Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

11/12

LESSON TITLE:

Culture and Society

Quarter: 1 MELC No.: 2

MELC:
Analyze the concept, aspects and changes in/of culture and
society.

Name of Teacher - Writer: MERVIN P. ANCHETA

School: San Esteban National High School

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This Self-Learning Kit is a tool which helps you my dear student to be continuously
updated, learn new competencies amidst the pandemic. It focuses on the different concepts,
aspects and changes of culture and society.
Read carefully the lesson. As you go along in this self-learning kit, you will encounter
activities designed to help you assess your understanding of the topic. Try to do
independently the activities given. Write your answers in your notebook. This will tell you if you
really understood the explanation. In case you find it difficult in answering the tests, I suggest
that you read the topic covered once more. You can also remedy the situations by asking your
teacher or call a friend.

Analyze the concept, aspects and changes in/of culture and

society.

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. Analyze the concept, aspects and changes in/of culture and
society.
2. Appreciate the aspects and changes of culture and society.
3. Enumerate some changes in/of culture and society.

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 Hi, I am your teacher in Understanding Culture and Society and
Politics. As you go along in this kit, try to accomplish first the
activity 1. Follow the direction as stated.
Good luck!

Activity 1:

Directions:
1. In your notebook, copy figure 1.
2. Write your name inside the circle
3. Write some information about you in the four spaces.

Figure 1

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Processing Questions:

1. What are some similarities and differences of every individual?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Do these similarities and differences affect the life of the whole community? How?
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Based from the previous activities, you have seen that

every individual has similarities and differences that affect one’s
life and become member in a certain community.
Before going further, try to read first what culture and
society means, its elements and aspects.

Culture and Society Defined

Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics
common to the members of a particular group or society. Through culture, people and
groups define themselves, conform to society's shared values, and contribute to
society. Thus, culture includes many societal aspects: language, customs, values,
norms, mores, rules, tools, technologies, products, organizations, and institutions.
This latter term institution refers to clusters of rules and cultural meanings
associated with specific social activities. Common institutions are the family,
education, religion, work, and health care.

Popularly speaking, being cultured means being well‐educated,

knowledgeable of the arts, stylish, and well‐mannered. High culture—generally
pursued by the upper class—refers to classical music, theater, fine arts, and other
sophisticated pursuits. Members of the upper class can pursue high art because they
have cultural capital, which means the professional credentials, education,
knowledge, and verbal and social skills necessary to attain the “property, power, and
prestige” to “get ahead” socially. Low culture, or popular culture—generally
pursued by the working and middle classes—refers to sports, movies, television
sitcoms and soaps, and rock music. Remember that sociologists
define culture differently than they do cultured, high culture, low culture, and popular
culture.
Society as a Concept
As a concept, society represents an ideal type, which more or less
depicts the form, process, and dynamics of the social reality it
embodies.

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 • Culture as a Concept
According to E.B. Taylor “is that complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and other capabilities and
habits acquired by man as a member of society.
Sociologists define society as the people who interact in such a way as to
share a common culture. The cultural bond may be ethnic or racial, based on
gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities. The term society can also
have a geographic meaning and refer to people who share a common culture in a
particular location. For example, people living in arctic climates developed different
cultures from those living in desert cultures. In time, a large variety of human cultures
arose around the world.

Culture and society are intricately related. A culture consists of the “objects” of
a society, whereas a society consists of the people who share a common culture.
When the terms culture and society first acquired their current meanings, most people
in the world worked and lived in small groups in the same locale. In today's world of 6
billion people, these terms have lost some of their usefulness because increasing
numbers of people interact and share resources globally. Still, people tend to
use culture and society in a more traditional sense.
Elements of Culture
To understand culture, it is necessary to understand the different elements that
compose it:
Knowledge – It refers to any information received and perceived to be true.
Beliefs— The perception of accepted reality. Reality refers to the existence of things
whether material or nonmaterial
Social Norms-- These are established expectations of society as to how a person is
supposed to act depending on the requirements of the time, place, or situation.

Aspects of Culture
The notion of culture presents a complex portrait of humanity. Anthropology regards
culture as learned, symbolic, integrated, shared and all encompassing (Tylor,
1871).
• It is learned because culture is acquired by being born into a particular society in
the process of enculturation, as anthropologists would say, or socialization. As
sociologists would explain. Through language, the cultural traits of society are
passed on to younger members in the process of growing up and through
teaching.
• Culture is symbolic in the sense that it renders meanings to what people do.
Beliefs, religion, rituals, myths, dances, performances, music, artworks, sense of
taste, education, innovations, identity, ethnicity, and so on, are meaningful human
expressions of what people do and how they act.
• The systems of meanings and many other facets of culture such as kindred,
religion, economic activities, inheritance and political process, do not function in
isolation but as an integrated whole that makes the society work.
• Since culture is shared within exclusive domains of social relations, societies
operate differently from each other leading to cultural variations. Even as culture
is bounded, it does not mean that there are no variations.
• Around the world, people as member of their ow societies establish connections
with each other and form relationship guided by their respective cultural practices
and values. These complex relations underscore
5 the all-encompassing nature of
culture as it covers every feature of humanity.
 • Social Change
Refers to an alteration in the social
order of a society. Social change may
include changes in nature, social
institutions, social behaviors, or social
relations.
[Link]
the-philippines/

