Summer Training Report (Aug-Dec 2015)

Place of Training: Cranes Varsity, Bangalore, Karnataka.

Period of Training: 19 June - 18 August, 2015

Submitted to
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Summer Training In-charge at TINJRIT: Ms. Rainy Chaplot

By

SWARNIMA DHAKAR
(Batch 2012-2016)
Branch: Electronics & Communication Engineering
Roll No.: 12ETCEC024

Techno India NJR Institute of Technology

Plot-T, Bhamashah (RIICO) Industrial Area, Kaladwas,
Udaipur – 313001, Rajasthan

(i)
Certificate I

(ii)
Certificate II

This is to certify that Ms. SWARNIMA DHAKAR, Bachelor of Electronics & Communication Engineering
has successfully completed her Summer Training on the Embedded System Design (ARM7 Architecture
Programming and GPOS & Shell Scripting) from Crane Varsity Bangalore, Karnataka as partial fulfillment of
Bachelor of Engineering ECE. The Summer Training Report, Presentation and Project are genuine work done
by her and the same is being submitted for evaluation.

Signature

Prof. Pradeep C.
HOD ECE and Director of Research & New Initiative

(iii)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT’s

I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide PROF. Pradeep
Chhawchharia (Head of Electronics & Communication Department and Director of Research & New
initiatives) for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of the
training. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey
of life on which I am about to embark.
I specially take the opportunity to thank our coordinator Mr. Vivek Jain, Ms. Rainy Chaplot, Mr.
Yogendra Singh Solanki for their valuable information and guidance which helped me in completing this task
through various stages. I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to all my teachers of
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department for their coordinal support.
I am obliged to the staff members of the Cranes Varsity Mohd. Sikander Sir, Mr. Manoj Sir, Mr.
Harsha Sarthi, Mr. Aaditya Sir for the valuable information provided by them in their respective fields. I am
grateful for their corporation provided by them during my training period.
I am thankful to the almighty and my parents for their moral support and my friends with whom I shared my
day-to-day experience and received lots of suggestions that improved my quality of work.

CONTENTS
Certificate I………………….......…………………………………….......………… i
Certificate II………………….......…………………………………….......………… ii

(iv)
Acknowledgements………………….......…………………….......………………… iii
List of Tables………………………………………………………………………… vii
List of Figures………………………………………………………………………... viii
About Cranes Varsity…………………….......…………………………..... ………. ix
Abstract…………..…………………………………………………………………... 1
Chapter 1: Brief of Training Modules…………… ……………………...... ……… 2
Chapter 2: C Programming Language…………………….......……………………. 3-7
2.1 The C compilation model……………………………………………................... 3
2.2 C Data Types……………………………………………...................................... 3
2.3 Operators……………………………………………......……………………… 3
2.4 Control Flow……………………………………………......…………………… 4
2.5 Functions……………………………………………............................................ 4
2.6 Array……………………………………………................................................... 4
2.7 Pointer……………………………………………................................................. 5
2.8 List of low level programs…………………………………………….................. 6
2.9 List of high level programs……………………………………………................ 7
Chapter 3: Data Structure…………………….......……………………......……….. 8-12
3.1 Structure…………………………………………….............................................. 8
3.2 Union…………………………………………….................................................. 8
3.3 Stack……………………………………………................................................... 9
3.4 Queue…………………………………………….................................................. 10
3.5 Linked List…………………………………………….......................................... 10
3.6 List of some basic programs……………………………………………............... 11
3.7 List of some high level programs……………………………………………...... 12
Chapter 4: Project - I…………………….......……………………………. ............. 13-14
4.1 Brain Training Game……………………………………………......................... 13
4.2 Software Specifications……………………………………………..................... 13
4.3 Comparison with real world program ………………………………………… 13
4.4 Instructions to play ……………………………………………........................... 13
4.5 Algorithm ……………………………………………........................................... 14
4.6 Source Code……………………………………………........................................ 14
Chapter 5: ARM7 - lpc2148 & embedded protocols……………………...........… 15-26
5.1 ARM7 –LPC2148……………………………………………............................... 15
5.2 PLL……………………………………………......………………....................... 16
5.3 VIC……………………………………………......………………....................... 16
5.4 Timer……………………………………………......……………….................... 17
5.5 ADC……………………………………………......………………...................... 18
(v)
5.6 DAC……………………………………………......………………...................... 19
5.7 UART……………………………………………......………………................... 19
5.8 SPI……………………………………………......………………........................ 20
5.9 I2C……………………………………………......………………........................ 21
5.10 List of some basic programs……………………………………………............. 22
5.11 List of some High level programs……………………………………………… 22
5.12 Keypad Interfacing……………………………………………........................... 22
5.13 Timer as an interrupt…………………………………………………………. 25
Chapter 6: GPOS & Shell Scripting………………………………………..……… 27-31
6.1 Operating System…………………………………………….............................. 27
6.2 Evolution of OS……………………………………………................................. 27
6.3 Components of OS…………………………………………….............................. 27
6.4 Process Management…………………………………………….......................... 28
6.5 File Management ……………………………………………......……………… 28
6.6 File/Disk allocation method……………………………………………............. 28
6.7 Memory Management ……………………………………………....................... 29
6.8 Shell……………………………………………......………………..................... 29
6.9 Shell Commands……………………………………………................................ 29
6.10 Shell Scripting……………………………………………......………………… 29
6.11 Flow of control……………………………………………......……………….. 30
6.12 Loops…………………………………………….....……………….................. 30
6.13 Function……………………………………………......………………............ 30
6.14 List of some basic programs……………………………………………........... 30
6.15 List of some high level/logical programs…………………………………….. 31
Chapter 7: Project - II……………………………………………………... ……… 32-33
7.1 Overview……………………………………………......………………............. 32
7.2 Technical Specification……………………………………………......……….. 32
7.3 Comparison with real world……………………………………………...... …… 32
7.4 Functions……………………………………………......……………….............. 32
7.5 Main Features……………………………………………......………………...... 33
7.6 Source Code……………………………………………........................................ 33
Appendix -1………………………………………………………………................ 39-47
Appendix -2………………………………………………………………................. 48-58
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………… 47

