Standard VI

Government of Kerala
Department of Education
LT-539-1/ICT-6-(E)-Vol-1

State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT), KERALA

2017
 THE NATIONAL ANTHEM
Jana-gana-mana adhinayaka jaya he
Bharatha-bhagya-vidhata,
Punjab-Sindh-Gujarat-Maratha
Dravida-Utkala-Banga
Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga
Uchchala-Jaladhi-taranga
Tava subha name jage,
Tava subha asisa mage,
Gahe tava jaya gatha.
Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he
Bharatha-bhagya-vidhata,
Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he,
Jaya jaya jaya jaya he!

PLEDGE
India is my country. All Indians are my
brothers and sisters.
I love my country, and I am proud of its rich
and varied heritage. I shall always strive to
be worthy of it.
I shall give my parents, teachers and all elders
respect, and treat everyone with courtesy.
To my country and my people, I pledge my
devotion. In their well-being and prosperity
alone lies my happiness.

Information & Communications Technology-VI

Prepared by :

State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)

Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 12, Kerala
Website : [Link], e-mail : scertkerala@[Link]
Phone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax : 0471 - 2341869
Typesetting and Layout : SCERT
Printed at : KBPS, Kakkanad, Kochi - 30
© Department of Education, Government of Kerala
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Foreword
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567 Dear children,
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567 We are living in a world where we use, refine and
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transfer information from many sources in many
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ways. Computers are the foundation for this
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information transfer. It is because of this that at least
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basic knowledge of computers is essential for
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leading a life realising the direction and momentum
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of the new world.
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567 This book for class VI is prepared in the light of
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567 these requirements. We also learn how to use ICT
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567 learning all other subjects as well.
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567 With best wishes,
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Director
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567 SCERT
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 ACTIVITY BOOK DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Chairman
K Anvar Sadath
Executive Director, IT @ School Project
Members
Girish Mohan P.K,
Abdul Hakkim CP
Master Trainer, IT@School Project,
Master Trainer, IT@School Project,
Kannur
Malappuram
Saju S.S,
Muhammed Aslam A.R
Master Trainer, IT@School Project,
A.E.O. Mankombu
Thiruvananthapuram
Pradeep Kumar Mattara
Sajimon P.N,
Master Trainer, IT@School Project,
Master Trainer, IT@School Project,
Malappuram
Ernamkulam
Rajesh S. Vallikkode
Mahesan K.G,
B.P.O., B.R.C Pathanamthiitta
Master Trainer, IT@School Project,
Kozhikkode P Yahiya
G.G.M.G.H.S.S., Chalappuram
Sabarish K.,
Master Trainer, IT@School Project, Hassainar Mankada
Malappuram Master Trainer, IT@School Project,
Malappuram
Muhammed Abdul Nasar K,
Master Trainer, IT@School Project,
Kozhikkode

English Translation

Biju Donald Dr. Lalitha M

HSST, St Joseph's HSS , Thiruvananthapuram Librarian (Retd), SCERT, Kerala
Rathi S Nair Dr. K Reghunadhan Pillai
HSST, GHSS, Bigbazar Principal UIT, Sasthamcotta,
Palakkad Kollam
Soniya S Ravi [Link] Kuruvila
HSA, Concordia Lutheran HSS Additional Director of Collegiate
Peroorkada, Thiruvananthapuram Education (Retd), TVM
Language Experts
S Bindhu
Associate Professor (Retd),
University College, Thiruvananthapuram

Artist
Suresh E (Cartoonist), Co-ordinator, Animation Programme, IT@ School Project

Academic Co-ordinator
Riyana Ansari, Research Officer, SCERT Kerala
 Contents
1. Lovely Letters ........................................... 07-15

2. Globes and Maps in the Computer ........... 16-24

3. Concepts into Pictures .............................. 25-31

4. When Lines Meet...................................... 32-41

5. To the World of Information ..................... 42-49

6. Into the Wonderful World of the Sky ........ 50-55

Certain icons are used in this
book for convenience

For further reading

Let’s assess

Extended Activities
 Chapter 1
Lovely Letters

“Its Meenakshi’s brother’s birthday. I’m also

invited”. Aswathy called out holding up the
invitation card.
“Wow! Look, how beautiful it is.” All the
friends read the card one by one.
“That’s right...! It’s very beautiful”, agreed
everyone.
“I should also make a card like this for my
birthday.” said Aswathy.
“Shall we make one now’? Aami was excited
and seemed to be in a hurry.
They started to make an invitation card. What
would they have written? What picture would
they insert ? Shall we make such a card?
At the outset, we should discuss and decide
the sentences we need. Aswathy’s invitation
card is in English, right? Let ours too be in
English.
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION
What should we ............................Invite ......................... on
type in the card?
12.08.2017

......................................................................
Let’s write here...
......................................................................

