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Motions of the Earth Class 6 Notes CBSE Geography Chapter 3 (Free PDF Download)
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Motions of the Earth Class 6 Notes Geography Chapter 3 - PDF Download
The planet Earth has two types of motions: Rotation and Revolution.
Rotation: When the planet earth spins on its axis, it is called rotation. It
rotates counterclockwise or west to east when viewed from the North Pole.
Revolution: When the planet earth moves around the Sun in a fixed orbit or path, it
is called revolution. At this time, the earth is also performing a rotation.
Read in Class 6 Social Science Geography Motions of the Earth Chapter 3 how
rotation and revolution affect life on earth. Learn new terms like Solstices,
Equinox, orbital plane, axis of the earth, etc.
In these revision notes, a detailed explanation is available on all the important
topics. So, students can download the free PDF of Motions of the Earth Class 6
Notes CBSE Geography Chapter 3 to clear all their doubts.
Topics Covered in Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth of Class 6 Geography
Class 6 Social Science Geography Motions of the Earth teaches students the
following important topics:
Rotation
Revolutions
Circle of illumination
Orbital plane
Leap year
Elliptical orbit
Summer solstice
Winter solstice
Equinox
Download CBSE Class 6 Geography Revision Notes 2023-24 PDF
Also, check CBSE Class 6 Geography revision notes for All chapters:
CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter-wise Notes
Chapter 1 - The Earth in the Solar System Notes
Chapter 2 - Globe Latitudes and Longitudes Notes
Chapter 3 - Motions of the Earth Notes
Chapter 4 - Maps Notes
Chapter 5 - Major Domains of the Earth Notes
Chapter 6 - Major Landforms of the Earth Notes
Chapter 7 - Our Country - India Notes
Chapter 8 - India - Climate, Vegetation and Wildlife Notes
Last updated date: 13th Sep 2023
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Access Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 - Motions of the Earth Notes
Some Important Definitions
The Axis of the Earth: An imaginary line makes an angle of 66 1/2° with its orbital
plane.
The Orbital Plane: The plane formed by the orbit is known as the orbital plane.
Circle of Illumination: The imaginary circle on the earth which divides the earth
into day and night halves is known as the circle of illumination. It is not the
same as the axis of the earth and doesn’t coincide with it. The circle of
illumination makes a 23 ½ degrees angle from the earth’s axis.
Rotation of Earth
The phenomenon of day and night is because of the rotation of the earth. Had there
been no rotation, one side of the earth would perpetually have night, and
temperatures would have dropped in this half. The other half would forever have a
day, and temperatures would have risen in this half. In such cases, it would not be
possible to sustain life on earth.
Earth takes 24 hours to complete one rotation, and this is known as earth day.
23 hr, 56 min, and 4 sec is the actual time taken to complete one rotation, but for
convenience purposes, it is taken to be 24 hours.
Revolution of the Earth
The movement of the Earth on its own axis around the Sun is termed a revolution.
The Earth moves around the Sun in an elliptical-shaped orbit.
It takes 365.25 days to complete one revolution. This is the time taken by the
Earth to go round an elliptical orbit with the Sun as the focus.
We consider 365 days as one year, and the rest one-fourth of a day is added up for
every four years to give us one extra day. This day is added up to the fourth year,
and the year has 366 days. This year is called a leap year. This day is added up to
the month of February.
In a leap year, February has 29 days instead of 28 days.
Seasons
Seasons change due to changes in the position of the Earth around the Sun. Due to
the change in the position of Earth, a year is divided into summer, winter, spring,
and autumn.
Summer Solstice
Summer Solstice begins on 21st June in the Northern Hemisphere.
On this day, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun.
Sunrays fall on the Tropic of Cancer.
The North Pole is inclined towards the Sun, and areas beyond the Arctic Circle
experience continuous daylight for about six months.
The longest day and shortest night occur on 21st June, the Summer Solstice.
The conditions in the Southern Hemisphere are reversed, and it is winter season
there.
Winter Solstice
The Winter Solstice occurs on the 22nd of December in the Northern Hemisphere.
The Southern Hemisphere at this time is tilted towards the Sun.
The Sunrays fall on the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere.
The Southern Hemisphere has longer days during this period and shorter nights.