(vi)
(vii)
List of Tables:
Table No. Title Page No.
Table 1.1 Brief of training modules……………………………….. 2
Table 2.2 C Data types…………………………………………….. 3
Table 2.3 Operators………………………………………………... 3
Table 6.5 Hard link v/s soft link file……………………………… 28

(viii)
List of Figures:
Fig No. Title Page No.
Fig 2.1 The Compilation model………………………………… 3
Fig 3.1 Push & pop operation in stack……………………………… 9
Fig 3.2 Stack evaluation…………………………………………….. 9
Fig 3.4 Creating a link list……………………………………………. 10
Fig 4.1 2048 operations……………………………………………… 14
Fig 5.1 PIN Diagram of ARM7-lpc2144/46/48………………... 15

Fig 5.3 External Interrupt Occurrence……………………………….. 17

Fig 5.4 Timer interfacing with LED and buzzer…………………....... 18
Fig 5.6 Triangular waveform generation…………………………….. 19
Fig 5.7 Data transmission using UART……………………………... 20
Fig 5.8 LED Blinking using SPI protocol……………………………. 21
Fig 5.9 Display on &-segment using I2C……………………………. 22
Fig 6.3 Components of OS…………………………………………… 27
Fig 6.4 Process Management……………………………………….... 28

(ix)
INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY:

CRANES VARSITY: A Division of Cranes Software International Ltd.

Head Quartered: Bangalore, India.
Establishment: In 1998

COMPANY PROFILE: [1]

Cranes Varsity has over decade long relationship in Indian education industry as a pioneer in
introducing embedded systems and digital signal processing education services to the Indian market
through the late 90’s much before the world recognized the Indian education market size to be one of
$40 Billions.
Driven by a passion of embedded systems and the digital signal processing and shortage in skilled man
power, in 1988 cranes varsity introduced hands on technical training to the graduates and the working
professionals in the fields of mathematical modeling & simulation.
Cranes varsity is best known and credited in the Indian education sector seeding and nurturing of the
legendary technical computing tools like MatlabTM and Texas Instruments, DSP’s for the Indian
engineering sector through the 90’s.

“Bridging the chasm between the Engineer and the Industry”

Cranes is Authorized Partner to: Texas Instruments, National Instruments, IBM etc.

ACHIEVEMENTS: [2]
 Cranes Varsity has trained over 50,000 graduates directly through its education model. Over 4.5
million engineering graduates indirectly trained through its university.
 Employment in various Indian institute and Multinational Corporation is an achievement that is
deeply valued and cherished.

(x)