Medical Technology Laws & Bioethics

Our Lady of Fatima University – Pampanga

College of Medical Laboratory Science

PRELIMS
○ with definite period (6 months)
○ with certificate of completion
Lesson 1: History of Medical Technology in
○ Dr. Tirso Briones help to conduct
the Philippines
the formal training
Medical Technology
➢ Application of organized knowledge and Manila Sanitarium and Hospital (Manila Adventist
skills in the form of devices, medicines, Medical Center) and Philippine Union College
vaccines, procedures and systems (Adventist University of the Philippines)
developed to solve a health problem and ➢ First to offer Medical Technology Course
improve quality of lives. – WHO ➢ Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hendrick
○ first to make a syllabus / created a
Medical Technology in the Philippines curriculum
➔ First introduced by the 26th Medical ○ missionary
Laboratory of the 6th US army ➢ Dr. Elvin Hendrick
➔ First Laboratory was first established at ○ husband of Mrs. Willia Hendrick
208 Quiricada St. Sta. Cruz Manila ○ practitioner at Manila Sanitarium
➔ as of today it is known as “Manila Social and Hospital
Hygiene Clinic” ➢ Antoinette McKelvey
➔ US army trained highschool graduates in ○ fresh grad and trained under Dr.
February 1944 Papanikolau
➔ National Department of Health (DOH) ○ made a syllabus on micro-para and
histopathology
Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda
➢ B.S Medical Technology was approved by
● Well known Bacteriologist, thought that the
the Bureau of Education in 1954
residents of Manila could be better served
➢ Manila Sanitarium and Hospital - PASAY
by laboratory methods
➢ Philippine Union College - CALOOCAN to
● initiate to reopen the first medical
SILANG, CAVITE
laboratory
Jesse Umali
Dr. Mariano C. Icasiano
● First graduate of B.S Medical Technology
● First city health officer of Manila
in March 1955 (PUC)
● June 1945- October - the laboratory was
● Medical studies at FEU
closed (the army left) and it was left on to
● OB-Gyne Practitioner
National Department Of Health
● Owner of Omega Laboratories at Vito
October 1, 1945 Cruz
● It was opened again by Dr. Alfredo Pio de
Roda and Dr. Mariano C. Icasiano
➔ Mr. Avelino Oliva ; Ms. Adoracion Yutuc -
● Under the leadership of Dr. Pio de Roda
graduated in summer 1955
together with Dr. Prudencia Sta Ana
1957
Trainings of Medical Technicians
➢ UST offered an elective to pharmacy
➢ Started in February 1947 (informal
graduates leading to Medical Technology
training)
course
○ no definite period
➢ On June 30, 1960: the first third year
○ no certificate of completion
Medical Technology course was officially
➢ Under:
approved by the Bureau of Education
○ Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda
➢ On June 12, 1961 the fourth year
○ Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana
internship program was approved.
➢ Trainees were mostly highschool and
➢ Faculty of Pharmacy:
paramedical graduates
○ Dr. Antonio Gabriel
➢ In 1954, was the formation of formal
○ Dr. Gustavo U. Reyes
training for Medical Technicians

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 1961 qualified members of American
➢ FEU started its school of Medical Society of Clinical Pathologist
Technology (AUSCPI), that causes confusion
➢ First Graduates were in 1963 and discrimination
➢ Dr. Horacio Ylagan ➢ Dr. Generoso Basa
➢ Dr. Serafin Juliano ○ mediator between Almario and
Jose and decided that PAMET will
Schools offering Post Graduate Studies in
be the only organization
Medical Technology in Metro Manila
● UP - Masters in Public Health September 20, 1964
● UST - Masters in Medical Technology - ➢ First national convention was held at the
1975 conference hall of the FEU Hospital at
● PWU - Philippine Women’s University - Nicanor Reyes St. Manila (morayta)
Masters in Medical Technology - 1987 ➢ First election of officers

PAMET PAMET Presidents

1. Charlemagne T. Tamondong
● 1964-1967
● Emergence of the Profession
2. Nardito D. Moraleta
● 1967-1970
● Professional Recognition
3. Felix E. Asprer
● 1970-1971 ; 1973-1977
● Legislative Agenda
➔ Philippine Association of Medical ● worked in the approval of RA 5527
Technologists, Incorporated (1964) 4. Bernardo T. Tabaosares
➔ It is the national organization of all ● 1971-1973
registered Medical Technologists in the ● Celebration of the Profession
Philippines ● Declared the 3rd week of
➔ Circle - continuous involvement in September as the Medtech week
practice and education 5. Angelina R. Jose
➔ Triangle - trilogy of love, respect and ● January 1973- September 1973
integrity ● Career Advocacy
➔ Microscope & Snake - science of 6. Venerable C.V. Oca
medtech ● 1977-1981
➔ Green - color of health ● Educational Enhancement
➔ 1964 - 1st PAMET election 7. Carmencita P. Acedera
● 1982-1991
Mr. Crisanto Gomez Almario
● Image Building
● Father of PAMET
8. Marilyn R. Atienza
● Pharmacy graduate of Manila College of
● 1992-1996
Pharmacy (Manila Central University -
● Proactivism
Caloocan)
9. Norma Nuñez Chang
● Worked as a Laboratory Technician at San
● 1997-2000
Lazaro Hospital
● International Leadership
September 15, 1963 10. Agnes B. Medenilla
➢ 10 am at Public Health Laboratory: ● 2001-2002 ; 2005-2006
PAMET was born ● Organizational Dynamism
➢ Mrs. Belen Siasoco-Jose 11. Shirley L. Fabian- Cruzada
○ pharmacy graduate ● 2003- 2004
○ worked as a lab technician in US ● Interdisciplinary Networking
○ created another organization for 12. Dr. Leila M. Florentino
US laboratory technician and ● 2007-2012

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 ● Global Perspective
13. Romeo Joseph J. Ignacio
● 2013-2015
● Golden Celebration
14. Rolando E. Puno
● 2015- Present
● Empowerment

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 Lesson 2: Republic Act No. 5527 e. Accredited Medical Technology
Section 1: Title Training Laboratory
● may be also cited as the Philippine - A clinical laboratory, office, agency,
Medical Technology Act of 1969 clinic, hospital or sanitarium duly
● Originated from Senate Bill 996 that is approved by the Department of
approved on January 27, 1969 Health or its authorized agency.
● Gil Puyat → secretary of senate during f. Recognized School of Medical
the approval of Senate Bill 996 Technology
● signed by former President Ferdinand - Any school, college, or university
Edralin Marcos (10th President of the which offers a course in Medical
Philippines) on June 21, 1969. Technology approved by the
● Nardito D. Moraleta → the PAMET Department of Education in
president during the approval of RA 5527 accordance with the requirements
under this Act, upon
Section 2: Definition of Terms
recommendation of the council of
a. Medical Technology
medical technology education.
- the profession
g. Council
- An auxiliary branch of laboratory
- The council of medical technology
medicine which deals with the
education established under this
examination by various chemical,
Act.
microscopic, bacteriologic and
- the body that is responsible for the
other medical laboratory
medical technology education
procedures or techniques which
h. Board
will aid the physician in the
- The Board of Examiners for
diagnosis, study and treatment of
Medical Technology established
disease and in the promotion of
under this Act.
health in general.
b. Pathologist Section 3: Council of Medical Technology
- A duly registered physician who is Education, Its Composition
specially trained in methods of Council is composed of:
laboratory medicine. Chairman
c. Medical Technologist
- A person who engages in the work - Secretary of Education or Director of
of medical technology under the Private Education
supervision of a pathologist Vice Chairman
- who has passed the prescribed
course (Bachelor of Science in - Director of Bureau of Research and
Medical Technology/Bachelor of Laboratories
Science in Hygiene) of training and Members
examination is registered under the
provision of this Act. - Board of Examiners
d. Medical Laboratory Technicians - Dean of the Institute of Hygiene of UP
- A person whose not a graduate of - Deans or Heads of private schools of
Bachelor of Science in Medical medical technology
Technology/Bachelor of Science in - Presidents of PAMET and PSP
Hygiene but has passed the
Philippine Society of Pathologists
corresponding civil service
- national organization of the pathologists
examination
- A person certified and registered
with the Board as qualified to
assist a medical technologist
and/or qualified pathologist in the
practice of medical technology as
defined in this Act.

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 Section 4: Compensation and Traveling
Mathematics General Pathology
Expenses of Council Members
Compensation and Travel Expenses College Microbiology
Chairman and members Physics
- 25.00 pesos per day for every meeting General Biostatistics
attended Chemistry
- Provided further that officials receiving
regular salaries from the government shall Qualitative Clinical Laboratory
not receive per diem. Chemistry
- In addition, the Chairman and members of
the Council shall be entitled to traveling Quantitative Methods including
Chemistry hematology, serology, blood
expenses in connection with their official
banking,
duties.
clinical microscopy, applied
Section 5: Functions of the Council of Medical microbiology, and
Technology Education parasitology, histopathologic
a. recommend the minimum required techniques, and
curriculum cytotechnology
b. determine and prescribe the number of ➔ The Council is hereby authorized, subject
students allowed to take up the medical to the approval of the Secretary of
technology course Education to change, remove from or add
c. approve medical technology schools to the subjects listed above as the needs
d. require all medical technology schools to and demands of progress in the science of
submit an annual report (submitted medical technology may require.
before the month of June)
i. number of students and instructors Section 7: Board of Examiners for Medical
ii. list of facilities available for Technology
instruction Board of examiners is composed of:
iii. list of their recent graduates and ● Chairman: Pathologists
new admissions ● Members: 2 RMT
e. inspect the different medical technology *No member shall be allowed more than one
schools reappointment*
f. certify for admission in to an
undergraduate internship students ➔ a Chairman who is a pathologist, and two
g. formulate and recommend approval of (2) members who are registered medical
refresher course for applicants who shall technologists who shall be appointed by
have failed the Board Examination for the the President of the Republic of the
third time. Philippines upon recommendation of the
h. promulgate and enforce necessary rules PSP and PAMET.
and regulations ➔ The Chairman and members of the Board
shall hold office for three (3) years after
Section 6: Minimum Required Course appointments or until their successors
● 4 years with 12 month satisfactory shall have been appointed and duly
internship qualified

English Biochemistry Dr. Marilyn A. Cabal-Barza

-Chairman
Spanish Gross Anatomy
Marilyn R. Atienza, Marian M. Tantingco
Social Science Histology -MEMBERS

General Physiology
Zoology

Botany Clinical Parasitology

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 Section 8: Qualifications of Examiners suspend such a member under
No person shall be appointed as member of investigation and appoint a temporary
the Board of Examiners for Medical member in his place.
Technology unless he or she is:
Section 13: Accreditation of Schools of
(1) is a Filipino citizen;
Medical Technology and of Training
(2) is of good moral character; Laboratories
(3) is a qualified Pathologist, or a duly ➢ The Department of Education shall
RMT of the Philippines with the degree of approve schools of Medical Technology in
Bachelor of Science in Medical accordance with the provisions of this act.
Technology/Bachelor of Science in ➢ The Department of Health or its authorized
Hygiene/Public Health; agency shall upon recommendation of the
(4) has been in practice of laboratory Council of Medical Technology Education
medicine or medical technology for at approve laboratories for accreditation as
least 10 years prior to his appointment training laboratories for medical
(during that time no person was able to technology students or postgraduate
practice more than 10 years, so for the trainees .
first three years of enactment of the act, it
was reduced to 5 years); Section 14: Inhibition Against the Practice of
(5) is not a member of the faculty of any Medical Technology
medical technology school, or have any ➢ No person shall practice or offer to
pecuniary interest, direct or indirect, in practice medical technology as defined in
such institution this Act without having previously obtained
a valid certificate of registration from the
Section 9: Executive Officer of the Board Board provided that registration shall not
➢ EX-O: Commissioner of Civil Service be required of the following:
○ Duly registered physicians
Section 10: Compensation of Members of the
○ Medical technologist from other
Board of Examiners for Medical Technology
countries called in for consultation
➢ Each member
or as visiting or exchange
○ 10.00 per applicant examined
professors to colleges or
○ 5.00 per applicant granted
universities: Provided, they are
certificate of registration without
only practicing the said function
examination
○ Medical technologists in the
Section 11: Functions and Duties of the Board service of the United States Armed
of Examiner Forces stationed in the Philippines
● Administer the provisions of this act rendering services as such for
● Administer oath members of the said forces only
○ oath taking after the board exam
Section 15: Examination
● Issue, suspend and revoke certificates of
● All applicants for registration as medical
registration
technologists shall be required to undergo
● Look into conditions affecting the practice
written examination.
of medical technology
● exams will be held every month of either
● Investigate such violations of this Act
August or September
● Draft such rules and regulations as may
● exams will be conducted at:
be necessary to carry out the provisions of
○ Manila
this act
○ Cebu
Section 12: Removal of Board Member ○ Davao
➢ neglect of duty, incompetency, malpractice ● Written notices of such examination shall
or unprofessional be published in at least three
➢ unethical, immoral or dishonorable newspapers of national circulation by the
conduct Secretary of the Board of least thirty days
➢ During the process of investigation, the prior to the date of examination.
President shall have the power to