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......................................................................

......................................................................

Activity 1.1
Let’s Type an Invitation Card
In the earlier classes, we learnt the uses of the
software (Word Processor) which helps us to
enter text and make the font attractive. We can
use the same for making the invitation card.
Open Word Processor Software and start entering
the text.

Place your fingers

on the exact keys
On which letters of the keyboard do we
have to place our fingers when we type ?
Observe the picture...

Don’t we need to save the file after typing?

For that, save the card to your folder giving it the
file name ‘invitation’.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Activity 1.2
Let’s make our invitation card attractive.
You can save the
file by clicking here. Hope you have made your card.
How can we make it attractive?

Remember to Write down your suggestions.

save whenever you
make changes to
the file.  We need beautiful letters.

 ....................................................................................

 ....................................................................................

 ....................................................................................

Let’s Change the Font

How can we make the letters even more
How can we
beautiful?
change the font?
First select the sentence that is to be changed.
Observe the Font Box (Figure 1.1) in the
formatting tool bar. Click on the arrow mark to
its right side and choose the most suitable font.
Try changing the Font .
Look at the text ‘Birthday Celebration’ in
different fonts (Figure.1.2).
Among these, which one did you find the most
attractive title?

Figure 1.1 Different Fonts

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Lovely Letters 9
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Figure 1.2 Different fonts for the title

Let’s give colour to the fonts

We can make the Font more attractive by adding
colour to it. We can add colours to the fonts in
as mentioned below.

 Select the sentence to be coloured.

 Click on the arrow mark to the right of the

Colour tool in the tool bar.(Figure 1.3)

 Click on the suitable Font Colour.

Figure 1.1 Colour window

Figure 1.4 Title in various colours.

We have learnt to change the size and thickness

of fonts in previous classes. Let’s use those tools
here. Complete the table given below.

Font Name Change the font of the letters

Font Size ........................................................................

Bold ........................................................................

Italics Create slanting letters

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Underline Underline the letters

Align Left ........................................................................

Center ........................................................................

Align Right .......................................................................

Font Color .......................................................................

Table 1.1 Formatting Tools

Activity 1.3
Let’s Add Pictures
There are many pictures in your computer. You
can insert any of these in your invitation card. How
can we do this?

 Bring the cursor to the spot where you wish

to insert the picture. Then click on the Image
button. (see Figure.1.5)

 Select the picture you would like to insert in

your invitation card from the window that
opens up. Now click on the Open button.
Hasn’t the picture been inserted into the in-
Figure1.5 Tool to insert the vitation card?
picture

Figure 1.6 Window from which picture can be

selected.
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

How can we adjust the size of the picture? When the size of the
picture is changed...
 Can’t you see small green coloured squares
around the image? Click on it and try to move When you click and drag
the mouse (see Figure1.7). Do you see the the mouse on the tiny
size change? squares that appear around
the image, is it the breadth
 Now we can click on the image and place it or the length that changes,
in the most suitable places. or both?
What happens when you
press the Shift key in the
keyboard while you drag?

Figure 1.7 Nodes used to change the size of the

image.
The invitation card is now ready (Figure1.8).

Figure 1.8 Invitation card

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Activity 1.4
An Invitation Card in Malayalam
Write the names of your classmates who plan to
celebrate their birthdays in the days to come.

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................
Don’t we need to
change the keyboard Let’s prepare an invitation card in Malayalam for
layout to Malayalam for them.
typing Malayalam letters?
Write down the sentences that are to be typed in
the invitation card.

{]nb-s∏´ ....................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

P∑-Zn-\m-iw-k-Iƒ
kvt\l-]q¿hw
.......................................
(X-bm-dm-°n-b-h-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ)

In the previous classes we had learnt how to

change the keyboard layout to Malayalam by
clicking on the keyboard indicator on the top
Panel of the computer Desktop. Don’t you
Figure 1.9 Tool to change
the keyboard layout remember that?
Now start typing the birthday wishes that you have
LT-539-2/ICT-6-(E)-Vol-1

composed. For that, you can select any of the

Fonts like Rachana, Keraleeyam or Chilanka in
the Word Processor. Now start typing using the
Malayalam keyboard.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Figure 1.10 Keyboard layout in Malayalam

I am the After typing the letters, let’s make the invitation

friend of compound card more attractive by adding colour and pictures.
letters
.
 Press and hold the Shift key to write the letters on the upper
levels of the keys.

