and recovery.
SLA Monitor
At timestamp = t1, a
firewall cluster has
failed and all of the IT
resources in the data The SLA monitor polling
center become agent stops receiving
unavailable (1). responses from physical
servers and starts to issue
PS_timeout events (2).
The SLA monitor polling
agent starts issuing
PS_unreachable events
after three successive
PS_timeout events.
The timestamp is now t2
(3).
the steps taken by SLA monitors during a data center network failure and recovery.
SLA Monitor the steps taken by SLA monitors during a data center network failure and recovery.
SLA Monitor
the steps taken by SLA monitors during a data center network failure and recovery.
SLA Monitor the steps taken by SLA monitors during a data center network failure and recovery. SLA Monitor
At timestamp = t1, the physical host server has failed and becomes unavailable (1).
The SLA monitor polling The SLA monitoring agent captures
agent stops receiving a VM_unreachable event that is
responses from the host generated for each virtual server in
server and issues the failed host server (2a)
PS_timeout events (2b).
The host server becomes operational at timestamp = t4 (4).
At timestamp = t2, the SLA At timestamp = t6, the SLA
The SLA monitor polling agent
The SLA monitor monitoring agent captures a monitoring agent captures a
receives responses from the
polling agent starts to VM_failure event that is VM_reachable event that is
physical server and issues
issue PS_unreachable generated for each of the generated for each virtual server
PS_reachable events at
events after three failed host server’s three (5b).
timestamp = t5 (5a).
successive PS_timeout
• VM_Unreachable – thevirtual
VIM cannot reach
servers the VM
(3a).
• VM Failure
events at timestamp = – the VM has failed and is unavailable
• VM_Reachable – the VM is reachable
t3 (3b).
t5
SLA Monitor
5b
Case Study Example …
The SLA management system calculates the unavailability •
period that affected all of the virtual servers as t6 – t2.
•
PS_Reachable – the previously unavailable physical server
becomes responsive to polling again •
VM_Reachable – the VM is reachable
SLA Monitor
Case Study Example …
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Pay-Per-Use Monitor
new instance of a cloud service (1). The pay-per use monitor stores the
Resource Agent: Collects usage data on resources, Event-driven
value
program, Activated each time resource software is initiated ,
timestamp in the log database (3).
suspended, resumed, and scaled.
The IT resource is instantiated and
the pay-per- use monitor receives a
The payper-use monitor receives
“start” event notification from the
a “stop” event notification from
resource software (2). The cloud consumer later requests
the resource software (5)
that the
cloud service instance be stopped
(4).
A cloud consumer requests the creation of a
Pay-Per-Use Monitor
The pay-peruse monitor stores the value timestamp
in the log database (6). •
A pay-per-use monitor designed as a monitoring agent Pay-Per-Use Monitor A pay-per-use monitor designed as a monitoring agent Pay-Per-Use Monitor
Monitoring Agent Monitoring Agent
Intermediary, event-driven program; Existing on communication paths; Transparently monitors Intermediary, event-driven program; Existing on communication paths; Transparently monitors
and analyzes dataflows; Measures network traffic and message metrics. and analyzes dataflows; Measures network traffic and message metrics.
A pay-per-use monitor designed as a monitoring agent Pay-Per-Use Monitor A pay-per-use monitor designed as a monitoring agent Pay-Per-Use Monitor
Monitoring Agent Monitoring Agent
Intermediary, event-driven program; Existing on communication paths; Transparently monitors Intermediary, event-driven program; Existing on communication paths; Transparently monitors
and analyzes dataflows; Measures network traffic and message metrics. and analyzes dataflows; Measures network traffic and message metrics.
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Pay-Per-Use Monitor
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The steps that are taken by pay-per-use The steps that are taken by pay-per-use
monitor during a typical usage event. monitor during a typical usage event.
The steps that are taken by pay-per-use The steps that are taken by pay-per-use
monitor during a typical usage event. monitor during a typical usage event.
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The steps that are taken by pay-per-use
monitor during a typical usage event.
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Audit Monitor
Audit Monitor
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Audit Monitor Audit Monitor
• Case Study Example …
•
Audit Monitor Audit Monitor
Case Study Example … Case Study Example …
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Active-Active
Active-Active
Active-Active
Active-Passive
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Active-Passive
Active-Passive
Failover System …
Failover System …
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Hypervisor
Hypervisor Hypervisor
A virtual server capable of auto-scaling
experiences an increase in its workload
(1).
The VIM decides that the virtual server
cannot scale up because its underlying
physical server host is being used by
other virtual servers (2).
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Hypervisor
Resource Cluster Resource Cluster
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Resource Cluster
Resource Cluster
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Resource Cluster
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All of the virtual servers that are hosted on a physical server
experiencing failure are automatically migrated to other physical
servers.
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Multi-Device Broker … Multi-Device Broker …
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State Management Database
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State Management Database State Management Database
During the lifespan of a cloud service instance it may be required to
remain stateful and keep state data cached in memory, even when
idle.
Case
Study Example
The cloud consumer accesses the ready-made environment and requires three virtual
servers to perform all activities (1).
The cloud consumer pauses activity. All of the state data needs to be preserved for
future access to the ready-made environment (2).
The underlying infrastructure is automatically scaled in by reducing the number of
virtual servers.
State data is saved in the state management database and one virtual server remains
active to allow for future logins by the cloud consumer (3).
Case Study Example …
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The remote administration system abstracts underlying management systems to
expose and centralize administration controls to external cloud resource
administrators.
The system provides a customizable user console, while programmatically
interfacing with underlying management systems via their APIs.
Remote Administration System … Remote Administration System …
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Remote Administration System … Remote Administration System …
new
Remote Administration System … Remote Administration System …
a scenario involving a remote administration system and both
usage and administration and self-service portals
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Remote Administration System … Remote Administration System …
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onpremise IT
resources.
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Resource Management System Resource Management System
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Resource Management System Resource Management System
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Resource Management System Resource Management System
Resource Management System Resource Management System
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(1).
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Resource Management System Resource Management System
physical servers
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SLA Management System SLA Management System
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SLA Management System
SLA Management System SLA Management System
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Billing Management System Billing Management System
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Billing Management System
Billing Management System
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Billing Management System Billing Management System
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Billing Management System
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