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 Section 16: Qualification for Examination Section 21: Issuance of Certificate of
● good health Registration
● is of good moral character ● Every applicant who has satisfactorily
● completed a course of Bachelor of passed the required examination for
Science in Medical Technology or medical technologist
Bachelor of Science in Public Health ● The duly registered medical technologists
(Hygiene) shall be required to display his certificate
● graduate of other paramedical of registration in the place where he works
professions has been actually performing ● Board shall issue a certificate of
medical technology registration as medical technologist
without examination to persons who have
Section 17: Scope of Coverage and
been in the practice of medical technology
Examination
for at least three (3) years at the time of
Clinical Chemistry 20% the passage of this act

Microbiology & Parasitology 20% Section 22: Fees

● Examination and Registration: 50.00
Hematology 20% pesos
● Certificate of Registration w/o
Blood Banking & Serology 20% examination: 20.00 pesos
Clinical Microscopy (Urinalysis and 10% ● Replacement of Certificate: 10.00 pesos
other body fluids) Section 23: Refusal to Issue Certificate
➢ If a person is convicted:
Histopathologic Technique 10%
○ dishonorable conduct
➢ The Board shall prepare the schedule of ○ unsound mind
subjects for examination and to submit the ○ incurable communicable disease
same to the Commissioner of Civil Service ➢ You can get suspended by:
for publication at least 4 months before ○ malpractice
the date of examination. ○ sharing of license
Section 18: Report of Rating Section 24: Administrative Investigation
● within 120 days after the date of ➢ Administrative investigation:
completion of the examination ○ 2 members of the board
● report the result thereof to the ○ 1 legal officer
Commissioner of Civil Service,who shall ➢ No penalty of revocation shall be imposed
submit such results to the President of unless there is a unanimous vote of all the
the Philippines for approval. three members of the Board
➢ When the penalty of suspension or
Section 19: Ratings in the Examination
revocation is imposed by the Board the
● PASSING is 75%
medical technologist shall be required to
● no rating of 50% in major subjects
surrender his certificate of registration
● no further examination for applicants who
within thirty days after the decision
has not qualified after 3 examination
becomes final.
○ refresher course - 12 months
Section 25: Appeal
Section 20: Oath Taking
➢ The revocation or suspension of a
➢ All successful examinees shall be required
certificate made by the Board shall be
to take a professional oath before the
subject to appeal to the Civil Service
Board or before any person authorized to
Commissioner whose decision shall
administer oath
become final thirty days after its
➢ held at the PICC
promulgation, unless the respondent
within the same period has appealed to
the office of the President of the
Philippines.

7
 Section 26: Reinstatement, Reissue or 2382, as amended by R.A. 4224), the
Replacement of Certificate Clinical Laboratory Act of 1966 (R.A.
➢ The Board may, upon application and for 4688), and the Blood Banking Law of
reason deemed proper and sufficient, 1956 (R.A. 1517).
reissue any revoked registration certificate
Section 32: Effectivity
Section 27: Foreign Reciprocity ● This Act shall take effect upon its
➢ No foreigner shall be admitted to approval. Approved, June 21, 1969.
examination, or be given a certificate of ● signed by former President Ferdinand
registration unless the country or state of Edralin Marcos (10th President of the
which he is a subject or citizen permits Philippines)
Filipino Medical Technologist to practice
Republic Act No. 5527 (ALL SECTIONS)
within its territorial limits on the same as
the subject or citizens of said country or Section 1: Title
state. Section 2: Definition of Terms
Section 3: Council of Medical
Section 28: Roster of Medical Technologist Technology Education, Its Composition
➢ Roster is a list of Medical Technologist Section 4: Compensation and Traveling
➢ Roster shall be prepared annually by the Expenses of Council Members
Secretary of the Board Section 5: Functions of the Council of
➢ Roster contain: Medical Section 6: Minimum Required
○ NAME Course
○ ADDRESS Section 7: Board of Examiners for
○ CITIZENSHIP Medical Technology
○ DATE OF REGISTRATION/ Section 8: Qualifications of Examiners
ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATE Section 9: Executive Officer of the
Board
Section 29: Penal Provisions
Section 10: Compensation of Members
➢ Without prejudice to the provision of the
of the Board of Examiners for Medical
Medical Act of 1959 as amended relating
Technology
to illegal practice of Medicine, the
following shall be punished by a fine of Section 11: Functions and Duties of the
not less than two thousand pesos nor Board of Examiner
more than five thousand pesos, or Section 12: Removal of Board Member
imprisonment for not less than six Section 13: Accreditation of Schools of
months nor more than two years, or Medical Technology and of Training
both Laboratories
Section 14: Inhibition Against the
Section 30: Separability Clause
Practice of Medical Technology
➢ If any provision of this Act or the
Section 15: Examination
application of such provision to any
persons or circumstances is declared Section 16: Qualification for
invalid by a court of competent Examination
jurisdiction, the remainder of this Act of the Section 17: Scope of Coverage and
application of such provisions to other Examination
persons or circumstances shall not be Section 18: Report of Rating
affected by such declaration Section 19: Ratings in the Examination
Section 20: Oath Taking
Section 31: Repealing Clause
Section 21: Issuance of Certificate of
➢ All acts, executive, rules and
Registration
regulations, or parts thereof
inconsistent with the provisions of this Section 22: Fees
Act are hereby repealed: Provided, Section 23: Refusal to Issue Certificate
however, that nothing in this Act shall be Section 24: Administrative
construed as repealing or amending any Investigation
portion of the Medical Act of 1959 (R.A. Section 25: Appeal

8
Section 26: Reinstatement, Reissue or
Replacement of Certificate
Section 27: Foreign Reciprocity
Section 28: Roster of Medical
Technologist
Section 29: Penal Provisions
Section 30: Separability Clause
Section 31: Repealing Clause
Section 32: Effectivity

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 Lesson 3: Amendments ● Also to all other persons having graduated
Amendments from other paramedical professions who
➔ a minor change or addition designed to are already civil service eligible by
improve a text or piece of legislation authority of the other Boards of profession
and who are actually performing medical
RA 5527 (MOTHER ARTICLE)
technology practice for the last five years
❖ RA 6138 prior to the enactment of this Act.
➔ Approval: AUGUST 31, 1970
➔ Sections amended: Section 16, Section 22
21 and 22 ● Examination: 50.00
● COR w/o Examination: 25.00
❖ PD 498 ● Replacement: 10.00
➔ Approval: JUNE 28, 1974
PD 498
➔ Sections amended: Section 2, 3,
● Sections Amended:
4, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 21 and 29
○ 2
❖ PD 1534 ○ 3
➔ Approval: JUNE 11, 1978 ○ 4
➔ Sections amended: Section 3, 8, ○ 7
11, 13 ○ 8
○ 11
○ 13
○ 16
RA 6138 ○ 17
● Sections Amended: ○ 21
○ 16 ○ 29
○ 21
○ 22 Section 2
➔ Subsection A
Section 16 ◆ Practice of Medical Technology
● Good Health and Good Moral Character ➔ Subsection D
● Completed Bachelor of Science in Medical ◆ Medical Laboratory Technician
Technology/Bachelor of Hygiene
● Under 6138, graduate of other Section 3
paramedical professions has been Chairman
actually performing medical technology for - Commissioner of Professional Regulation
the last five (5) years prior to the date of Commission (PRC)
the examinations
Vice Chairman
Section 21
● Provided, That no such certificate shall be - Chairman of Board of Medical Technology
issued to any successful applicant who Members
has not attained the age of twenty-one
years. - 2 Members of the Board
● The Board shall issue a certificate of - Director of Private Education
registration without examination to - Director of BRL
persons who have been graduated with a - Representatives of Deans or Heads of
Bachelor of Science in Hygiene and/or private schools of medical technology
Bachelor of Science in Medical
Section 4
Technology in duly recognized schools of
Chairman
medical technology in the Philippines or
foreign countries who have been in the ➔ 50.00
practice of medical technology for at least
three years at the time of the passage of
this Act.

10
Members Subsection I

➔ 25.00 ➔ To classify and prescribe the qualification

and training of the technical staff of clinical
laboratories as to: Medical Technology;
➢ Regardless of whether or not they receive
Medical Technologist; Senior Medical
regular salaries from the government.
Technologist; Medical Technologist and
Section 7 Medical Laboratory Technician.
● Board under PRC
Section 13
● Board shall be appointed by the
➢ The Department of Education and
President of the Republic of the
Culture shall approve schools of Medical
Philippines upon recommendation of the
Technology in accordance with the
PRC
provisions of this act.
● 3 years of Service
➢ The Professional Regulation
Section 8 Commission shall upon recommendation
Paragraph 3 of the Medical Technology Board shall
approve laboratories for accreditation as
● is a qualified Pathologist, or a duly RMT of training laboratories for medical
the Philippines technology students or postgraduate
Paragraph 5 trainees .

● is not a member of the faculty of any Section 16

medical technology school for at least two ➔ Subparagraph b
(2) years prior to appointment or having ➔ completed a course of at least four (4)
any pecuniary interest direct or indirect in years leading to the degree of Bachelor of
such institution Science in Medical Technology or
Bachelor of Science in Hygiene
Section 11
➔ Subsection c, g, h, i Section 17
Clinical Chemistry 20%
Subsection C

➔ Issue, suspend and revoke certificates of Microbiology & Parasitology 20%

registration for the practice of medical
Hematology 20%
technology and medical laboratory
technician Blood Banking & Serology 20%
Subsection G Clinical Microscopy (Urinalysis and 10%
➔ To determine the adequacy of the other body fluids)
technical staff of all clinical laboratories
Histopathologic Technique, 10%
and blood banks before they could be Cytotechnology, Medical
licensed with the Department of Health in Technology Laws, Related Laws and
accordance with R.A. No. 4655 and 1517 its implementing rules, and the
Subsection H Code of Ethics

➔ To prescribe the qualifications and training

of medical technologists as to special Section 21
fields of the profession and supervise their ● Fee: 115 pesos
specialty examination conducted by the ● Paramedical professionals with 8 years
professional organization of medical experience as medical technology
technologists accredited by the ● Medical Technician: 50.00
Professional Regulation Commission
Section 29
➔ Subparagraph J

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 ➔ Any person or corporate body who shall ● Draft such rules and regulations as may
allow anyone in his employ who is not a be necessary to carry out the provisions of
registered medical technologist/medical this Act: Provided, That the same shall be
laboratory technician to engage in the issued only after the approval of the
practice of medical technology or President of the Philippines.
recommend for appointment anyone to the
Section 13
position of medical technologist/medical
➔ The Department of Health through the
laboratory technician knowing that he is
Bureau of Research and Laboratories
not registered as such.
shall approve laboratories for accreditation
PD 1534 as training laboratories for medical
● Sections Amended: technology students or postgraduate
○ 3 trainees in conjunction with the Board of
○ 8 Medical Technology.
○ 11
○ 13

Section 3
Chairman

- Director of Higher Education

Vice Chairman

- Chairman of Professional Regulation

Commission

Members

- Director of BRL
- Board of Examiners
- Representatives of Deans or Heads of
private schools of medical technology
- Presidents of PAMET and PSP

Section 8
● No person shall be appointed a member
of the Board of Examiners for Medical
Technology unless he or she
○ is a qualified pathologist
○ duly registered medical
technologist of the Philippines with
the degree of Bachelor of Science
in Medical Technology/Bachelor of
Science in Hygiene/Bachelor of
Science in Public Health

Section 11
● Investigate such violations of this Act or of
the rules and regulations issued
thereunder as may come to the jurisdiction
of the Board and, for this purpose issue
subpoena and subpoena duces tecum to
secure appearance of witnesses and
promulgations of documents in connection
with charges presented to the Board

12
 Lesson 4: RA 4688 of CLA 1966 Section 1: Rationale
RA 4688 Section 2: Objective
➔ An Act regulating the operation and Section 3: Scope and Coverage
Maintenance of Clinical Labs and
Section 4: Definition of Terms
requiring the registration of the same with
Section 5: Classification of Clinical
the DOH, providing penalty for the
Laboratories
violation thereof, and for other purposes.
➔ Also known as the Clinical Laboratory Section 6: Guidelines
Act of 1966 Section 7: Procedural Guidelines
➔ The approval date of RA 4688 is June 18, Section 8: Schedule of Fees
1966 Section 9: Violations
➔ Consists of 8 sections only Section 10: Investigation of Complaints
➔ Since it has only 8 sections, it was needed Section 11: Penalty
to be amended through the Administrative Section 12: Appeal
Orders
Section 13: Repealing Clause
◆ The agency involved in AO is DOH
Section 14: Separability Clause
Administrative Order Section 15: Effectivity
Under the Administrative Section 1: Rationale
Administration Order Number: ➔ The main objective of regulatory reforms is
of: Series of: to ensure access to quality and affordable
health products, devices, facilities and
❖ Clemente S. ● AO no. 274 s. 1976 services.
Gatmaitan, MD, ● AO no. 21 s. 1979 ➔ Advances in technology necessitate the
MPH need to update the minimum standards
and technical requirements for clinical
❖ Antonio O. ● AO no. 118-B s.
laboratories.
Periquet, MD 1992
➔ Rationale Definition:
❖ Carmencita ● AO no. 14-A s. ◆ a set of reasons or a logical basis
Noriega– 1997 for a course of action
Reodica,MD, ● AO no. 19A s. Section 2: Objective
MPH, CESO II 1998 ➔ Main objective is to prescribe a revised
minimum standard for clinical laboratories.
❖ Manuel M. ● AO no. 7-C s. 2001
Dayrit, MD, [Link] ● AO no. 59 s. 2001 Section 3: Scope and Coverage
● AO no. 2005-2006 ➔ Applicable for all individuals, agencies,
partnerships or corporations that operate
❖ Francisco T. ● AO no. 2007-0027 clinical laboratories in the Philippines.
Duque III, MD, ➔ Except:
MSc. ◆ Any government clinical
laboratories in the Philippines
performing microscopic works for
AO no. 2007-0027 DOH
➢ Was the most honored Administrative ● Malaria Screening
Order in particular to RA 4688 ● AFB Microscopy
➢ Consists of 15 sections ● STI Testing
➢ It was approved on August 22, 2007 ● Cervical Cancer Screening