 If we add (#v) mark between two letters we get a

compound letter.

I+#v+I=° I+#v+X=‡ I+#v+b=Iy

 If we want to get a ‘Chillaksharam’ we need to press

and along with its consonant

\+#v+ =≥ c+#v+ =¿ f+#v+ =ƒ

 If we add “c” to any letter, we get

I+#v+c={I ]+#v+c= {] i+#v+c={i

Let’s assess
 We celebrate Father’s Day on the third Saturday of June. Prepare a greeting
card to wish your father on this day using Word Processor.

 Prepare an invitation card in Word Processor to invite parents for the PTA
meeting in your school.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

 Prepare a Poster with suitable pictures for the awareness campaign on the
importance of conservation of water using Word Processor.

 An article with photos and the report of the agricultural activities conducted
in your school is to be displayed on the school notice board. Prepare the
article using Word Processor.

Extended Activities
 Every year the Moon Day is celebrated to commemorate man’s landing on
moon. There are pictures of the moon and informations relating to moon in
your computer. Prepare a poster using all these details.

 Every year we celebrate June 26 as ‘International Day Against Drug Abuse

and Illicit Trafficking.’ Prepare a notice showing the importance of this day,
using the computer.



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Lovely Letters 15
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Chapter 2
Globes and Maps in the Computer

This year’s study tour is to Delhi. The teacher has Delhi Tour - First Day
given the list of the places that the team intends
Noida - Breakfast
to visit.
Okhla Bird Sanctuary
Neethu and friends were trying to locate on a globe Delhi - Juma Masjid
Red Fort
the places given in the list. But they couldn’t find
Lunch
some of the places on their small globe. Neethu
............................................................
remembered then what her Social Science teacher ............................................................
had said about various digital globes and maps like
Marble and Google Earth in the computer the
size of which could adjust to our requirements.
They decided to search for these places in
Marble Globe.
How can we open Marble globe and locate the
places of our choice?
Activity 1.1
Finding places using Marble software
Open Marble software in the order give below:
Applications EducationMarble.
Using the mouse adjust the globe to view Asian
Mainland on the monitor. Zoom in to view the
landmass containing India, using the scroll wheel
of the mouse.
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Find New Delhi on the globe. If neces-

sary the Search box can be used to help
locate places. (Figure 2.1)
Now locate and write down the impor-
tant places near New Delhi in this way.

 Agra
Figure 2.1 Search box in the Marble
window 
..................................................................................................

 ..................................................................................................
Activity 1.2
Finding aerial distances using Marble
We can find out the aerial distance between two
places using Marble software. Let’s see how we
can measure the distance between New Delhi and
Agra.

How far is Agra

from Delhi?

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Digital Maps and Globes

Various Globes and Maps to help in geographical studies are avail-
able on the internet. OpenStreeetMap, Wikimapia, Google Maps,
Google Earth etc., are examples. Have you heard of Bhuvan? It is an
initiative of the Indian Space Research Organistation (ISRO)?

Find New Delhi in Marble Globe and click the

right button of the mouse over it and select Add
Measure Point from the menu that appears.
Then find Agra and repeat the process as before.
Don’t you see a line appearing to connect both
places? The aerial distance between these places
is shown here.
In the same way find the distance between your
district headquarters and New Delhi using Marble
globe and write it down.
...................................................................................
What is the distance between your district head-
quarters and the State capital?
...................................................................................

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Would you like to have these maps stored in your

computer for further use? How would you save
them to your computer?
Activity 1.3
Creating and saving maps
The process of creating and saving maps with the
help of Marble is detailed below.

 Enlarge and adjust the areas which you want in

Marble globe.
 Using Flat View technique, create a map of
the chosen area (Figure 2.2).
A globe can be made into a map
If we want the map view rather than the view of the place on the
globe, what shall we do? Select Mercator View or Flat View from
the Map View given on the left side of the window. You will be able
to see the map of the place.

Figure 2.2 Visualising maps using Marble software.

 Click on Export Map of the File menu

 Give a suitable name to the map in the
Window that opens and save it in your folder.
You have learnt about various rulers of medieval
India and their empires, haven’t you? Try to
locate their kingdoms using Marble globe.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Don’t forget to save the information to your

computer.
An address for every place
After locating the places they plan to visit, Neethu
had a doubt. How can one find the way to all those
places? Teacher said it would be easy to find
places using a mobile phone with GPS facility.