Social change in Philippine Society

Philippine society is in a flux change. A
major consequence of change in the
Philippines which is also taking place in the
other parts of the contemporary world is
modernization. This implies a change from
the traditional way of life to a more complex,
technologically advance, rapid changing life
style.
The various elements of socio-cultural
change are industrialization, urbanization,
technology, population, education,
bureaucracy, medicine, public health,
and recreation.
[Link]

• Cultural Change
The terms that deals with the
evolution of cultural components.
Modification of a society through
innovation, invention, discovery or
contact with other invention,
discovery, or contact with or other
[Link]
societies. culture/2014/12/08/1399719/understanding-culture-and-culture-change

Sources of Change Some of Socio-Cultural Changes

in the Philippines
• Innovation – social creation and
institutionalization of new ideas • Changes in politics
• Diffusion – spread of innovation from one • Changes in job opportunities
social group to another • Changes in the pattern of
• Assimilation – process where some of the infrastructure
“majority community’s cultural aspects are • Changes in the social get
dissolved in such manner that the home together
cultural manner gets integrated or lost. • Changes in health awareness
• Social Contradictions and Tensions – • Changes in eating habits
inter-ethnic conflicts, struggles, protests, • Changes in technology
social
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 1986: The People Power revolt was powered
by good old phone brigades, door-to-door
campaigns and word of mouth.
2001: Text messages sent thousands to Edsa
to support the call for the ouster of former
President Joseph Estrada.
2013: Text, e-mail, Twitter, Facebook, and
blogging changed the face of movements and
[Link] upheavals -- think Arab Spring, the London
the-same
Riots and Occupy Wall Street. Not surprisingly,
1980s: Aside from the Light Railway the Philippines is now Facebook's top market
Transit that became operational in in the world --evolving from the text messaging
1984, underpass is the rule-of- capital to social media capital of the world.
thumb in metro infrastructure,
leaving the blue skies of Manila
largely unobstructed.
2013: Now it’s a crazy network of
flyovers, railways and pedestrian
walks everywhere, with less skyline
to admire during bumper-to-bumper
traffic.
l of the world.
[Link]

1980s:
Text – written or printed words
Kuliglig – Cicada, a night insect
Call Center – A place for long-distance calls
2013:
Text – Message via Short Messaging System
Kuliglig – Motorized pedicab or tuktuk
Call Center – An outsourced company that handles costumer calls
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 Example/s

[Link]

[Link]

Bahay-kubo [Link]

Modern House in Vigan

Pandiling and Kallugong Modern-Inabel

[Link]
[Link] [Link]
watch?v=o04Wxdp8R6g
[Link] [Link] m/2013/08/a-glimpse-of-
m/2013/08/a-glimpse-of- [Link]
[Link]

And now it’s your turn to search and draw a vehicle used as
public transportation during the 19th, 20th, and 21st century.
[Link]
[Link]/2013/08/a-
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] m/2013/08/a-glimpse-of-
m/2013/08/a-glimpse-of- [Link]
[Link]
, you are asked to draw different modes of transportation in the
Activity 3
Philippines from 19th century to the present and to take note of
Directions: Draw a picture of public transportation in Philippine society across different
the changes made in our culture and society.
th
19 Century 20th Century 21st Century

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Activity 4:

Directions: Using the Venn Diagram, compare the three communities. Urban Community,
Rural Community and Indigenous People Community.

Rural

IP

Urban

✓ Culture is a people’s way of life. The first thing that one has to
acknowledge in defining culture is that culture is ordinary. This
means that all societies have a definite way of life, a common
way of doing and understanding things.
✓ Culture is what differentiates one group of society from the next;
different societies have different cultures.
✓ Culture and society are intricately related. A culture consists of
the “objects” of a society, whereas a society consists of the
people who share a common culture. When the terms culture
and society first acquired their current meanings, most people in
the world worked and lived in small groups in the same locale.

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 As a Senior High School student, what do you think
are the necessary steps that you need to do in orde
to start or create change if you want to see change i
your community

Activity 5: Poster Making

Directions: Make an illustrative interpretation of the theme “Society and Culture as complex
whole.”

“Society and Culture as complex whole.”

Please use this as your basis in doing your poster making.

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1

Graphics are all in Most graphics are in

Most graphics are in
focus and the focus and the
focus and the content content is easily
Graphics – content easily Many graphics are not
easily viewed and viewed and
Clarity viewed and
identified from
clear or are too small.
identified from 6 ft.
identified from 6 ft.
away.
away. 4 ft. away.

Several of the One or two of the The graphics are

graphics used on the graphics used on the made by the
poster reflect a poster reflect student student, but are
Graphics - No graphics made by the
exceptional degree creativity in their based on the
Originality student are included.
of student creativity creation and/or designs or ideas of
in their creation display. others.
and/or display.