Bureau of Health Facilities and Services

➔ a subunit of DOH
➔ authority in the promulgations of the
provisions of this administrative order
specifically SECTION 3

13
 Section 4: Definition of Terms 14. Monitoring Examination
1. Applicant ➔ tests done in series on patients as a
➔ any individual who intent to operate in guide for treatment
any laboratory 15. NRL
2. BHFS ➔ National Reference Laboratory
➔ Bureau of Health Facilities and ➔ conducts:
Services ◆ confirmatory testing
3. CHD ◆ surveillance
➔ Center for Health Development ◆ resolutions of conflicting results
4. Clinical Laboratory ◆ trainings
➔ facility where tests are done on human ➔ facilitator of EQAS (External Quality
samples Assurance Services)
5. Critical Values ➔ involved in the implementation of
➔ maximum limit EQAP
➔ if it reaches the critical value, it is life 16. POL
threatening ➔ Physician’s Office Laboratory
➔ panic values described by Lundberg ➔ an individual doctor’s clinic (usual
6. DOH pre-med → medtech) wherein
➔ Department of Health laboratory examinations are performed
7. EQAP 17. POCT
➔ External Quality Assessment ➔ Point of Care Testing
Program ➔ diagnostic testing near the patient
➔ all participating clin lab in the EQAP, (bedside)
will be given 1 sample and they will 18. Routine Test
need to identify the results ➔ commonly requested test in the lab
➔ The one facilitating the EQAP already 19. Satellite Testing Site
has a pre-determined value which will ➔ any testing site that performs lab
be the standard value examinations under the administrative
➔ The results must be within the range of control of a licensed laboratory
the standard value, for the laboratory 20. STAT Tests
to pass the standards. ➔ tests done on urgent cases
8. Inspection Tools ◆ CSF
➔ a checklist used by a regulatory officer ➔ Sta’tim → immediately
during inspection to evaluate
Section 5: Classification of Clinical
compliance of a clin lab
Laboratories
9. Institution
Classification by Ownership
➔ a corporate body or an establishment
Government
organized for:
● Operated and maintained by the
◆ Medical
government whether it be:
◆ Educational
○ (national, local, political unit/dept.)
◆ Charitable purposes
10. License Private
➔ issued by the DOH through the BHFS ● (individual, corporation, assoc. or org.)
➔ once a laboratory has passed the ● free-standing lab
assessment or inspection it will be
given a license Classification by Function
11. Licensee Clinical Pathology
➔ the individual to whom a license is ● Clinical Chemistry
issued upon ● Hematology
12. LTO ● Blood Banking
➔ License to Operate ● Microbiology
13. Mobile Clinical Laboratory ● Immunology and Serology
➔ a laboratory testing unit that moves ● Clinical Microscopy
from testing site to another testing site

14
 ● Endocrinology ● Routine Fecalysis
● Molecular biology ● ABO Rh Typing - hospital based only
● Cytogenetics
Secondary Category
● Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring ● All Primary Testings Plus:
● Routine CC (Glu, BUN, BUA, Crea, Chole)
Anatomic Pathology
● Quantitative Platelet
● Surgical Pathology ● Cross Matching – hospital based (hb)
● Immunohistopathology ● G/S – (hb)
● Cytology ● KOH – (hb)
● Autopsy
Tertiary Category
● Forensic Pathology
● Molecular Pathology ● All Secondary Plus:
● Special Chem
Classification by Institutional Character
● Special Hema plus coag
Institution Based
● Immunology
➔ Part of: ● Microbiology (C/S) – (hb)
◆ hospital
Limited Service Capability
◆ medical clinic
◆ school ● For institution-based only
◆ medical facility for OFW and ● Dialysis, social hygiene clinics
Seafarers
◆ birthing home Section 6: Guidelines
◆ psychiatric facility General Guidelines
◆ drug rehab ❖ LTO
❖ Teaching/Research Lab
Freestanding ❖ Special Lab
❖ NRL
➔ does not form part of any institution
❖ POL
Classification by Service Capability ❖ POCT
General Clinical Laboratory
LTO
1. Primary
● License to Operate is given by the by the
2. Secondary
DOH through the BHFS
3. Tertiary
4. Limited Service capability Teaching/Research Lab
● Does not need License to Operate but
Special Clinical Laboratory
they need to register to the BHFS
● Highly specialized lab services, usually,
● Example:
not provided by general clinical
○ Laboratories in School
laboratories.
● Examples: Special Lab
○ Assisted Reproductive Technology ● Exempted to License to Operate but they
○ Molecular and Cellular Technology need to register to the BHFS
○ Molecular Biology
○ Molecular Pathology NRL
○ Forensic Pathology ● Does not need License to Operate but
○ Anatomic Pathology Laboratories they need to register to the BHFS

Primary Category POL

● Case to Case Basis
● Limited testings ● They only need to acquire LTO if:
● Routine Hema (CBC-Hb, Hct, WBC and ○ they will issue official lab results
Diff Ct) ○ perform more than monitoring
● Qualitative Platelet determination exams
● Routine Analysis

15
 ○ cater not only to the physician's ● clean safe
own patients ● functional
● NOTE: If it won’t fall on the three reasons ● Proper maintenance
then they don’t need to acquire LTO ● proper disposal of wastes
● policy guidelines of on biosafety and
Specific Guidelines
biosecurity
Standards
● Physical plan (1-10sqm, 2-20sqm,
Human Resource
3-60sqm)
➔ Clin Lab:
Primary
◆ head (patho C/A)
● atleast 1-10sqm requirement of space
◆ adequate RMTs
◆ and other health professionals Secondary
● atleast 2-20sqm requirement of space
Equipment
Tertiary
➔ available and operational
● atleast 3-60sqm requirement of space
➔ calibration and maintenance
➔ contingency plan Referral

Glassware, Reagent, Supplies ● MOA (Memorandum of Agreement)

➔ available, inventory, proper storage LTO

➢ This is given to those applicants who have
Administrations Policies & Procedures
successfully obtain satisfactory standards
➔ policies, operation and maintenance of lab to operate a laboratory
➢ Non-transferable
Technical Procedures ➢ 1 year valid, unless suspended or
➔ SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) revoked
➢ Non-hospital based:
QAP ○ Name of lab
○ Owner
➔ Quality Assessment Program (QAP)
○ Head
➔ Internal Quality Assessment Program
○ Service capability
(IQAP)
○ Validity
➔ (1) IQAP, (2) EQAP from NRL, DOH
○ License Number
Communication & Records ○ Location
➢ Non-hospital based:
➔ Routine and Stat ○ MUST BE DISPLAYED AT ALL
➔ Name of lab TIMES
➔ Patho ➢ Hospital based:
➔ RMT who perf tests ○ One-stop-shop Licensure for
➔ E-sig = under E-commerce law as long as Hospitals
under supervision
➔ workload Guidelines of LTO
➔ QC ➔ Performing HIV testing/ Water Analysis =
➔ inventory indicated by LTO
➔ schedule ➔ Clin lab + Satellite lab = 1 LTO as long as
➔ accidents monitored
➔ retention of lab rec ➔ Satellite lab outside of central lab =
secure separate LTO
Physical Facilities / Work Environment ➔ Mobile lab – collect specimens, 100km
● Constant repair radius from main lab
● required space ➔ Changes → report to CHD
● well ventilated ➔ LTO may suspend or revoke if there is a
● lighted violation

16
 Section 7: Procedural Guidelines 9. Commissions, bonus
● Processing application to process LTO
Usual Violations
● Registration (special, nrl, research and
➢ Employees are not licensed RMT
teaching)
➢ Using the license of other people
● Application (initial, renewal)
➢ Malpractice
● Renewal
➢ Giving out wrong results
● Inspection
● Monitoring Section 10: Investigation of Complaints
➔ Primary investigator:
Steps For Registration
◆ BHFS
1. Fill out an application form and submit to
◆ CHD director or his authorized
BHFS
representatives
2. Attach the requirements
➔ The CHD director shall suspend, cancel,
3. Upon the submission, you need to pay the
or revoke the LTO
application fee (non-refundable)
4. Wait for the BHFS to evaluate the papers Section 11: Penalty
5. The BHFS will conduct an inspection if the ➔ Clinical lab operating w/o license:
papers is already evaluated ◆ not less than 1000.00 –
6. If there is no problem and there is no ◆ not more than 5000.00
non-compliance, then they will issue an ➔ Imprisonment not less than 1 month
LTO.
Section 12: Appeal
Application ➢ Decision may be appealed to the Office of
Renewal health Secretary within 10 days after
➔ If it is renewal, you will file an application receipt of the notice of decision
form and you need to pay the renewal fee,
subject for inspection. Section 13: Repealing Clause
➔ For non-hospital based, they need to file ➔ Provision from previous issuances that are
applications for renewal beginning the inconsistent or contrary to the provisions
first day of August and the last day of of this order are hereby rescinded
November. Section 14: Separability Clause
◆ Aug 1 - Nov 30 ➢ In the event that any provision or part of
◆ Failure to comply within the set this order be declared unauthorized or
date is subject to the cancellation rendered invalid by the court of law or
of the LTO. competent authority, those provisions not
Section 8: Schedule of Fees affected by such declaration shall remain
➔ Payment is non-refundable valid and effective.
➔ All fees shall be paid to the order of DOH Section 15: Effectivity
➔ Discounts, surcharges or penalties if late ➔ Take effect 15 day after its approval and
renewal publication in the official gazette or
Section 9: Violations newspaper or gen circulation.
1. Refusal to participate in an EQAP
2. Permitting unauthorized persons to
perform technical procedures
3. Demonstrating incompetence, errors
(examination and procedures)
4. Expired reagents
5. Lending of LTO
6. Unauthorized use of name and signature
of Pathology to secure LTO
7. Reporting test result that was not actually
done
8. Transferring of results

17
Medical Technology Laws & Bioethics
Our Lady of Fatima University – Pampanga
College of Medical Laboratory Science

MIDTERMS

Lesson 1: RA 1517 & RA 7719 Objectives of RA 7719

RA 1517 ➢ Promote Voluntary Blood Donation
➢ Blood Bank Law of 1956 ➢ Phase Out Commercial Blood Banks
➢ It was signed and approved on June 16,
1956 Definitions: RA 7719
➢ Establish Licensing and Monitoring of 1. Voluntary Blood Donation
Blood Service Facilities a. to promote and encourage
➢ Consists of 7 sections (General) voluntary blood donation
2. Legal Principle: Transfusion
Objective of RA 1517 3. Blood and Blood Products
➢ Establish standards with regards to a. refers to human blood, processed
operating Blood Service Facilities or unprocessed and includes blood
components, its products and
Implementing Guidelines
derivatives
❖ AO #9, s.1995
4. Public Information
❖ AO #17, s. 1998
5. Education
❖ AO No. 2008-0008
6. Mobilization
➢ for blood service facilities
7. Mandate network
License: 8. System of reimbursement
9. BB –NON PROFIT
➔ Department of Health (BRL→BHFS) 10. Standards
➔ it will come from the governing agency of 11. Regulation
health (DOH) 12. Upgrade
Blood Service Facility: Category A
➔ Administration, direction and supervision Non-Hospital Based
of a licensed and a qualified physician ● Recruitment and Retention
➔ Operation of the Blood Service Facilities ● Health Education and Screening
must be under the supervision of a ● Donor Screening and Selection
licensed and a qualified physician ● Blood Collection
➔ It is operated on a non-profit basis ● Testing for TTIs
○ Transfusion Transmitted Infections
Enforcement of the Act: ● Storage, Issuance, Transport and
Distribution of Whole Blood and Packed
➔ Secretary of Health
RBC
RA 7719
Hospital Based
➢ National Blood Services Act of 1994
● All of the Non-Hospital Based
➢ Approved: May 5, 1994
● Compatibility Testing
➢ Effective: May 12, 1994
➢ Consists of 15 sections Category B
➢ *Blood products are not for sale.* Non-Hospital Based
○ But since there are multiple testing, ● Recruitment and Retention
there will be a fee for services/ ● Health Education and Screening
processing fee ● Donor Screening and Selection
○ Selling blood is unlawful. ● Blood Collection
➢ This Act shall precedes Republic Act No. ● Testing for TTIs
1517 ● Storage, Issuance, Transport and
➢ Under Fidel V. Ramos Distribution of Whole Blood and Blood
Products

1
 Hospital Based Penal Provisions
● All of the Category B Non-Hospital Based Collect Service Fees above recommended
● Compatibility Testing
➔ Any person or persons who shall be
● Preliminary Investigation of Transfusion
responsible for the above violation shall
Reactions
suffer the:
● Resolution of Incompatible
◆ penalty of imprisonment of (1)
● Cross-match
month to six (6) months
Blood Service Facility ◆ or a fine of (P5,000) to (P50,000)
Head ◆ or both at the discretion of the
competent court
➔ Either a pathologist
➔ or hematologist Establishment without LTO/ATO