Haven’t we
Let’s check the
reached Kumarakom
yet? latitude and longitude of
Kumarakom.

G P S (Global Positioning System)

You know that the imaginary lines drawn vertically and horizontally across
the globe are the longitudes and latitudes, don’t you? A place on the earth
can be located on the basis of its longitude and latitude. You have also learnt
that these lines are drawn on the basis of precise angular measurement. By
the signals received from the artificial satellites in space, we can determine
the latitude, longitude and height of a place using the G P S facility. Today
G P S is widely used in mobile phones, vehicles and many other devices.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Haven’t you seen the lines marked around the

globe in Marble software (Figure 2.3)? They are
classified as latitudes and longitudes. These
imaginary lines are the basis for deciding the ex-
act location of a place on the earth.
Find the latitude which divides the globe into
northern and southern hemispheres using Marble.
Also find the prime meridian that divides the globe
into the eastern and western hemispheres.

Figure 2.3 Latitudes and Longitudes

If you zoom in further you Activity 1.4

will be able to see more
Finding major latitudes and
latitudes and longitudes
longitudes
Open Marble software and find all the
major latitudes and longitudes and
observe their characteristics. Complete
the Table 2.1.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Peculiarities Latitude/Longitude
Major latitude passing through India ......................................
North Pole ........................o north

South Pole .....................o.................

The longitude opposite to Oo Standard Meridian ......................................

Table 2.1 Major longitudes and latitudes.

We have seen that every area on the earth has spe-

cific latitudes and longitudes. How can we find
the latitudes and longitudes of our surrounding
areas using Marble?
Activity 1.5
Find the latitude and longitude of an area
Let’s learn how to find the latitude and longitude
of your district headquarters.

 Open Marble software, locate your district

headquarters and zoom in on it.
 Click on the sign given along with the name
of the place. In the window which opens you
will be able to see its latitude and longitude. Eclipses in Marble
Select the necessary details from it and write
them below. Other than general maps
there are historical maps as
Place ..................................................
well as those that can tell us
Latitude ................................................. the average rain fall and tem-
perature of any region in
Longitude ............................................... Marble. Apart from this we
can also see areas where
Solar eclipses and Lunar
eclipses occur at various
times.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Latitudes and Longitudes of my locality

Not all places are recorded in the Marble. How can we find out the latitude
and longitude of unnamed places in Marble software?

Move your mouse through different

regions of Marble. Don’t the latitudes and
the longitudes of those areas appear
against ‘Position’ as seen on the status bar? Every angular distances in
degree is divided into 60
Could you identify the latitude and
equal minutes. Each minute
longitude of your place? Try to do it.
is divided into 60 seconds.

Let’s assess

 Find out the aerial distance of various district headquarters to

Thiruvananthapuram using Marble and prepare a table of your findings.
 Observe the continents through which the Equator passes using Marble.
Export the map which includes that and save it to a folder
 With the help of Marble software complete the table given below:

Place Latitude Longitude

New Delhi

Thiruvananthapuram

Mumbai

Srinagar

Extended Activities

 Find out the latitudes and longitudes of your neighbouring districts

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

 Find out the areas which were under Iltumish, a ruler of medieval
India in Marble. Export the maps of such areas and save them in
your computer.
 Using Marble Software find out the latitude and longitude of
important places in different climatic zones (you must have learnt
in Social Science) and create a table.



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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Chapter 3
Concepts into Pictures

Do you remember the concept map of Raja’s

family presented in your English Course
Book? Look at a concept presentation by
Vipin related to a learning activity (Figure
3.1). What details can you collect about Vipin
from this picturization?
 Vipin’s father is a driver.

 Vipin likes football.

 .......................................................................................

subjects of
We got plenty of information about Vipin
interest from this presentation, didn’t we? What is
the use of such picture presentations?

 Help to understand details easily.

Figure 3.1 Concept map on Vipin

 .......................................................................................

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Concepts into Pictures 25
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Activity 3.1
My Family
Observe the picture (Figure 3.2) that will help you to draw a family tree. Note
the names of your family members in it and complete the family tree. You can
also make necessary modifications to the picture, if needed.

Can you make a

picture of my family
like this?

Figure 3.2 Family Tree

Activity 3.2
Different kinds of Picturisations
Our course books use a lot of pictures to illustrate ideas.
Try to find out more picturisations and complete the table given below:

Picturisation Description

Heating Ice is the solid form of water. When it

Ice Water Vapour is heated it becomes water. When
(Liquid form) (Liquid form) (gaseous form) boiled the liquid form of water changes
g into its gaseous form or water
olin
Co
Water [Link] water vapour cools it
becomes water again. And when water
is cooled it turns into ice.