The conditions are reversed in the Northern Hemisphere.
Equinox
The direct rays of the Sun fall on the equator on 21st March and 23rd September.
The whole Earth experiences equal days and equal nights because neither of the
poles is tilted towards the Sun.
On 23rd September, it is autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the
Southern Hemisphere.
It is the opposite on 21st March when it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere.
Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 - Motions of the Earth Notes
Important Terms Used to Describe Motions of the Earth
To learn the motions of the earth in detail, it is essential to understand some
important terms.
The axis of the earth or Earth’s axis is an imaginary pole or line passing through
the centre of the earth and makes an angle of 66½° with its orbital plane. It runs
from the North Pole to the South Pole.
The orbital plane is the plane formed by the orbit.
The circle of illumination is the circle that divides day and night on the globe.
The Sun gives light to the earth, which is spherical in shape. Due to its shape,
only half of the earth gets sunlight at a time, i.e., the portion of the earth
facing the Sun experiences day while the other half, which is away from the Sun,
experiences night. This circle of illumination does not coincide with the earth’s
axis.
Earthday is the daily motion of the earth and the period of rotation that the
planet earth takes to make one complete rotation around its axis, which is 24
hours.
What Will Happen if the Earth Stops Rotating?
In such a case, the portion of the earth facing the Sun would always experience a
day, thus bringing continuous warmth to that region. The other half would remain
dark and cold all the time. The existence of life would not be possible in such
extreme conditions. Thus, the motion of the earth is important for life to exist.
How Long does the Earth Take to Revolve?
The earth takes 365¼ days (one year) to revolve around the Sun. For convenience, we
consider only a year of 365 days and ignore six hours. Over a span of four years,
these six hours saved every year are added to make one complete day of 24 hours.
This surplus day is then added to the month of February of that year. Thus, every
fourth year, February has 29 days instead of 28 days and such a year with an
additional one day by making it 366 days is called a leap year.
The earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, and the earth is inclined
in the same direction throughout its orbit. This revolution gives four seasons in
the year: summer, autumn, winter, and spring. Seasons change according to the
change in the position of the earth around the Sun.
Positions of the Sun
Summer Solstice: On 21st June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted maximum towards
the Sun. The Sun's rays fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer, and as a result,
these areas receive more heat. Since the sunrays are slanting, the areas near the
poles receive less heat. The area beyond the Arctic Circle experiences continuous
daylight for about six months as the North Pole is inclined towards the Sun.
Since a majority portion of the Northern Hemisphere receives light from the Sun, it
is the summer season in the regions north of the equator. On 21st June, there is
the longest day and the shortest night at these places. At this time, all
conditions are reversed in the Southern Hemisphere. They experience the winter
season, and the nights are longer than the days.
Winter Solstice: On 22nd December, the South Pole is tilted maximum towards the
Sun, and the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct sunrays. As the rays of the Sun
fall vertically at the Tropic of Capricorn at 231/2° S, a major portion of the
Southern Hemisphere receives light. Therefore, the Southern Hemisphere experiences
summer with longer days and shorter nights. The opposite happens in the Northern
Hemisphere at this time. 22nd December experiences the longest night and the
shortest day.
Equinox: On 21st March and September 23rd, the Sun's rays fall directly on the
equator. At this unique position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the Sun;
the entire earth experiences equal days and nights. This position is called an
equinox. On 23rd September, while the Northern Hemisphere experiences autumn, the
Southern Hemisphere has the spring season. The contrary happens on 21st March when
the Northern Hemisphere has spring season, and the Southern Hemisphere has autumn.
Thus, based on the earth’s rotation and revolution around the Sun, we see
days/nights and changes in the seasons.
Benefits of Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Revision Notes
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FAQs on Motions of the Earth Class 6 Notes CBSE Geography Chapter 3 (Free PDF
Download)
1. What is the inclination angle of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane?
The inclination angle of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane is 661/2°.
2. What is a leap year?
3. Why does the Southern Hemisphere experience Summer and Winter Solstice at
different times than that of the Northern Hemisphere?
4. Why do the North and South poles experience six months day and six months night?
5. Can Vedantu’s revision notes for Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 help you score high
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8. What is the daily motion of the Earth called?
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