Staff: ➔ Any person who shall establish and

operate a blood bank without securing any
➔ Registered Medical Technologist
license to operate/ authority to operate
◆ Category A - 4 RMT
shall suffer the:
◆ Category B - 5 RMT
◆ penalty of imprisonment of (12)
Donor Recruitment Officer: years to (20) years
◆ or a fine of (P50.000) to
➔ Licensed Physician (P500,000)
➔ Registered Nurse ◆ or both at the discretion of the
➔ Registered Medical Technologist competent court
LTO Dispensing / Failure to dispose Unsafe Blood
Authority:
➔ Punishable by (10) years imprisonment
➔ Center for Health Development (CHD) ➔ RMT who dispensed
Director ◆ RA 5527 - Negligence of
Must Undergo: practice/malpractice
◆ Revoke license
➢ Inspection ◆ IF THE PATIENT DIES - revoke
➢ Issuance and imprisonment
➢ Validity
➢ Monitoring Failure to submit application

Violations ➔ revoke license

1. False application statements ➔ suspension
2. False documents ➔ pay late application fee of (P5,000)
3. Refusal for Inspection
4. Overcharging
a. Mandated Price of Blood Products
b. Maximum ceiling for fees for the
provision of blood, including its
collection, processing and storage,
professional services
c. Guidelines according to DOH
5. Blood from paid donors
6. Refusal to EQAS
● External Quality Assessment
Scheme

2
 Lesson 2: RA 9288 Newborn Screening Section 1: Title
RA 9288 ➢ Known as the “ Newborn Screening Act of
➢ An act promulgating a comprehensive 2004.”
policy and a national system for ensuring
newborn screening Section 2: Declaration of Policy
➢ It was approved on April 07, 2004 ➢ It is the policy of the State to protect and
➢ Under the administration of Gloria promote the right to health of the people,
Macapagal Arroyo including the rights of children to survival
➢ It has 5 articles and 19 sections and full and healthy development as
normal individuals.
Newborn Screening ➢ The National Newborn Screening System
➢ A.k.a infant’s/neonatal screening shall ensure that every baby born in the
➢ Purpose is to identify the manifestation of Philippines is offered the opportunity to
genetic disorders undergo newborn screening and thus be
➢ Screening spared from heritable conditions that can
○ Checking for presence or absence lead to mental retardation, blindness
of the genetic disorders and death if undetected and untreated.
➢ It is non-diagnostic
➢ Urine and blood is utilized as sample Section 3: Objectives
○ most common is the blood 1. access to newborn screening
a. ALL NEWBORN
Additional Notes: 2. sustainable newborn screening system
➔ Diagnostic 3. health practitioners’ awareness and
◆ already went through screening professional responsibility (undergo
and confirmatory testing training that will equipped them):
a. medical doctors
Particular Disorders that
b. nurses
can be determined:
c. midwife
➢ Hemoglobinopathies
d. nursing aides
➢ Endocrinopathies
e. traditional birth attendants
➢ Amino acid disorders
4. parent recognition
Sample Collection
Article 2: Definition of Terms
➢ Sample collected within 24-72hrs
➢ Section 4 only
○ this is the ideal time
➢ Infant heel puncture Disorders That Can Be Detected In Newborn
Screening:
Further screening requirement (case to case
1. Congenital Hypothyroidism
basis):
a. hypo - decrease
1. Infants who commenced total parenteral b. previously known as cretinism
nutrition c. severe deficiency of a thyroid
2. Infants receiving palliative care can be hormone
tested 3 days after delivery 2. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
a. ease the pain for terminally-ill a. genetic disorder that affects the
patients adrenal glands
3. Infants receiving blood products 3. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
4. Infants born after in-utero blood a. common amino acid disorder
transfusion b. it can be controlled through
5. Low birth weight and premature infants dietary but it should be detected
ASAP
Article 1: General Provision 4. Galactosemia
➔ Section 1 - 3 a. galactose in the blood
➔ 3 Sections 5. G-6-PD Deficiency
a. genetic disorder that affects mostly
male patients

3
 b. Glucose-6-Phosphate ❖ Newborn Screening Reference Center
Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) is an ➔ Secretariat of the Advisory
enzyme that helps the RBC to Committee on Newborn Screening
work by protecting it from the ➔ Activities on Newborn Screening
harmful substances Reference Center:
c. if there is a deficiency, the function 1. conduct trainings
of RBC will be affected or worst it 2. oversee the national testing
can be harmed database and case
registries
Section 4: Definition of Terms 3. they define testings and
❖ Comprehensive Newborn Screening follow-up protocols
System ❖ Parent Education
A. education ➔ providing parents or legal
B. collection and biochemical screening guardians information about
C. tracking and confirmatory newborn screening
D. clinical evaluation ❖ Recall
E. drugs and medical/surgical ➔ locating a newborn with a possible
management and dietary heritable condition for purposes of
supplementation providing the newborn with
F. evaluation activities to assess long appropriate laboratory to confirm
term outcome, patient compliance the diagnosis
and quality assurance ❖ Treatment
❖ Follow-up ➔ provision of prompt, appropriate
➔ monitoring of a newborn with a and adequate medicine, medical,
heritable condition for the purpose and surgical management or
of ensuring that the newborn dietary prescription
patient complies fully with the
medicine of dietary prescriptions. Article 3: Newborn Screening
❖ Health Institutions ➢ Section 5 – 9
➔ hospitals ➢ 5 Sections
➔ health centers Section 5: Obligation to Inform
➔ lying-in centers ➢ Any health practitioner who delivers, or
❖ Healthcare Practitioner assists in the delivery, of a newborn in the
➔ medical doctors Philippines shall, prior to delivery, inform
➔ nurses the parents or legal guardian of the
➔ midwife newborn of the availability, nature and
➔ nursing aides benefits of newborn screening.
➔ traditional birth attendants/ healers
❖ Heritable Condition Section 6: Performance of
➔ usually inherited from the genes of Newborn Screening
either or both biological parents of ➢ Performed after (24) hours of life but not
the newborn. later than (3) days from complete delivery
❖ NIH of the newborn.
➔ National Institute of Health ➢ A newborn that must be placed in
❖ Newborn intensive care in order to ensure survival
➔ from the time of complete delivery may be exempted from the 3-day
up to 30 days old requirement but must be tested by seven
➔ 0-30 days old (7) days of age.
❖ Newborn Screening
Section 7: Refusal to be Tested
❖ Newborn Screening Center
➢ A parent or legal guardian may refuse
➔ facility equipped with a newborn
testing on the grounds of religious
screening laboratory that complies
beliefs.
with the standards established by
the NIH

4
 ➢ A copy of this refusal documentation ➔ Director of the Newborn Screening
shall be made part of the newborn's Reference Center
medical record and refusal shall be ➔ Three (3) representatives appointed by
indicated in the national newborn the Secretary of Health (any of these):
screening database. ◆ pediatrician
◆ obstetrician
Section 8: Continuing Education,
◆ endocrinologist
Re-education and Training Health Personnel
◆ family physician
I. conduct continuing information, education,
◆ nurse or midwife
reeducation and training programs for
health personnel on the rationale, *The Committee shall meet at least twice a
benefits, procedures of newborn year. The NIH shall serve as the Secretariat of
screening; and the Committee.*
II. disseminate information materials on
Section 12: Establishment and Accreditation
newborn screening at least annually to all
of Newborn Screening Centers
health personnel involved in material and
Strategically located
pediatric care.
Duly accredited by the DOH based on the
Section 9: Licensing and Accreditation
standards set forth by the Committee:
➢ The DOH and the Philippine Health
Insurance Corporation (PHIC) shall ➔ certified laboratory performing all tests
require health institutions to provide included in the newborn screening
newborn screening services as a condition program
for licensure or accreditation. ➔ recall/follow up programs for infants found
positive for any and all of the heritable
Article 4: Implementation
conditions
➢ Section 10- 16
➔ be supervised and staffed by trained
➢ 7 Sections
personnel who have been duly qualified
Section 10: Lead Agency (DOH) by the NIH
1. Establish the Advisory Committee on ➔ submit to periodic announced or
Newborn Screening unannounced inspections by the
2. Develop the implementing rules and Reference Center in order to evaluate and
regulations for the immediate ensure quality Newborn Screening Center
implementation of a nationwide newborn performance
screening program within (180) days from
Section 13: Establishment of a Newborn
the enactment of this Act;
Screening Reference Center
3. Coordinate with the Department of the
➢ The NIH shall establish a Newborn
Interior and Local Government (DILG) for
Screening Reference Center, which shall
implementation of the newborn screening
be responsible for the:
program;
○ national testing database
4. Coordinate with the NIH Newborn
○ case registries
Screening Reference Center for the
○ training
accreditation of Newborn Screening
○ technical assistance
Centers and preparation of defined testing
○ continuing education for laboratory
protocols and quality assurance programs
staff in all Newborn Screening
Section 11: Advisory Committee on Centers.
Newborn Screening (8 Members)
Section 14: Quality Assurance
➔ Secretary of Health who shall act as
➢ The NIH Newborn Screening Reference
Chairman
Center shall be responsible for drafting
➔ Executive Director of the NIH acts as Vice
and ensuring good laboratory practice
Chairperson
standards for newborn screening centers,
➔ Undersecretary of the DILG
including establishing an external
➔ Executive Director of the Council for the
Welfare of Children

5
 laboratory proficiency testing and Section 18: Separability Clause
certification program. ➢ If, for any reason or reasons, any party of
Section 15: Database provisions of this Act shall be declared or
➢ All Newborn Screening Centers → NIH held to be unconstitutional or invalid, other
Newborn Screening Reference Center provision or provisions hereof which are
➢ All the date that is gathered will be not affected thereby shall continue to be in
submitted to NIH Newborn Screening full force and effect.
Reference Center Section 19: Effectivity
Database: ➢ This Act shall take effect (15) days after
its publication in at least (2) newspapers of
1. national database of patients tested general circulation.
2. registry for each condition
3. submit reports annually to the Committee Summary: RA 9288
and to the DOH on the status of and Total of: 5 Articles; 19 Sections
Article 1: General Provision
relevant health information derived from
● Section 1: Title
the database
● Section 2: Declaration of Policy
4. A plan for long-term outcome evaluation of
● Section 3: Objectives
newborn screening utilizing the cases
registries shall be developed within one Article 2: Definition of Terms
(1) year of passage of this Act by the NIH ● Section 4: Definition of Terms
Newborn Screening Reference Center in
consultation with the Advisory Committee Article 3: Newborn Screening
on Newborn Screening ● Section 5: Obligation to Inform
● Section 6: Performance of
Implementation: ● Newborn Screening
● Section 7: Refusal to be Tested
➔ Advisory Committee on Newborn
● Section 8: Continuing Education,
Screening.
Re-education and Training Health
Section 16: Newborn Screening Fees Personnel
➢ The PHIC shall include the cost of ● Section 9: Licensing and Accreditation
newborn screening in its benefits Article 4: Implementation
package. ● Section 10: Lead Agency
➢ The newborn screening fee shall be ● Section 11: Advisory Committee on
applied to, among others: Newborn Screening
1. testing costs ● Section 12: Establishment and
2. education Accreditation of Newborn Screening
3. sample transport Centers
4. follow-up ● Section 13: Establishment of a
5. reasonable overhead expenses Newborn Screening Reference Center
Article 5: Final Provision ● Section 14: Quality Assurance
➢ Section 17-19 ● Section 15: Database
➢ 3 Sections ● Section 16: Newborn Screening Fees

Article 5: Final Provision

Section 17: Repealing Clause
● Section 17: Repealing Clause
➢ All general and special laws, decrees,
● Section 18: Separability Clause
executive orders, proclamations and
● Section 19: Effectivity
administrative regulations, or any parts
thereof, which are inconsistent with this
Act are hereby repealed or modified
accordingly.