Table 3.1 Picturisations and explanations

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Let’s create Activity 3.3

these pictures using
the computer Computer Picturisation
Look at the picture given in the Basic Science
textbook. (Figure 3.3) Here you can see the
various ways in which different ingredients can
be separated from various mixtures. The
LibreOffice Draw software in our computer helps
us to draw such pictures.
Open LibreOffice Draw software in the
Office menu and get familiar with the
window. (Figure 3.4) Let’s examine how we
can create the illustration given in Figure
3.3 in our computer.

Draw rectangles and a circles.

Using Rectangle and Ellipse tools given

in the tool bar on the left in the LibreOffice
Draw window, draw as many rectangles and
circles as needed.(Figure.3.5)
Figure 3.3
Separating mixtures - Picturisation

Figure3.4 LibreOffice Draw Window

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Figure.3.5 Shapes given in the Draw Canvas.

 Include words

When you double click on the rectangles and

circles, a cursor will appear to type words on it.
Here you can add words by typing. You can also
add Malayalam words by making changes to the
keyboard settings.

 Draw Connectors

Select Connector from the tool bar on the left

side of the Draw Window(Figure 3.6). When the
mouse reaches the circle or rectangle we have
drawn, we can see the connecting points (glue
points) on the sides .

Figure 3.6 Connectors

Rotate the rectangle

When you click again on the selected rectangle
you will see red marks ( Figure 3.7 ). You can
click on the marks in the corner and rotate the
Figure 3.7 To rotate the
shapes
shape as required.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Don’t forget to
save what you have done
after completing
the activity.

Figure3.8 Illustration of the use of connectors

We can connect shapes by clicking and dragging

the glue points of rectangles or circles to the glue
points of the images to be connected (Figure
3.8). After connecting two images, notice how
the connected lines get adjusted when the position
of the connected images are changed.
Activity 3.4
Let’s make the picture attractive
 Let’s make the rectangles attractive.
To add colour to the shapes and make them
attractive, select them and use the Fill Colour
Tool from the toolbar on the left. The
border colour of the rectangle can be changed
using the Line Colour Tool .
This facility can also be used to make the
connector lines attractive.
Another way of doing this is by using the
Properties window on the right side of the Side
Bar . (Figure. 3.9)
In this manner, make the picture attractive and
then save it.

Figure 3.9 Properties

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Concepts into Pictures 29
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Let’s assess

 How do petrol and diesel vehicles depend on the sun for energy? Prepare a
flow chart on fossil fuels using your computer, as in the model.

 Given below is the picture drawn by Rinu on her computer about the classes
in her school. Prepare a similar picture about your school using
LibreOffice Draw. Improve the picture, including a few more details.

Extended Activities

 What do you know about water? Collect as much information as possible

about water and create a concept map using LibreOffice Draw.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI



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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Chapter 4
When lines meet...

Naina is busy with a mathematics project. The

topic of the project is ‘the relation between two
adjacent angles when two lines intersect’.
She drew several pairs of lines, measured the
angles and prepared a list.
GeoGebra
Jaffer who had been observing all this, asked her
‘Can’t this be found using GeoGebra Software.’
Naina wanted to know how GeoGebra could be
used to find the relation between angles.
GeoGebra is a free interactive
We have already learned how we can make software used to draw and
mathematical figures using GeoGebra. Now let observe the properties of
us help Naina to complete her project using this geometrical shapes.
software.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

The number of angles

The number of angles obtained is determined by
the way in which the lines intersect.

Activity 4.1
The Properties of adjacent angles, when
two straight lines intersect.
When two straight lines intersect, angles are
formed. Let’s examine the properties of these
angles using GeoGebra Software.

 Open GeoGebra in the following order.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

 Select Line Tool from tool box and draw

a line in the open window.
Figure 4.1 To open GeoGebra

 Mark two points through which the line passes

by clicking the mouse (figure 4.2)

 Select Segment Tool from the tool

box.

Figure 4.2 Straight line passing through two points.

 Draw another line that intersects the first line

between the two points marked earlier To draw a line of a
(figure 4.3).
specific length

Use the tool Segment with

Given Length from
the toolbox to draw a line with
a specific length.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Figure 4.3 Two lines that intersect.

How many angles are formed when the line CD

intersects the line AB in the figure?
(Figure 4.3)

.................................................................................................

Which are they?

BDC, ...........................................................