All graphics are All graphics are All graphics relate to Graphics do not relate to
related to the topic related to the topic the topic. Most the topic OR several
and make it easier to and most make it borrowed graphics borrowed graphics do not
Graphics -
understand. All easier to understand. have a source have a source citation.
Relevance
borrowed graphics All borrowed graphics citation.
have a source have a source
citation. citation.

The poster includes All but 1 of the

All required elements
Required all required elements required elements Several required
are included on the
Elements as well as additional are included on the elements were missing.
poster.
information. poster.

At least 7 accurate 5-6 accurate facts are 3-4 accurate facts Less than 3 accurate
Content -
facts are displayed displayed on the are displayed on the facts are displayed on
Accuracy
on the poster. poster. poster. the poster.

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 The poster is The poster is The poster is
The poster is
exceptionally acceptably attractive distractingly messy or
attractive in terms of very poorly designed.
Attractiveness attractive in terms of though it may be a
design, layout and
design, layout, and bit messy. It is not attractive.
neatness.
neatness.

Title can be read from Title can be read The title is too small
Title can be read
6 ft. away and from 4 ft. away and and/or does not describe
Title from 6 ft. away and
describes content describes the the content of the poster
is quite creative.
well. content well. well.

Directions: TRUE or FALSE. Study the sentences carefully and write TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.
____________1. Through culture, people and groups define themselves, conform to
society's shared values, and contribute to society
____________2. Popularly speaking, being cultured means being well‐educated,
knowledgeable of the arts, stylish, and well‐mannered.

____________3. Sociologists define culture differently than they do cultured, high

culture, low culture, and popular culture.

____________4. People living in arctic climates developed similar cultures from

those living in desert cultures.

____________5. Culture and society are intricately related

Directions: Multiple Choice. Read the following and write the letter of your choice in your
answer sheet.
1. Refers to clusters of rules and cultural meanings associated with specific social
activities.
[Link]
B. Society
[Link]
[Link]
2. Consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to
the members of a particular group or society
A. Culture
B. Society
C. institution
D. capital
3. Sociologists define ________ as the people who interact in such a way as to
share a common culture
[Link]
B. Society
C. institution
D. capital
4. The ________ may be ethnic or racial, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values,
and activities
A. cultural bond
B. high culture

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 C. popular culture
D. cultural capital
5. Culture that generally pursued by the working and middle classes.
A. cultural bond
B. high culture
C. popular culture
D. cultural capital
6. Culture that generally pursued by the upper class.
A. cultural bond
B. high culture
C. popular culture
D. cultural capital
7. Members of the upper class can pursue high art because they have _________,
which means the professional credentials, education, knowledge, and verbal and
social skills necessary to attain the “property, power, and prestige” to “get ahead”
socially.
A. cultural bond
B. high culture
C. popular culture
D. cultural capital
8. The term ________ can also have a geographic meaning and refer to people who
share a common culture in a particular location.
A. Culture
B. Society
C. institution
D. capital
9. Being well educated means _______.
[Link]
B. society
C. capital
D. cultural bond
10. Common __________ are the family, education, religion, work, and health care.
[Link]
B. Society
C. institution
D. capital

C. Essay. Explain the following:

1. Culture and society are intricately related.

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

2. What is the difference between knowledge, belief and social norms.

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

3. What are the changes of culture, society and politics in the Philippines.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

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Culture in the Philippines
[Link]

Culture and Society

[Link]

Culture and Society Defined

[Link]
society-defined

Development Team of Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

Reader
First Edition 2016

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RUBRIC: Poster Making

CATEGORY 5 3 2 1

Graphics - All graphics are All graphics are All graphics relate to Graphics do not
related to the topic related to the topic the topic. Most relate to the topic
Relevance
and make it easier to and most make it borrowed graphics OR several
understand. All easier to have a source borrowed graphics
borrowed graphics understand. All citation. do not have a source
have a source borrowed graphics citation.
citation. have a source
citation.

Graphics - Several of the One or two of the The graphics are No graphics made
graphics used on the graphics used on the made by the student, by the student are
Originality
poster reflect a poster reflect student but are based on the included.
exceptional degree creativity in their designs or ideas of
of student creativity creation and/or others.
in their creation display.
and/or display.

Required The poster includes All required All but 1 of the Several required
all required elements elements are required elements elements were
Elements
as well as additional included on the are included on the missing.
information. poster. poster.

Attractiveness The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is

exceptionally attractive in terms of acceptably attractive distractingly messy
attractive in terms of design, layout and though it may be a or very poorly
design, layout, and neatness. bit messy. designed. It is not
neatness. attractive.

Grammar There are no There is 1 There are 2 There are more than
grammatical grammatical mistake grammatical 2 grammatical
mistakes on the on the poster. mistakes on the mistakes on the
poster. poster. poster.

Use of Class Used time well Used time well Used some of the Did not use class
during each class during each class time well during time to focus on the
Time
period. Focused on period. Usually each class period. project OR often
getting the project focused on getting There was some distracted others.
done. Never the project done and focus on getting the
distracted others. never distracted project done but
others. occasionally
distracted others.

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