6
 Lesson 3: Republic Act No. 8504 Factor of HIV High Transmission
➢ An act promulgating policies and
prescribing measures for the prevention ➔ human behavior is the most common
and control of HIV/Aids in the Philippines, factor since the people are more
instituting a nationwide HIV/Aids explorative
information and educational program, Section 3. Definition of Terms
establishing a comprehensive HIV/Aids (a) "Acquired Immune Deficiency
monitoring system, strengthening the Syndrome (AIDS)"
Philippine National Aids Council, and for ➢ a condition characterized by a
other purposes. combination of signs and symptoms,
➢ Consists of 9 Articles and 52 Sections caused by HIV contracted from another
➢ The purpose of this act is for: person and which attacks and weakens
○ education with regards to HIV/Aids the body's immune system, making the
○ strengthening the policies and afflicted individual susceptible to other
standardization with regards to life-threatening infections.
HIV/Aids ➢ once the immune system weakens then it
Philippine National Aids Council will developed/ progresses to AIDS
➢ governing agency/ body that is (b) "Anonymous Testing"
responsible for monitoring the ➢ refers to an HIV testing procedure
promulgation of this act whereby the individual being tested does
➢ signed under the presidency of Fidel V. not reveal his/her true identity.
Ramos ➢ An identifying number or symbol is used to
Section 1. Title substitute for the name and allows the
➔ This Act shall be known as the laboratory conducting the test and the
"Philippine AIDS Prevention and person on whom the test is conducted to
Control Act of 1998." match the test results with the identifying
number or symbol.
Section 2. Declaration of Policies
● Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (c) "Compulsory HIV Testing"
(AIDS) is a disease that recognizes no ➢ refers to HIV testing imposed upon a
territorial, social, political and economic person attended or characterized by the
boundaries for which there is no known lack of or vitiated consent, use of physical
cure. force, intimidation or any form of
● The gravity of the AIDS threat demands compulsion.
strong state action today, thus: ➢ it is against the law to mandate anyone
○ the state shall promote public (d) "Contact tracing"
awareness with regards to: ➢ refers to the method of finding and
■ causes counselling the sexual partner(s) of a
■ mode of transmission person who has been diagnosed as
■ consequences having sexually transmitted disease.
■ education
○ the state shall promote the (e) "Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)"
universal precautions about the ➢ refers to the virus which causes AIDS.
risk of HIV and how to prevent it ➢ virus that attacks the immune system up
to the point that the body will weaken and
ADDITIONAL NOTES: it won’t be strong enough to defend all the
IMMUNE SYSTEM foreign stimulus that can trigger a sickness
➔ defense mechanism/ defense army (f) "HIV/AIDS Monitoring"
➢ refers to the documentation and analysis
of the number of HIV/AIDS infections and
the pattern of its spread.

7
(g) "HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control" any person who, in any official
➢ refers to measures aimed at protecting capacity, has acquired or may
non-infected people from contracting HIV have acquired such confidential
and minimizing the impact of the condition information.
of persons living with HIV.
(o) "Person with HIV"
(h) "HIV-positive" ➢ refers to an individual whose HIV test
➢ refers to the presence of HIV infection as indicates, directly or indirectly, that he/she
documented by the presence of HIV or is infected with HIV.
HIV antibodies in the sample being tested.
(p) "Pre-Test Counseling"
(i) "HIV-negative" ➢ refers to the process of providing an
➢ denotes the absence of HIV or HIV individual information on the biomedical
antibodies upon HIV testing. aspects of HIV/AIDS and emotional
support to any psychological implications
(j) "HIV Testing"
of undergoing HIV testing and the test
➢ refers to any laboratory procedure done
result itself before he/she is subjected to
on an individual to determine the presence
the test.
or absence of HIV infection.
➢ accredited counselors
(k) "HIV Transmission"
(q) "Post-Test Counseling"
➢ refers to the transfer of HIV from one
➢ refers to the process of providing risk
infected person to an uninfected
reduction information and emotional
individual, most commonly through:
support to a person who submitted to HIV
○ sexual intercourse,
testing at the time that the test result is
○ blood transfusion,
released.
○ sharing of intravenous needles
○ and during pregnancy. (r) "Prophylactic"
➢ refers to any agent or device used to
(l) "High-Risk Behavior"
prevent the transmission of a disease.
➢ refers to a person's frequent
involvement in certain activities which (s) "Sexually Transmitted Diseases"
increase the risk of transmitting or ➢ refers to any disease that may be
acquiring HIV. acquired or passed on through sexual
○ sexually active contact.
○ sex workers/ prostitutes
(t) "Voluntary HIV Testing"
(m) "Informed Consent" ➢ refers to HIV testing done on an individual
➢ refers to the voluntary agreement of a who, after having undergone pre-test
person to undergo or be subjected to a counseling, willingly submits
procedure based on full information, himself/herself to such test.
whether such permission is written,
(u) "Window Period"
conveyed verbally, or expressed indirectly.
➢ refers to the period of time, usually lasting
(n) "Medical Confidentiality" from (2) weeks to (6) months during
➢ refers to the relationship of trust and which an infected individual will test
confidence created or existing between a "negative" upon HIV testing but can
patient or a person with HIV and his: actually transmit the infection.
○ attending physician,
Article 1: Education and Information
○ consulting medical specialist,
Section 4. HIV/AIDS Education in Schools
○ nurse,
Agencies Involved:
○ medical technologist
○ and all other health workers or
● Department of Education, Culture and
personnel involved in any
Sports
counseling, testing or professional
○ HS and Elementary levels
care of the former; it also applies to
● Commission on Higher Education

8
 ○ Colleges and Universities ○ importance of sexual abstinence
● Technical Education and Skills and mutual fidelity
Development Authority (TESDA)
Section 11. Penalties for Misleading
○ Vocational Courses
Information
Section 5. HIV/AIDS Information as a Health ● Misinformation on HIV/AIDS prevention
Service and control is punishable with a penalty of
● Dissemination of information. imprisonment for (2) months to (2) years
● Knowledge and capabilities of public or with fines and suspension or revocation
health workers. of professional or business license.
● Training on HIV and confidentiality. ● Promotional marketing of drugs, devices,
agents or procedures markings and
Section 6. HIV/AIDS Education in the indications in drugs and devices or
Workplace agents, purporting to be a cure or a
● Standardized basic information on failsafe prophylactic for HIV infection
HIV/AIDS.
○ In collaboration with DOLE. Article 2: Safe Practices and Procedures
● Confidentiality in the workplace and Section 12. Requirement on the Donation of
attitude towards infected employees and Blood, Tissue, or Organ
workers. ● No laboratory or institution shall accept a
donation of tissue or organ, whether such
Section 7. HIV/AIDS Education for Filipinos donation is gratuitous or onerous, unless
Going Abroad a sample from the donor has been
➢ The State shall ensure that all overseas tested negative for HIV.
Filipino workers and diplomatic, military, ● All donated blood shall also be subjected
trade, and labor officials and personnel to to HIV testing and HIV(+) blood shall be
be assigned overseas shall undergo or disposed of properly and immediately.
attend a seminar on the cause, prevention
and consequences of HIV/AIDS before Section 13. Guidelines on Surgical and Similar
certification for overseas assignment. Procedures
● DOH shall issue guidelines on:
Section 8. Information Campaign for
○ Surgery
Tourists and Transients
○ Dental Procedures
➢ Informational aids or materials on the
○ Embalming
cause, modes of transmission, prevention,
○ Tattooing
and consequences of HIV infection shall
○ Similar Procedures
be adequately provided at all international
ports of entry and exit. Section 14. Penalties for Unsafe Practices and
Section 9. HIV/AIDS Education in Procedures
Communities ➢ Any person who knowingly or negligently
➢ DILG → governing agency causes another to get infected with HIV in
➢ Local government units, in collaboration the course of the practice of his/her
with the Department of Health (DOH), profession through unsafe and unsanitary
shall conduct an educational and practice or procedure.
information campaign on HIV/AIDS. ➢ Penalty: 6yrs - 12yrs of imprisonment

Section 10. Information on Prophylactics Article 3: Testing Screening and Counseling

➢ Appropriate information shall be attached Section 15. Consent as a Requisite for HIV
to or provided with every prophylactic Testing
offered for sale or given as a donation. ➢ No compulsory HIV testing shall be
➢ Such information shall be legibly printed in allowed.
English and Filipino, and contain: ➢ However, the State shall encourage
○ proper use of the prophylactic voluntary testing for individuals with a high
○ efficacy against HIV and STD risk for contracting HIV: Provided, That
infection

9
 written informed consent must first be pre-test counseling and post-test
obtained. counseling for persons who avail of their
HIV/AIDS testing services.
Section 16. Prohibitions on Compulsory HIV
➢ However, such counseling services must
Testing
be provided only by persons who meet the
➢ Compulsory HIV testing as a:
standards set by the DOH.
○ precondition to employment,
○ admission to educational Section 21. Support for HIV
institutions, Testing Centers
○ the exercise of freedom of abode, ➢ The Department of Health shall
○ entry or continued stay in the strategically build and enhance the
country, or capabilities for HIV testing of hospitals,
○ the right to travel, clinics, laboratories, and other testing
○ the provision of medical service or centers primarily, by ensuring the training
any other kind of service, of competent personnel who will provide
○ or the continued enjoyment of said such services in said testing sites.
undertakings shall be deemed ➢ HIV Proficiency Testing Training→ 25, 000
unlawful.
Article 4: Health and Support Services
Section 17. Exception to the Prohibition on Section 22. Hospital-based Services
Compulsory Testing ➢ Persons with HIV/AIDS shall be afforded
➔ When a person is charged with any of the basic health services in all government
crimes punishable under the "Revised hospitals, without prejudice to optimum
Penal Code"or under Republic Act No. medical care which may be provided by
7659 special AIDS wards and hospitals.
➔ When the determination of the HIV status
Section 23. Community-based Services
is necessary to resolve the relevant issues
➢ Local government units, in coordination
under Executive Order No. 309,
and in cooperation with concerned
otherwise known as the "Family Code of
government agencies, non-government
the Philippines"
organizations, persons with HIV/AIDS and
➔ When complying with the provisions of
groups most at risk of HIV infection shall
Republic Act No. 7170, otherwise known
provide community-based HIV/AIDS
as the "Organ Donation Act" and
prevention and care services.
Republic Act No. 7719, otherwise known
as the "National Blood Services Act". Section 24. Livelihood Programs and
Trainings
Section 18. Anonymous HIV Testing
➢ Training for livelihood, self-help
➢ The State shall provide a mechanism for
cooperative programs shall be made
anonymous HIV testing and shall
accessible and available to all persons
guarantee anonymity and medical
with HIV/AIDS.
confidentiality in the conduct of such tests.
➢ Persons infected with HIV/AIDS shall not
Section 19. Accreditation of HIV Testing be deprived of full participation in any
Centers livelihood, self help and cooperative
➢ All testing centers, hospitals, clinics, and programs for the reason of their health
laboratories offering HIV testing services conditions.
are mandated to seek accreditation from
Section 25. Control of Sexually Transmitted
the Department of Health which shall set
Diseases
and maintain reasonable accreditation
➢ The Department of Health, in coordination
standards.
and in cooperation with concerned
Section 20. Pre-test and Post-test government agencies and
Counseling non-government organizations shall
➢ All testing centers, clinics, or laboratories pursue the prevention and control of
which perform any HIV test shall be
required to provide and conduct free

10
 sexually transmitted diseases to help employment, school attendance, freedom
contain the spread of HIV infection. of abode, or travel.

Section 26. Insurance for Persons with HIV Article 6: Confidentiality

● Study on the feasibility and viability of Section 30. Medical Confidentiality
setting up a package of insurance ● Strictly observe confidentiality in the
benefits. handling of all medical information,
● The study shall be guided by the principle particularly the identity and status of
that access to health insurance is part of persons with HIV.:
an individual's right to health and is the ○ all health professionals
responsibility of the State and of society ○ medical instructors
as a whole. ○ workers/ employers
○ recruitment agencies
Article 5: Monitoring ○ insurance companies
Section 27. Monitoring Program ○ data encoders
➢ A comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring ○ other custodians
program or "AIDSWATCH" shall be
established under the DOH to determine Section 31. Exceptions to the Mandate of
and monitor the magnitude and Confidentiality
progression of HIV infection in the Medical confidentiality shall not be considered
Philippines, and for the purpose of breached in the following cases:
evaluating the adequacy and efficacy of A. when complying with reportorial
the countermeasures being employed. requirements in conjunction with the
➢ Hotspots/ High Trends: AIDSWATCH programs provided in Sec.
○ Metro Manila 27 of this Act;
○ Cebu B. when informing other health workers
○ Laguna directly involved or about to be involved in
Section 28. Reporting Procedures the treatment or care of a person with
➢ All hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and HIV/AIDS: Provided, That such treatment
testing centers for HIV/AIDS shall adopt or care carry the risk of HIV transmission:
measures in assuring the reporting and Provided, further, That such workers shall
confidentiality of any medical record, be obliged to maintain the shared medical
personal data, file, including all data which confidentiality;
may be accessed from various data banks C. when responding to a subpoena duces
or information systems. tecum and subpoena ad testificandum
➢ The Department of Health through its issued by a Court with jurisdiction over a
AIDSWATCH monitoring program shall legal proceeding where the main issue is
receive, collate and evaluate all HIV/AIDS the HIV status of an individual: Provided,
related medical reports. That the confidential medical record shall
➢ The AIDSWATCH database shall utilize a be properly sealed by its lawful custodian
coding system that promotes client after being double-checked for accuracy
anonymity. by the head of the office or department,
hand delivered, and personally opened by
Section 29. Contact Tracing the judge: Provided, further, That the
➢ HIV/AIDS contact tracing and all other judicial proceedings be held in executive
related health intelligence activities may session.
be pursued by the Department of Health:
➢ Provided, That these do not run counter to Section 32. Release of HIV/AIDS
the general purpose of this Act: Test Results
➢ Provided, further, That any information All results of HIV/AIDS testing shall be
gathered shall remain confidential and confidential and shall be released only to the
classified, and can only be used for following persons:
statistical and monitoring purposes and A. the person who submitted himself/herself
not as basis or qualification for any to such test;