How can we measure these angles?

 Take Angle Tool from the tool box .

 Click on the points in the order B, D, C which

decide the angles.
 You will be able to see the measurement of angles
(Figure 4.4).
 In the same way measure the other angles too.

If the labels of points

are not visible
If the labels of points are not visible,
right click on the point. Mark Show
Label in the window that appears.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

To draw an angle to a given

measurement
You can make use of the tool Angle with Given Size for making angles
of specific measurement in GeoGebra

Remember to measure the

angles in the order B, D, C.
Find out what happens if
you measure in the order
C, D,B?

Figure 4.4 Measuring the angles

Find the sum of the two angles.

To convert the measurement of the angle to a whole number

We may get the measurement of angles in the form of decimals. To convert
them into whole numbers, click on the icon Options in the menubar and click
on the 0 Decimal places in ‘Rounding’.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Think about the sum of the angles formed when a

line intersects another line. Will it be the same
in all cases?

Don’t we need to draw many pictures to find it?

What if we do it in GeoGebra?

 Move point C using Move Tool in the

tool box.

Try moving the  Write the changes in the measurement of

other points. Does the angles in the table below and find the sum
measurement of the
angle change?
(Table 4.1).

No. Angle BDC Angle CDA Sum

1 680 1120

7
Table 4.1 Sum of angles

Write from the findings

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Now, save the file for future use.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Activity 4.2
When lines intersect

 Draw two lines that intersect as shown in

the picture. (Figure 4.5)

Figure 4.5 Two intersecting lines.

What are the features

of the angles formed
when two lines
intersect?

 To find the point of intersection of two lines,

choose Intersect Tool from tool box

and click on each line. You will be able to see
the point of intersection.
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Measure the four angles

formed at the meeting
point

Figure 4.6 Meeting point

 Verify the measurement of opposite angles.

 Move the points using the Move Tool.

 Record the changes in each angle in Table 4.2

and find their characteristics.

No Angle BEC Angle AED Angle CEA Angle DEB

1 720 720 1080 1080

Table 4.2 Features of angles.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Record your findings.

Shall we make
Polygons now?
............................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................

Activity 4.3
Making Polygons

 Choose Polygon Tool from the tool

box.

 When you click on the vertices of the poly-

gon you can see the sides being formed.

 Click on the starting point itself to complete

the polygon.

In this way you can draw polygons with as

many sides as required.

Choose the angle

measuring tool and click
inside the Polygon.
Observe....

Figure 4.7 Polygon

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Let’s assess
 Construct a triangle using the Polygon tool and save it. Measure all its
three of its angles.
 Construct a triangle. Using Move Tool try to move the sides and record the
measurement of angles in a table. Find its sum and write your inferences in
your note book.

Extended Activities
 Construct a polygon. Using Move Tool, move its sides and enter the mea-
surement of the angles in a table. Find the sum of the angles and record your
inferences in your note book.
 Draw the diagrams given below using Polygon Tool.



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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Chapter 5
To the World of Information

How diverse is our world! Different climatic

zones and the unique flora and fauna found in them
provide amazing experiences. This diversity is
what makes the earth so beautiful and rich. Here
we see a digital album prepared by Mini on this
diverse world and its creatures.

Desert
Its very hot here. At times
it is very cool at night.
Water is very scarce.
Plants and trees are
very few in number.

Camel
It can live without water for
many days
It can live in extreme heat
It is known as the ship of
the desert

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

From where did Mini get all these pictures and

the information?
Viju is quite amazed to learn that she got all the
pictures off the Internet.
This increased his doubts.

 Can we get all the pictures we need from the

Internet?

 How can we search for pictures on the

Internet?

 Can we save them to our personal computer?

There are innumerable items on the Internet in

the form of information and pictures. These have
been provided by people across the world for
various purposes.
Now let’s see what are the prerequisites for
collecting data from the internet.

 Internet facility should be available on our

computer.
WEB BROWSERS
 Software for searching for information on
Information is transferred on
the internet in page format. the Internet has to be installed in the
These pages are known as computer.
Web Pages. Web Pages are We have learned about different climatic zones
displayed on the computer and the varieties of plants and animals that exist
using special Web browsing in each area and their charecteristics in the lesson
software. Mozilla Firefox, ‘World of Diversities’ in the Social Science
Chromium, Microsoft Edge, Course Book. We too can create a digital album
Safari, etc. are examples of like the one Mini made. What pictures do we
web browsers. need?