11
 B. either parent of a minor child who has Section 37. Restrictions on Travel and
been tested; Habitation
C. a legal guardian in the case of insane ➢ The freedom of abode, lodging and travel
persons or orphans; of a person with HIV shall not be abridged.
D. a person authorized to receive such No person shall be quarantined, placed in
results in conjunction with the isolation, or refused lawful entry into or
AIDSWATCH program as provided in Sec. deported from Philippine territory on
27 of this Act; account of his/her actual, perceived or
E. a justice of the Court of Appeals or the suspected HIV status.
Supreme Court, as provided under
Section 38. Inhibition from Public Service
subSec. (c) of this Act and in accordance
➢ The right to seek an elective or appointive
with the provision of Sec. 16 hereof.
public office shall not be denied to a
Section 33. Penalties for Violations of person with HIV.
Confidentiality
Section 39. Exclusion from Credit and
➢ Any violation of medical confidentiality as
Insurance Services
provided in Sections 30 and 32 of this Act
➢ All credit and loan services, including
shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment for
health, accident and life insurance shall
(6) months to (4) years, without prejudice
not be denied to a person on the basis of
to administrative sanctions such as fines
his/her actual, perceived or suspected HIV
and suspension or revocation of the
status: Provided, That the person with HIV
violator's license to practice his/her
has not concealed or misrepresented the
profession, as well as the cancellation or
fact to the insurance company upon
withdrawal of the license to operate any
application. Extension and continuation of
business entity and the accreditation of
credit and loan shall likewise not be
hospitals, laboratories or clinics
denied solely on the basis of said health
Section 34. Disclosure to Sexual Partners condition.
➢ Any person with HIV is obliged to
Section 40. Discrimination in Hospitals and
disclose his/her HIV status and health
Health Institutions
condition to his/her spouse or sexual
➢ No person shall be denied health care
partner at the earliest opportune time.
service or be charged with a higher fee on
Article 7: Discriminatory Acts and Policies account of actual, perceived or suspected
Section 35. Discrimination in the Workplace HIV status.
➢ Discrimination in any form from Section 41. Denial of Burial Services
pre-employment to post-employment, ➢ A deceased person who had AIDS or who
including hiring, promotion or assignment, was known, suspected or perceived to be
based on the actual, perceived or HIV-positive shall not be denied any kind
suspected HIV status of an individual is of decent burial services.
prohibited.
➢ Termination from work on the sole basis of Section 42. Penalties for Discriminatory
actual, perceived or suspected HIV status Acts and Policies
is deemed unlawful. ➢ All discriminatory acts and policies
referred to in this Act shall be punishable
Section 36. Discrimination in Schools with a penalty of imprisonment for (6)
➢ No educational institution shall refuse months to (4) years and a fine not
admission or expel, discipline, segregate, exceeding (P10,000.00).
deny participation, benefits or services to ➢ In addition, licenses/permits of schools,
a student or prospective student on the hospitals and other institutions found guilty
basis of his/her actual, perceived or of committing discriminatory acts and
suspected HIV status. policies described in this Act shall be
revoked.

12
 Article 8: Philippine National Aids Council agencies as the Council considers
Section 43. Establishment appropriate;
➢ The Philippine National AIDS Council ➔ (C) Develop a comprehensive long-term
(PNAC) created by virtue of Executive national HIV/AIDS prevention and control
Order No. 39 dated 3 December 1992 program and monitor its implementation;
shall be reconstituted and strengthened to ➔ (D) Coordinate the activities of and
enable the Council to oversee an strengthen working relationships between
integrated and comprehensive approach government and non-government
to HIV/AIDS prevention and control in the agencies involved in the campaign against
Philippines. HIV/AIDS;
➢ It shall be attached to the Department of ➔ (E) Coordinate and cooperate with foreign
Health. and international organizations regarding
data collection, research and treatment
Section 44. Functions modalities concerning HIV/AIDS; and
The Council shall be the central advisory, ➔ (F) Evaluate the adequacy of and make
planning and policy-making body for the recommendations regarding the utilization
comprehensive and integrated HIV/AIDS of national resources for the prevention
prevention and control program in the and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines.
Philippines. The Council shall perform the
following functions: Section 45. Membership and Composition
➔ (A) The Council shall be composed of
➔ (A) Secure from government agencies twenty-six (26) members as follows:
concerned recommendations on how their 1. The Secretary of the Department of
respective agencies could operationalize Health;
specific provisions of this Act. The Council 2. The Secretary of the Department of
shall integrate and coordinate such Education, Culture and Sports or his
recommendations and issue implementing representative;
rules and regulations of this Act. 3. The Chairperson of the Commission on
Higher Education or his representative;
The Council shall likewise ensure that there is
4. The Director-General of the Technical
adequate coverage of the following:
Education and Skills Development
1. The institution of a nationwide HIV/AIDS Authority or his representative;
information and education program; 5. The Secretary of the Department of Labor
2. The establishment of a comprehensive and Employment or his representative;
HIV/AIDS monitoring system; 6. The Secretary of the Department of Social
3. The issuance of guidelines on medical Welfare and Development or his
and other practices and procedures that representative;
carry the risk of HIV transmission; 7. The Secretary of the Department of the
4. The provision of accessible and affordable Interior and Local Government or his
HIV testing and counseling services to representative;
those who are in need of it; 8. The Secretary of the Department of
5. The provision of acceptable health and Justice or his representative;
support services for persons with 9. The Director-General of the National
HIV/AIDS in hospitals and in communities; Economic and Development Authority or
6. The protection and promotion of the rights his representative;
of individuals with HIV; and 10. The Secretary of the Department of
7. The strict observance of medical Tourism or his representative;
confidentiality 11. The Secretary of the Department of
Budget and Management or his
representative;
➔ (B) Monitor the implementation of the rules 12. The Secretary of the Department of
and regulations of this Act, issue or cause Foreign Affairs or his representative;
the issuance of orders or make 13. The Head of the Philippine Information
recommendations to the implementing Agency or his representative;

13
14. The President of the League of Governors activities and accomplishments of the
or his representative; Council.
15. The President of the League of City ➢ Such annual reports shall contain
Mayors or his representative; assessments and evaluation of
16. The Chairperson of the Committee on intervention programs, plans and
Health of the Senate of the Philippines or strategies for the medium- and long-term
his representative; prevention and control program on
17. The Chairperson of the Committee on HIV/AIDS in the Philippines.
Health of the House of Representatives or
Section 47. Creation of Special HIV/AIDS
his representative;
Prevention and Control Service
18. Two (2) representatives from
➢ There shall be created in the Department
organizations of medical/health
of Health a Special HIV/AIDS Prevention
professionals;
and Control Service staffed by qualified
19. Six (6) representatives from
medical specialists and support staff with
non-government organizations involved in
permanent appointment and supported
HIV/AIDS prevention and control efforts or
with an adequate yearly budget.
activities; and
➢ It shall implement programs on HIV/AIDS
20. A representative of an organization of
prevention and control.
persons dealing with HIV/AIDS.
➢ In addition, it shall also serve as the
secretariat of the Council.

➔ (B) To the greatest extent possible, Section 48. Appropriations

appointment to the Council must ensure ➢ The amount of Twenty million pesos
sufficient and discernible representation (P20,000,000.00) shall be initially
from the fields of medicine, education, appropriated out of the funds of the
health care, law, labor, ethics and social National Treasury.
services; ➢ Subsequent appropriations shall be
➔ (C) All members of the Council shall be provided by Congress in the annual
appointed by the President of the Republic budget of the Department of Health under
of the Philippines, except for the the General Appropriations Act.
representatives of the Senate and the
Article 9: Miscellaneous Provisions
House of Representatives, who shall be
Section 49. Implementing Rules and
appointed by the Senate President and
Regulations
the House Speaker, respectively;
➢ Within (6) months after it is fully
➔ (D) The members of the Council shall be
reconstituted, the Council shall formulate
appointed not later than (30) days after
and issue the appropriate rules and
the date of the enactment of this Act;
regulations necessary for the
➔ (E) The Secretary of Health shall be the
implementation of this Act.
permanent chairperson of the Council;
however, the vice-chairperson shall be Section 50. Separability Clause
elected by its members from among ➢ If any provision of this Act is declared
themselves, and shall serve for a term of invalid, the remainder of this Act or any
(2) years; and provision not affected thereby shall remain
➔ (F) For members representing in force and effect.
medical/health professional groups and
the (6) non-government organizations, Section 51. Repealing Clause
they shall serve for a term of (2) years, ➢ All laws, presidential decrees, executive
renewable upon recommendation of the orders and their implementing rules
Council. inconsistent with the provisions of this Act
are hereby repealed, amended or
Section 46. Reports modified accordingly.
➢ The Council shall submit to the President
and to both Houses of Congress
comprehensive annual reports on the

14
 Section 52. Effectivity
➢ This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days
after its publication in at least two (2)
national newspapers of general
circulation.
➢ Approved: February 13, 1998

15
 Summary: RA 8504 ❖ Section 26. Insurance for Persons with
Total of: 9 Articles; 52 Sections HIV
❖ Section 1. Title
❖ Section 2. Declaration of Policies Article 5: Monitoring
❖ Section 3. Definition of Terms ❖ Section 27. Monitoring Program
❖ Section 28. Reporting Procedures
Article 1: Education and Information ❖ Section 29. Contact Tracing
❖ Section 4. HIV/AIDS Education in
Schools Article 6: Confidentiality
❖ Section 5. HIV/AIDS Information as a ❖ Section 30. Medical Confidentiality
Health Service ❖ Section 31. Exceptions to the Mandate
❖ Section 6. HIV/AIDS Education in the of Confidentiality
Workplace ❖ Section 32. Release of HIV/AIDS Test
❖ Section 7. HIV/AIDS Education for Results
Filipinos Going Abroad ❖ Section 33. Penalties for Violations of
❖ Section 8. Information Campaign for Confidentiality
Tourists and Transients ❖ Section 34. Disclosure to Sexual
❖ Section 9. HIV/AIDS Education in Partners
Communities
Article 7: Discriminatory Acts and Policies
❖ Section 10. Information on
❖ Section 35. Discrimination in the
Prophylactics
Workplace
❖ Section 11. Penalties for Misleading
❖ Section 36. Discrimination in Schools
Information
❖ Section 37. Restrictions on Travel and
Article 2: Safe Practices and Procedures Habitation
❖ Section 12. Requirement on the ❖ Section 38. Inhibition from Public
Donation of Blood, Tissue, or Organ Service
❖ Section 13. Guidelines on Surgical and ❖ Section 39. Exclusion from Credit and
Similar Procedures Insurance Services
❖ Section 14. Penalties for Unsafe ❖ Section 40. Discrimination in Hospitals
Practices and Procedures and Health Institutions
❖ Section 41. Denial of Burial Services
Article 3: Testing Screening and Counseling ❖ Section 42. Penalties for Discriminatory
❖ Section 15. Consent as a Requisite for Acts and Policies
HIV Testing
❖ Section 16. Prohibitions on Article 8: Philippine National Aids Council
Compulsory HIV Testing ❖ Section 43. Establishment
❖ Section 17. Exception to the Prohibition ❖ Section 44. Functions
on Compulsory Testing ❖ Section 45. Membership and
❖ Section 18. Anonymous HIV Testing Composition
❖ Section 19. Accreditation of HIV Testing ❖ Section 46. Reports
Centers ❖ Section 47. Creation of Special
❖ Section 20. Pre-test and Post-test HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control
❖ Counseling Service
❖ Section 21. Support for HIV ❖ Section 48. Appropriations
❖ Testing Centers
Article 9: Miscellaneous Provisions
Article 4: Health and Support Services ❖ Section 49. Implementing Rules and
❖ Section 22. Hospital-based Services Regulations
❖ Section 23. Community-based Services ❖ Section 50. Separability Clause
❖ Section 24. Livelihood Programs and ❖ Section 51. Repealing Clause
Trainings ❖ Section 52. Effectivity
❖ Section 25. Control of Sexually
Transmitted Diseases

16
 Lesson 4: Republic Act No. 7170 ◆ any of its subdivisions,
➔ An act authorizing the legacy or donation ◆ agencies
of all or part of a human body after death ◆ or instrumentalities,
for specified purposes. ◆ including government-owned
➔ It was approved on January 7, 1992 ➔ or -controlled corporations;
➔ It consists of 19 Sections ➔ or any other legal entity.
Section 1. Title (h) "Physician" or "Surgeon"
➢ This Act shall be known as the "Organ
Donation Act of 1991". ➔ a physician or surgeon licensed or
authorized to practice medicine under
*1992 was the approval year but the title is the laws of the Republic of the Philippines.
dated 1991*
(i) "Immediate Family" of the decedent
Section 2. Definition of Terms
As used in this Act the following ➔ the persons enumerated in Section 4(a) of
terms shall mean: this Act.
(a) "Organ Bank Storage Facility" (j) "Death"
➔ a facility licensed, accredited or approved ➔ the irreversible cessation of circulatory
under the law for storage of human and respiratory functions or the
bodies or parts thereof. irreversible cessation of all functions of the
(b) "Decedent" entire brain, including the brain stem. A
person shall be medically and legally dead
➔ a deceased individual, and includes a if either
still-born infant or fetus. ◆ (1) In the opinion of the attending
physician, based on the acceptable
(c) "Testator"
standards of medical practice,
➔ an individual who makes a legacy of all or there is an absence of natural
part of his body. respiratory and cardiac
functions and attempts at
(d) "Donor"
resuscitation would not be
➔ an individual authorized under this act to successful in restoring those
donate all or part of the body of a functions.
decedent. ◆ (2) In the opinion of the consulting
physician, concurred in by the
(e) "Hospital" attending physician, that on the
➔ a hospital licensed, accredited or basis of acceptable standards of
approved under the law, and includes a medical practice, there is an
hospital operated by the Government. irreversible cessation of all brain
functions; and considering the
(f) "Part" absence of such functions, further
attempts at resuscitation or
➔ includes transplantable organs, tissues,
continued supportive maintenance
eyes, bones, arteries, blood, other fluids
would not be successful in
and other portions of the human body.
restoring such natural functions.
(g) "Person"
Section 3. Person Who May
➔ an individual, Execute A Legacy (TESTATOR)
➔ corporation, ➢ Any individual,
➔ estate, ➢ at least eighteen (18) years of age
➔ trust, ➢ and of sound mind,
➔ partnership, ➢ may give by way of legacy, to take effect
➔ association, after his death, all or part of his body for
➔ the Government or any purpose specified in Section 6 hereof.

17
 Section 4. Person Who ➔ research,
May Execute a Donation (DONOR) ➔ advancement of medical or dental
➢ (a) Any of the following, person, in the science,
order of property stated – hereunder, in ➔ or therapy;
the absence of actual notice of contrary
(c) Any organ bank storage facility
intentions by the decedent or actual
notice of opposition by a member of ➔ For medical or dental education,
the immediate family of the decedent, ➔ research,
may donate all or any part of the ➔ therapy,
decedent's body for any purpose specified ➔ or transplantation;
in Section 6 hereof:
○ (1) Spouse; (d) Any specified individual
○ (2) Son or daughter of legal age; ➔ For therapy or transplantation needed by
○ (3) Either parent; him.
○ (4) Brother or sister of legal age;
or Section 7. Duty of Hospitals
○ (5) Guardian over the person of ➢ A hospital authorized to receive organ
the decedent at the time of his donations or to conduct transplantation
death shall train qualified personnel and their
➢ (b) The persons authorized by subsection staff to handle the task of introducing
(a) of this Section may make the donation the organ donation program in a
after or immediately before death. humane and delicate manner to the
relatives of the donor-decedent
Section 5. Examination of Human enumerated in Section 4 hereof.
Body or Part Thereof ➢ The hospital shall accomplish the
➢ A legacy of donation of all or part of a necessary form or document as proof of
human body authorizes any examination compliance with the above requirement.
necessary to assure medical
acceptability of the legacy or donation Section 8. Manner of Executing a Legacy
for the purpose(s) intended. (a) Legacy of all or part of the human body
➢ For purposes of this Act, an autopsy may be made by will.
shall be conducted on the cadaver of
➔ The legacy becomes effective upon the
accident, trauma, or other medico-legal
death of the testator without waiting for
cases immediately after the
probate of the will.
pronouncement of death, to determine
➔ If the will is not probated, or if it is declared
qualified and healthy human organs for
invalid for testamentary purposes, the
transplantation and/or in furtherance of
legacy, to the extent that it was executed
medical science.
in good faith, is nevertheless valid and
Section 6. Persons Who May Become effective.
Legatees or Donees
(b) A legacy of all or part of the human body
The following persons may become legatees
under Section 3 hereof may also be made in
or donees of human bodies or parts thereof
any document other than a will.
for any of the purposes stated hereunder:
(a) Any hospital, physician or surgeon ➔ The legacy becomes effective upon death
➔ For medical or dental education, of the testator and shall be respected by
➔ research, and binding upon his:
➔ advancement of medical or dental ◆ executor
science, ◆ or administrator,
➔ therapy or transplantation; ◆ heirs,
◆ assigns,
(b) Any accredited medical or dental school, ◆ successors-in-interest
college or university ◆ and all members of the family.
➔ For education,

18
 ➔ The document, which may be a card or hospital for this purpose has exerted
any paper designed to be carried on a reasonable efforts, within (48) hours, to
person, must be signed by the testator in locate the nearest relative listed in
the presence of two witnesses who must Section 4 hereof or guardian of the
sign the document in his presence. decedent at the time of death.
➢ In all donations, the death of a person
(c) The legacy may be made to a specified
from whose body an organ will be
legatee or without specifying a legatee.
removed after his death for the purpose of
➔ If the legacy is made to a specific legatee transplantation to a living person, shall be
who is not available at the time and place diagnosed separately and certified by (2)
of the testator's death, the attending qualified physicians neither of whom
physician or surgeon, in the absence of should be:
any expressed indication that the testator ○ (a) A member of the team of
desired otherwise, may accept the legacy medical practitioners who will
as legatee. effect the removal of the organ
➔ If the legacy does not specify a legatee, from the body; nor
the legacy may be accepted by the ○ (b) The physician attending to the
attending physician or surgeon as legatee receipt of the organ to be removed;
upon or following the testator's death. nor
➔ The physician who becomes a legatee ○ (c) The head of hospital or the
under this subsection shall not designated officer authorizing the
participate in the procedures for removing removal of the organ. To avoid
or transplanting a part or parts of the body conflict of interest.
of the decedent. To avoid conflict of
interest. Section 10. Person(s) Authorized to Remove
Transplantable Organs
(d) The testator may designate in his will, card ➢ Only authorized medical practitioners in
or other document, the surgeon or physician a hospital shall remove and/or transplant
who will carry out the appropriate procedures. any organ which is authorized to be
➔ In the absence of a designation, or if the removed and/or transplanted pursuant to
designee is not available, the legatee or Section 5 hereof.
other persons authorized to accept the Section 11. Delivery of Document of Legacy or
legacy may authorize any surgeon or Donation
physician for the purpose. ➢ If the legacy or donation is made to a
Section 9. Manner of Executing a Donation specified legatee or donee, the will, card
➢ In the absence of any of the persons or other document, or an executed copy
specified under Section 4 hereof and in thereof, may be delivered by the testator
the absence of any document of organ or donor, or is authorized representative,
donation, to the legatee or donee to expedite the
○ the physician in charge of the appropriate procedures immediately after
patient, death.
○ the head of the hospital or ➢ The will, card or other document, or an
○ a designated officer of the hospital executed copy thereof, may be deposited
who has custody of the body of the in any hospital or organ bank storage
deceased classified as: accident, facility that accepts it for safekeeping or
trauma, or other medico-legal for facilitation or procedures after death.
cases, may authorize in a public
document the removal from such
body for the purpose of
transplantation of the organ to the
body of a living person:
➢ Provided, that the physician, head of
hospital or officer designated by the

19
 Section 12. Amendment or Revocation of (b) Any person who acts in good faith in
Legacy or Donation accordance with the terms of this Act shall not
a) If he will, card or other document, or an be liable for damages in any civil action or
executed copy thereof, has been delivered to subject to prosecution in any criminal
a specific legatee or donee, the testator or proceeding of this Act.
donor may amend or revoke the legacy or
Section 14. International Sharing of Human
donation either by:
Organs or Tissues
● (1) The execution and delivery to the ➢ Sharing of human organs or tissues shall
legatee or donee of a signed statement to be made only through exchange
that effect; or programs duly approved by the
● (2) An oral statement to that effect made Department of Health:
in the presence of two other persons and ➢ Provided that foreign organ or tissue bank
communicated to the legatee or donee; or storage facilities and similar
● (3) A statement to that effect during a establishments grant reciprocal rights to
terminal illness or injury addressed to an their Philippine counterparts to draw
attending physician and communicated to organs or tissues at any time.
the legatee or donee; or
Section 15. Information Drive
● (4) A signed card or document to that
➢ In order that the public will obtain the
effect found on the person or effects of the
maximum benefits from this Act, the
testator or donor.
Department of Health, in cooperation with
b) Any will, card or other document, or an institutions, such as the:
executed copy thereof, which has not been ○ National Kidney Institute,
delivered to the legatee or donee may be ○ civic and non-government health
revoked by the testator or donor in the organizations
manner provided in subsection (a) of this ○ and other health related agencies,
Section or by destruction, cancellation or involved in the donation and
mutilation of the document and all executed transplantation of human organs,
copies thereof. shall undertake a public
information program.
➔ Any legacy made by a will may also be
amended or revoked in the manner Section 16. Rules and Regulations
provided for amendment or revocation of ➢ The Secretary of Health, after
wills, or as provided in subsection (a) of consultation with all health professionals,
this Section. both government and private, and
non-government health organizations shall
Section 13. Rights and Duties After Death
promulgate such rules and regulations as
(a) The legatee or donee may accept or reject
may be necessary or proper to implement
the legacy or donation as the case may be.
this Act.
➢ If the legacy of donation is of a part of the
Section 17: Repealing Clause
body, the legatee or donee, upon the
death of the testator and prior to
embalming, shall effect the removal of Section 18: Separability Clause
the part, avoiding unnecessary
mutilation.
Section 19. Effectivity
➢ After removal of the part, custody of the
➢ This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15)
remainder of the body vests in the
days following its publication in the Official
surviving spouse, next of kin or other
Gazette or at least two (2) newspapers of
persons under obligation to dispose of the
general circulation.
body of the decedent.
➢ Approved: January 7, 1992

20
 Summary: RA 7170
Total of 19 Sections:
❖ Section 1. Title
❖ Section 2. Definition of Terms
❖ Section 3. Person Who May Execute A
Legacy
❖ Section 4. Person Who May Execute a
Donation
❖ Section 5. Examination of Human Body
or Part Thereof
❖ Section 6. Persons Who May Become
Legatees or Donees
❖ Section 7. Duty of Hospitals
❖ Section 8. Manner of Executing a
Legacy
❖ Section 9. Manner of Executing a
Donation
❖ Section 10. Person(s) Authorized to
Remove Transplantable Organs
❖ Section 11. Delivery of Document of
Legacy or Donation
❖ Section 12. Amendment or Revocation
of Legacy or Donation
❖ Section 13. Rights and Duties After
Death
❖ Section 14. International Sharing of
Human Organs or Tissues
❖ Section 15. Information Drive
❖ Section 16. Rules and Regulations
❖ Section 17: Repealing Clause
❖ Section 18: Separability Clause
❖ Section 19. Effectivity

21
Medical Technology Laws & Bioethics
Our Lady of Fatima University – Pampanga
College of Medical Laboratory Science

FINALS
Program goals:

Lesson 1: CMO 13 S. 2017 ➔ develop skills necessary to perform clinical

● Approved on May 8, 2017 procedures
● 8 articles, 26 sections ➔ develop professional attitude
● Chairperson upon the approval:
○ Patricia B. Licuanan, PhD Specific Professions:
● Academic Year 2018-2019 (up to present) ● RMT
● CMO means CHED MEMORANDUM ● Molecular Scientists
ORDER ● Research Scientist
● Educator (Masteral’s degree)
Article 1: Introduction
● Product Specialist
Section 1: Rationale
➢ PSG (Policies, Standards and Allied Medical Fields:
Guidelines) implements the Shift to
learning competency based standards/ ● Health practitioner
outcomes based education. ● Health promotion officer (DOH/ NGO)
● Molecular Biology
Article 2: Authority to Operate ● Nuclear Medicine
Section 2: Government Recognition ● Forensics Science
➢ All PHEI’s (Philippine Higher Education
Section 6: Program Outcomes
Institutions) intending and currently
● “Competency”
offering BSMT/BSMLS should likewise
strictly adhere to the provisions of these Section 7: Performance Indicators
policies and standards. ● “Competency”
Article 3: General Provisions Article 5: Curriculum
Sections 3-4 ● Sections 8-12
➢ As per Section 13 of RA 7722, the Higher
Education Institutions shall exercise Section 8: Curriculum Description
academic freedom in its curricular —-
offerings but must comply with the
Section 9: Minimum Curriculum
minimum requirements for specific
➔ 173 units (minimum)
academic programs.
➢ If the institution wants to add subjects, it is Laboratory contact hours:
fine as long as they meet the minimum
requirements for specific academic ➔ 1st - 3rd year : 1728 hours
programs. ➔ Internship : 1664 hours
◆ 32 hours/week to complete the 1664
Article 4: Program Specification hours internship
● Sections 5-7 ● 1st option:
○ 2- eight (8) hours of
Section 5: Program Description internship
Degree Name: ○ 1- sixteen (16) hours of
➔ BSMT/BSMLS internship
● 2nd option:
Nature of Field: ○ 4- eight (8) hours of
internship
➔ consist of 4yr course;
➔ *Intern shall not be assigned on 24
◆ 3 yrs academic
hours duty*
◆ 1 yr internship

1
 ➔ One day-off per week and one more day ○ Philippine Association of
for the MT assessment program and Schools of Medical Technology
seminar. and Public Health,
Inc.(PASMETH)
Section 10: Sample Curriculum Map
● No teaching assignment in other HEIs
● I- Introduction
○ basic concepts Section 14: Faculty
● P- Practice ● RMT
○ concept, ● Master’s degree
○ principles, ● 1 year clinical experience
○ application ● 3 preparations per semester
● D- Demonstrate ● Full time status in only one HEI
○ combination of: introduction, ● Member of PAMET
practice and skills acquisition
Section 15: Library
Section 11: Sample means of curriculum ➔ per subject there should be atleast 5
delivery minimum reference books
◆ 1 major/mother book
◆ 4 supplemental
Section 12: Sample Course Plan
➔ if it doesn’t reach the minimum books, the
Must Include:
school will be reported “non-compliant”
● Learning outcomes
● Content Section 16: Laboratory and Facilities
● Teaching-learning activities Ratio
● Assessment ● Lecture : 1:40
● Tool ○ 1 teacher : 40 students (standard)
● Resources ● Laboratory: 1:20
Details per subject: ○ 1 teacher : 20 students
○ Faculty assistant will compensate
● Course Description the other students
● Course Credit
● Contact Hours Classroom Requirement
● Prerequisite ● Laboratory: 1 sqm per 1-2 students
○ a course that a student must have ● 20 students = 20 sqm
taken prior to enrolling in a specific
subject Article 7: Compliance of HEI
● Placement ● Section 17-22
○ year or semester ● The CHED will conduct continuously to
● Course Intended Learning Outcome monitor and evaluate all HEI offering
BSMLS
Article 6: Required Resources
Section 17: The complete set of program
● Sections 13-16
outcomes, including its proposed additional
Section 13: Administration program outcomes.
➢ head of the program
○ Dean Section 18: The proposed curriculum and its
Qualifications for the Dean/head : justification including a curriculum map