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To the World of Information 43
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

 Pictures that depict the geographical features

KEY WORDS
of different climatic zones.
We can use certain words
 Pictures that depict the charecteristics of (related to the information we
plants and animals in those regions. seek) to reach the page with
the information we need from
 Pictures that depict the social life of people among all the other
in those regions. information available on the
internet. Such words are
 ..............................................................................................
called key words.
Shall we collect these from the Internet?
Let’s find the way to search for the necessary
pictures on the Internet.
Activity 5.1
Prerequisites for collecting pictures from
the Internet.
What information do we need from the Internet
for the album?
Let’s draw a table and list them.

Details of picture Key words

Where are
Images of the Desert,  date palm images stored in
the Internet?
its special features and the living  camel
things in it.  kalahari
 .....................
The Tundra region and  iglu/igloo
its animal and plant life.  inuit
 .....................
Equatorial zone.  equatorial
 semang
 rosewood tree
 ................
Table 5.1 Key words

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Is your table ready?

Imagine you want to collect images of the Tundra
region and of the polar bears which live there, using
the key words you have prepared.
Let’s see how it can be done using the steps given
below.
Activity 5.2
Let’s collect pictures
First, we have to open a web browser. Aren’t you
familiar with web browser software? Let’s use Mozilla
Firefox.

Applications  Internet Firefox Web Browser

Click your mouse in this order to open the Firefox
browser.

Figure 5.1 Browser window.

 In the search box given in the browser, type the

keyword.(Figure 5.2)
 Press the Enter key on the keyboard.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

 In the window which opens you can see the

details of the key word given.
 To search for images, click on the Images icon
on the top right corner of the window (Figure
5.2).

Search Engines
Attention !!!
There are certain systems
on the Internet which help Not all information provided
us search for pictures and on the internet is true.
information. They are Although the majority of the
known as Search Engines. information is right, there may
Google, Duck Duck Go, Yahoo, Bing, etc, are some be some fake information
of the important Search engines. also.

Figure5.2 Search engine window

 See how many pictures have appeared on
screen based on the keywords we have given!
Surely many of these pictures will be useful
to us.

Vinton G Cerf
He is known as the father of the Internet. He was born in 1943 at New
Haven in America.
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Figure 5.3 Images displayed by search engine.

How can Look at the window which displayed the images.

the selected image (Figure 5.3) You don’t need all the images here,
alone be saved? do you?
To save the images we need from the above,
follow the steps given below:
Activity 5.3
To save the image
 Click on the image that we need.(Figure 5.3)
 Then click the right mouse button on the
image (Figure 5.4) which now appears in an
enlarged form.

Figure 5.4 Saving the picture

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

 Select Save Image As from the menu that

opens up.
 Save the image to your folder. (You can give
a new name to your picture if needed).
In this way you can collect all the images you
need of plants, animals and climatic regions for
your digital album and save them to the Images
folder.
After that you can arrange the digital pictures you
have collected and create an album similar to
Mini’s and save it to your folder.
Shall we use the LibreOffice Writer that we are
already familiar with to create the album? You
may remember that we had learnt to include
pictures using Writer in earlier classes.

Permission required
When we use information taken from the internet, we should know whether
we can use it freely or not. We may need to seek the permission of the person
or the organisation that created it.

Let’s assess

1. Find images related to Folk arts of Kerala mentioned in the chapter

‘Padayani’ in the Kerala Padavali using the keyword ‘Folk art kerala’ on the
internet, and save them to your folder.
2. Prepare a write-up on ‘The specialities of various fruits ‘ relating to the
chapter ‘Flower to Flower’ using the key words Simple Fruits, Aggregate
Fruits and False Fruits.
3. Collect any four images of plants and animals that live in the desert and
save them to a folder.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Extended Activities

1. Collect images relating to the topography of different climatic zones and

the plants and animals that live in them. With these images, create a digital
album using LibreOffice Writer.
2. From the Internet choose pictures of various foods that contain
carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals. With the help of LibreOffice
Writer, prepare a wall poster on 'Nutrients in Food and their Sources'.



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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Chapter 6
Into the Wonderful World of the Sky

A moonlit night! Appu went out with his father.

They looked at the sky for a long time.
“How does moon have so much light?”
The moon is not in this shape always, is it?
Does it change its position?
Are there only the sun, the moon and stars in the sky?
Appu has many such doubts

Don’t you also have such doubts?