● Filipino Citizen
● good moral character Section 19: Proposed performance indicators
● RMT for each outcome and proposed measurement
● Master’s Degree system for the level of attainment of each
● 5 years satisfactory teaching experience indicator
● 2yrs experience in managerial/supervisory
● Active member of PAMET or PASMETH

2
 Section 20: Proposed outcomes based *Based on the total number of passer divided by
learning plan for each course the total number of takers (first time takers only)*

Effective Academic Year 2018-2019 and yearly

Section 21: Proposed system of program thereafter, higher education institutions
assessment and evaluation offering MT/MLS program subjected to joint
CHED-PRC monitoring and evaluation shall be
accorded sanctions based on the following:
Section 22: Proposed system of program
continuous quality improvement
Non-Compliance with Action/s
Areas of Evaluation in
PSG
Article 8: Transitory, Repealing and Effectivity
Provisions Warning
Section 23: Transitory Provision
➢ 3 years period to fully comply with all the 1 area Joint CHED-PRC
requirements in this CMO Monitoring visit yearly

Section 24: Sanctions Phase-out if

➢ 3 year consolidated licensure examination non-compliant after
➢ Outcome of the monitoring visits the third visit

Sanctions: Probation

➔ Low board exam rating 2 areas Revisit every six

➔ Non-compliance months
Effective Academic Year 2018-2019 and yearly Phase-out if
thereafter, higher education institutions non-compliant on the
offering MT/MLS program whose average second visit
passing percentage in the MTLE in 30% and
below for the past three consecutive years Phase Out Program
(2015, 2016, 2017) shall be accorded sanctions
based on the following: More than 2 areas Stop admissions with
gradual phase out
Overall MTLE Action/s
Performance (Passing
Average) Attachments
Appendix A: General Guidelines for medical
Warning technology internship program.
Article 4: Requirements
30% Joint CHED-PRC
Monitoring visit in one ➢ Completed all the course requirements for
year the first 3 yrs.
➢ Physical and laboratory examinations:
Probation ○ CBC
○ Urinalysis
29 - 21% Joint CHED-PRC ○ Fecalysis
Monitoring visit in six ○ Drug testing
months ○ HbsAg and anti-Hbs
○ Chest x-ray
Phase Out Program ○ Sputum microscopy

Appendix A
20% and below Stop admissions with
Article 5: General rules
gradual phase out
Subject Hours

3
 ○Unexcused: 2 days makeup duty
Clinical Chemistry 300
○20% of the total internship hours
Clinical Microscopy and 200 ■ per section = repeat section
Parasitology ■ per hospital rotation =
repeat internship
Microbiology 250 ➢ Leave of absence
○ Interns intending to file LOA must
Hematology 300
do so at least 3 days prior to the
Blood Banking 200 start of internship.

Minor Offense
Histopathologic Technique and 100
Disciplinary Offenses
Cytology
➢ This refers to the offenses committed by
Immunology and Serology 220 the interns in relation to Section 2
Laboratory Management 54 (attendance and punctuality).
(collecting, handling, transport, and ➢ Sanctions are given in terms of make up
receiving of specimen, quality duty/duties.
assurance, safety and waste Academic Offenses
management)
➢ This refers to the offenses committed by
Phlebotomy 40 the interns in the pre-analytical, analytical,
and post-analytical phases of laboratory
Total 1664 Hours
work.
➢ The sanctions against offenses related to
training shall not be in the form of demerits
➔ 1664 hours
or make ups but reflected in the
➔ Affiliation fee
performance evaluation.
◆ not more than 600 (ceiling) per
➢ The laboratory workload is the
intern per month
responsibility of a registered medical
◆ 50% hospital; 50% training officer
technologist.
Appendix A ➢ The students shall be trained and
Article 6: Duties/ responsibilities of a clinical supervised by the registered medical
instructor/intern coordinator/clinical technologist/s and under no
coordinator circumstances should the workload be
turned over to the interns (CMO Number
➢ 1 CI : 25 Interns
06-2008).
○ monitor the interns
➢ For any technical offense or deficiency
Article 7: Duties and responsibilities of interns committed by the intern under the active
supervision of a registered medical
➢ Interns must report at least 15mins before technologist/ medical laboratory scientist,
the start of duty the former shall not be held legally liable.
➢ OUT of POST within lab:
○ 2hrs makeup duty Major Offense
➢ OUT of POST Outside the hospital: ➢ The following are categorized as major
○ 3 days makeup duty offense and sanctions shall be determined
➢ Tardiness: by the training center and the institutions:
○ 3 consecutive = 1 day unexcused ○ dishonesty in any form
absence ■ forgery
○ 60 minutes accumulated = 1 day ■ falsification of
makeup duty documents,etc
○ Habitual tardiness = conference or ○ alcohol intoxication
suspension ○ inflicting injuries
➢ Absences ○ carrying deadly weapon/s
○ Excused : 1 day make-up duty

4
 ○ possession/ use of prohibited
drugs
○ sexual harassment
○ vandalism
○ deliberate destruction of hospital
property
○ gambling
○ stealing
○ moral turpitude

Appendix B: Minimum requirements for

laboratory instruments and supplies

5
Sample Learning Outcome Sample Course Plan:

6
 Summary: CMO 13 S. 2017
Total of: 8 articles, 26 sections

Article 1: Introduction
❖ Section 1: Rationale
Article 2: Authority to Operate
❖ Section 2: Government Recognition
Article 3: General Provisions
❖ Sections 3-4

Article 4: Program Specification

❖ Section 5: Program Description
❖ Section 6: Program Outcomes
❖ Section 7: Performance Indicators
Article 5: Curriculum
❖ Section 8: Curriculum Description
❖ Section 9: Minimum Curriculum
❖ Section 10: Sample Curriculum Map
❖ Section 11: Sample means of
curriculum delivery
❖ Section 12: Sample Course Plan
Article 6: Required Resources
❖ Section 13: Administration
❖ Section 14: Faculty
❖ Section 15: Library
❖ Section 16: Laboratory and Facilities
Article 7: Compliance of HEI
❖ Section 17: The complete set of
program outcomes, including its
proposed additional program
outcomes.
❖ Section 18: The proposed curriculum
and its justification including a
curriculum map
❖ Section 19: Proposed performance
indicators for each outcome and
proposed measurement system for the
level of attainment of each indicator
❖ Section 20: Proposed outcomes based
learning plan for each course
❖ Section 21: Proposed system of
program assessment and evaluation
❖ Section 22: Proposed system of
program continuous quality
improvement
Article 8: Transitory, Repealing and Effectivity
Provisions
❖ Section 23: Transitory Provision
❖ Section 24: Sanctions
❖ Section 25: Repealing Clause
❖ Section 26: Effectivity Clause

7
 Lesson 2: Bioethics Totality
➢ Comes from the Greek word ➢ Pertains to the Whole Body
○ BIOS → Life ○ Every person has the duty to
○ ETHOS → Custom develop, use, care for and
➢ Is the application of the principles of ethics preserve all her body parts.
to the field of medicine and healthcare. ➢ It also suggests that if there are non
➢ Is an applied ethics particular to the ethics functioning body parts. The individual has
of life. the right to cut off or mutilate any defect.
➢ Concerned with ethical issues arises in ➢ Example: Organ donation and
biotechnology and medicine. transplantation
Ethical Issues
Solidarity
● Euthanasia
➢ Being one with the other
○ physician-assisted suicide
➢ Health care professionals should be one
● Abortion
with their patients or clients
● Suicide
➢ Equality
● Human cloning
● Allocation of healthcare resources Respect for Person
● Contraception ➢ Every person has the responsibility to treat
● Genetic engineering persons always as an end and never as
● Organ donation and transplantation a means.
● Artificial insemination ➢ Recognition of equality in every human
○ a doctor inserts sperm directly into being.
a woman's cervix, fallopian tubes, ➢ Best practice in the principle of free and
or uterus informed consent.
Ethical Theories Non Maleficence and Beneficence
❖ Utilitarian ethics Non Maleficence
❖ Kantian ethics
❖ Christian ethics ➔ Is the non infliction of evil, harm, or injury
❖ Pragmatic ethics to others and, of course, to one’s self.

Core Bioethical Principles Beneficence

1. Stewardship
➔ Is the practice of doing acts of goodness,
2. Totality
kindness and charity.
3. Solidarity
4. Respect for person Justice
5. Non maleficence ➢ Is giving one what is deserved and what is
6. Beneficence due.
7. Justice
8. Autonomy Autonomy
➢ The right of every person to have control
Stewardship over their lives and decisions regarding
➢ Principle in Christian ethics that human life their care.
comes from God and no individual is the ➢ Basis of informed consent which has
master of his/her own body. become a core concept in modern medical
➢ God gave life, he alone has the right to practice.
take it away. ➢ Counterpart of Stewardship.
➢ Human responsibility is to protect and
Lessons
cultivate spiritually and body functions.
➢ Every human person has an inner worth
➢ We are just a steward and our goal is to
and dignity.
take care of our body.
➢ Every person possesses these
➢ Example: Suicide
characteristics not because of what she

8
 does or as but because of what she is as
a human.
➢ Decisions about health must aim at the
maximum integrated satisfaction of
one’s needs:
○ biologically
○ psychologically
○ socially
○ spiritually
➢ In the medical field we want the best for
the patients.

9
Lesson 3: Ethics as Practical Science and 7. Public interest
virtues of Health Care Provider ➔ one of the priority, good and the
Ethics best or right decision, public
➔ A branch of moral philosophy that deals with welfare
the institution of ethical reasoning in the
execution of human conduct. Health Care Providers
➔ There are basis before you decide, before 1. They attend the needs of the people in the
you think what is right or what is good about community.
the situation. 2. They provide notable services at any time of
➔ It covers the principles of: the day, especially in emergency situations.
◆ Defending 3. Ironically, sometimes these healthcare
● principle of placing justice for providers have no time for themselves and
the things that is done, and the family.
services rendered Rights and Responsibilities of Health Care
◆ Systematizing Providers:
● manner of putting all actions in a Rights of Health Care Providers:
particular or proper order
◆ Remodeling 1. Be treated with respect as a person.
● reshaping the spear of 2. Be involved in whatever care they need.
goodness or righteousness 3. Have privacy and confidentiality of
(what is good) personal information.
◆ Interconnecting 4. Have a compensation that is just and fair,
● internalized the actions that is transparent and accessible.
already done, meditate, evaluate 5. Have equal access to due process and
and relate it to the future opportunities.

Components of Ethics Responsibilities of Health Care Providers:

1. Rules 6. Respect the rights of the patients.
➔ follow laws and orders 7. Solicit informed consent from patient
➔ it must be followed 8. Provide first aid in case of emergency
➔ there will be penalties if it is not 9. Provide seamless continuum care
followed 10. Deliver services effectively and
2. Standards efficiently
➔ being observed in the family, 11. Render services within the required
community, country, or given number of hours.
geographic area
➔ if the standards is against one’s Professional Ethics
belief it’s fine if it it is not followed ➢ Professional ethics applies to the
3. Principles workplace and professionals.
➔ serves as the foundation of belief ➢ Professionals act according to certain
behavior and reasoning standards of behavior.
4. Judgment
➔ learn code of conducts Medical Technology Code of Ethics
5. Common sense Ethics 1:
➔ application of what the conscious ➔ A registered medical technologist must
mind dictates whether the action accept the responsibility of upholding the
is right of wrong laws in line with the profession.
6. Values
➔ Latin word “Valere” means having Ethics 2:
worth or being worthy
➔ A registered medical technologist must
work harmoniously with other health
workers.

10
Ethics 3:

➔ A medical technologist must adopt the

ethical value of fairness with fellow
medical technologists in the delivery of
laboratory services.

Ethics 4:

➔ A registered medical technologist must

have full confidence in showing
competency in laboratory work.

Ethics 5:

➔ A registered medical technologist must

share knowledge and contribution to
professional organizations and in the field
of scientific research.

Ethics 6:

➔ A registered medical technologist must

honor his/her responsibilities to the
professions and relationships with
colleagues, students, and members of the
other professions and disciplines.

Ethics 7:

➔ A registered medical technologist must

take his/her responsibility to hold
paramount the welfare of persons he/she
serves professionally or who are
participants in research and scholarly
activities, and he/she shall treat animals
involved in research in a humane manner.

Ethics 8:

➔ A registered medical technologist must

honor the dignity of the profession and
professional organization.

Ethics 9:

➔ A registered medical technologist must

maintain professionalism at all times.

11