The sense of wonder instilled in us by the
beautiful sights of the sky is really great.
We are unable to see all these astonishing sights
with our naked eyes. Usually a telescope is used
to observe the sky and its objects.
But telescopes may not be available everywhere.
There are software which imitate the wonders of
universe exactly.
Stellarium is such a software.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Let’s know the Moon

The waxing and waning of the moon has always
fascinated us.
Let’s see how the moon can be observed with the
help of Stellarium software. For this, we have to
do some preparations.
With the help of a calendar find out the next New
Moon day.
Enter in table 6.1 the time of sunset in the 24
hour clock format.

Activity 6.1
Waxing and Waning of the Moon
We know that the shape of the moon changes as
the days pass from the New moon to the Full
moon.
Do we have to wait all these days to observe the
change?
We can do this activity in the computer using the
instructions given below.

 Open Stellarium
Next New Applications  Science  Stellarium
Moon date:
 Adjust the place to our nearest city.
 Adjust the date to the New moon date and
The time of time to the sunset.
Sunset :
 Click the Search window and type
‘Moon’ in the search box that opens and find
moon.
Table 6.1 New moon and the
time of sunset.

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

 Click on the tool Center on selected object

and place the moon at the centre of the screen.
 Zoom and adjust the size of the moon using
the Scroll Wheel of the mouse.
 Move the date one day forward in the Date/
Time window.
 Observe the changes that happen to the shape
Where does the
of moon.
moon go on the new
 Change the software date a day at a time till moon day?
you reach the date of the next Full moon day.
Observe.
 Shade the image of the moon(fig 6.1) as you
have seen in the Stellarium each day and enter
the dates.

Figure 6.1 Let’s draw the shapes of the waxing moon

You have now observed the Waxing of the moon.

Change the date in the software a day at a time till
it reaches the next New moon day and observe
the changes.
Through the Solar system
Sky watching will be interesting if we make use
of a software to identify the position of the
planets.
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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

When we do sky watching

with the help of Stellarium Let’s see how we can use Stellarium software to
software we have to adjust locate the planets.
the location and time Activity 6.2
appropriately. We can
Let’s view the planets.
adjust the location by
clicking on the Location Mars is the closest neighbour of the Earth, isn’t
window tool . Use it? Let’s observe Mars in Stellarium software.
Date/time window tool  Click on the Search window tool in
to adjust the date and Stellarium.
time .
 In the window that opens type ‘Mars’ and
search for it.

 Use Scroll wheel of the mouse to zoom in

and observe Mars.

 Press Print Screen and save the screenshot

of the Stellarium window.
Hide the Earth Similarly, search for the other planets in the solar
system. After taking the screenshot give the names
of the planets as filenames and save them to your
folder. To hide the ground use Ground tool. To
Click the Ground tool darken the sky use the Atmosphere tool.
to see the stellar objects
Let’s make friends with the stars
beyond the earth.
The white dots in Figure 6.2 indicate stars. If we
join the dots, will we get the shape of a scorpion?
Try it.
This is the Scorpius constellation that we see right
over head at night during the month of August and
September and it appears in the shape of a
scorpion.

Figure 6.2 Scorpius constellation

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Compare the pictures that you had drawn with the Zodiac
picture of the Scorpius constellation given in the Leo
chapter ‘Moon and Stars’ of your Basic Science
textbook. Virgo
Libra
It is an interesting aspect of sky watching to
identify constellations on the basis of its shape. Scorpius
Sagittarius
Mind-boggling shapes in the sky can be seen on
the computer with the Stellarium software. Capricornus

Activity 6.3 Aquarius

Pisces
How to identify constellations?
Aries
Let’s search the Scorpius constellation making use
Taurus
of the Stellarium software.
Gemini
 Open the Search window, type ‘Scorpius’ in
Cancer
the search box and find the Scorpius
constellation.

 Click the Constellation lines tool

and display the line diagram of the
Scorpius constellation.

 Use the Constellation art tool

and identify the shape associated with it.
Can we
 Similarly find out the shapes of the see other
constellations given below stellar objects?

 Orion
 Leo
 Virgo

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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Let’s assess

1. Using Stellarium software, search for the star thiruvathira.

2. Use Stellarium to display the picture of constellation that includes

thiruvathira.

3. Search for Venus in Stellarium. Move a month forward to display the

waxing and waning of Venus.

Extended Activities

1. You have prepared a chart of the images of the waxing moon with the help
of Stellarium (Figure 6.1). Compare these with the actual images of the
moon observed during skywatching on the same dates.

2. Select a clear sky at night in February for sky watching.

• Find out the exact time and position to observe the Orion constellation
with the help of Stellarium.
• Observe the sky on that day and identify Orion.



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Information & Communications Technology˛ VI

Notes

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