CHAPTER iy. ECOsysTEM the Functstral wit nethirne whore Living Ogiueme kere omery amseler ond also with the dunay a ebesbia: dg Payal Thee One two basic Aa aquatic. Categorfer oy Cearystem | namely He terresirtl and) + Terrestrial ccaysiom - Forest 1 Passland , desert ete... + Aquatic ecosutem - Ponds , lace, , rtves ete... Tue vebfal dtsetbutin 6, dijeant Sec a cna dt Levels S Glld Straurtitation wy | Te Gmponeuts 5 Hfatane Seer as functimal Unit are (0 Productivtry (0 Decompsaition (a nangy Aow Gy Nubrrent cy ching | : | © =. a ‘ Primany production fs dekinad af Be cumsund ot biomass or organ? matter produced Per unik aren Over a tfme period ty ploxts v is. ts expressed ar in tous gq Gar *) or eed nc), The Tate 0% bfomass production % called Products j Teh expresad m tems of getty! os Cec oD ye! | Te Gn be diveled ‘nto gnats prfmary productivity Gire) and vet Prtmary productivity. (NPR). IPP Oh an €canstem 8 4Re rate of Production df organic mattsr dining pPhotaynthene and pea Se a Wk ake vemashuing btomaas aguen resphriian (2 GPp-R * NPP NpP ff Re onallable bfomass for Gnaumption bo Wahacotrrpla setondany Productfay ty defn) x the rahe OY fpomaon 4 ny, Organic matte ly Guunins . Dearmpastefon Loreouedausn 6} complet. Oropnte matter tte thormaric Wee Coa Hi Oind mubrtucts ts cabled deammposttfon . Daa Plasds Temas Uke Leased, bare , fours and Const detritus. The faportant Stops fr Me prowasas Of decomposiiim One + + Leaching: Soluble inorganic nutrfants déssolve in wali - Percolake Alrogh Bu Sail - Temond dus to leatlung oebion. + Cakabolfsm! Decompawns Gaasteva fungi) Telanses Cnzymes - decompo detritus - Simpler trorgar'c ; Hunditcadion: Stmphiyad dutrteus - conveated to (ares . Hummus % dace , Amorphous dubitorce . Undeagoos decomposition. way Reserveis Of rustritucs (dus +0 collatdal rotun.) He Mioralfiilion : Hummus & dugnadd —rolinsas frowgan'c dubtandl Con, io ee) And vubtady Go, mgr ct)+ Osmatic Cmdilinat som en eel) ound OW Femperthins cd Gnasso bfasis How al \ivimg organi Ane depandint 49% fis food on produaw di s fadinactly. Mate fea undid is 9 wengy, hor te tot) Producers Gud 4am 40 Cmawmen . Pratonyrttatstally active vadtitim (AAR) {S ~espontile. 4a Syritusts dy foal ty plards. Anloalt obtain 48a food Asm Plats . sofiay are called Gonaurnands . Tas. process Of calling Ord beng Caden $s Called food chain tr whith anergy flaw for produce to cman’ . Th gazing food chain lors) Grass ——-—-->? Goat —-—-— Man ——-——> (Produrcad) (Crinnasuy rduumes) Gecmdany Grsuns ) revimad favoun decowmpasibion filo deanmpatition . Tus detrfhat food chain begiu OFC) wh dead organ’c matter. It & made up dk detanpoters Wht are . beeratrephic cngancens Cearg?, Badia. Jw axe also enswn os Soprotapla (sopro- tn deompcce). Stone diguive aneymas Wat lmordswn doad and unste malirials thts stupa , frovganic Metiials , whith are Sulatequenthy adsorived by Ram . Nahunal Rakexcommection df food Chain fam is food web.Fronspr of energy aborts “pom. dkrttual decmpastg eye Maw ery fous Kamm ABs in tasted ebagpstim FAS HR Based on ‘Be douse Q fod , orgavadas Coupila 0 Specie place fa | Feed chain Rak & knwo as tropic Luvel. eroaaples Terthoy names wa comes ft Man, Lon | Secondo Grdumos Taipal jaeplue ae! Birds estas, wolF Comnfvent 2 x Sowa! Prfwany Condunes se oe Zocplanelan , Crasher Primary Produces Fra on Joon phy koplasuctan , grat \€ach tropte lee! has a Cotain mass & Lifag malcal at pantioulile Hinw Colted a4 Standaing Crop . ThA mansuned 0s bitmadt of Living Organkima Oy numlaar Mr Unit area. ical Tha [Link] Brazen tood chan & \rmated casita a eran Kaws 10% Sows ink fs only 107 ia Ouergy Ts tronajaed t each trmph Level fim Be lower tosphe level. In GFL «following hephre Levels one pasrtila produo! haber, promo Comnior, Reordary Garnier. czewiogical Prpomids geoloyfonl — Pyamils ane thie qpaplical representa dF an ecological poraructes Crsurlass , towers jerergy) Sequence wite fh voxtous Toph C levels 6% 0 food Chain wit Producers ot te poss ond Lenbiventt fn tte add ound Comnivanes af He kop HOS. We Can too upright , Pnvented , © Spfirdl Staped . Fesbiny Gnsumn : | i LL noe ee pe . nae a ‘3. Le Ppamide anfeus tophic Levels - & ie oy tadrmass repeat “Be bsomaas fh : fs Pyramid q mast 14 upriyié exupt th aquatic Food Chak, fh Suet {ved planxion. iA & smoas fe, sont quaally. fred necnuat_llrnsd | eds Hat — Pryaplaructon- Faas cprerclly extwo loots 1oo0T 10, 0003 HB waxt trophic level, Some enengy *S alawosys each step. q? Feadsing 1 Digestion | Assimilation, Resptration . ECOLOGICAL = SUCCESSION Te qadual and faidly Predithable. Change in Spuits Gmpostion (0. given orn Colled ta} succession - sucmssion Some Spas — Coloniae an one. ond Heir Duaing ; Pspulatin, beame were numendus wherwas population 6 other saa dechin and ven disappear. orderly and Squentia) chonge tat feads +00. comniunity tak i near equilthrfin &% ued Climo Community . “The erie sequence of Ormmunifia Pat Successtvely Changes na Neon area 9% Called Som ond felitdual trnsitforal Gromusit ane taamed sural Stage 0 Seral Grumunifie. promotoct 1 de aawn Whine 4Pa Wiig caganiams have last dive to in Tegims Lice forest ttre , Gorttquase etc... ccesson OL plats Afe basls OF ating Of Habitat drach Succession tases place th wetter i eal es hasceageeal Progress fom bude to tf mesic Gnditims Succossiava Axes place dy anaas anel Seniat progr tum work 40 mone Grndibiny. Species Rat funds o bore areca Galled Proneer species. IN Primary succession on “Tocks Wehens Ae pfoneer Spectr +Rat rete ates to dittove fia -roces 409 weatheuig +0 fam dail Primary Successton % woalis , tha pomaer Speciat One the th swoall Pla tcplaruetoms ed ora “aaplacad by ae -onting annafaaperm many Succosston fs slow procs as Soil iS net avatlahle for Fonees | Fete ut Secondo succession 1 Gompanaliily fase, dus to Swailadlts St said on ofan rutrferds. A chino ComMmuriely fs Mates “Much foster ?1 Ose of secmdaany Succeastor ProMatePita fn anos Whoe The presents Ge Sai), bums and Capen eye Te fs occurs Hatouqh atmopluse oman and HBaaugh Lug and died organiims. Most ot Gasbon P Fea toy planks duwig t6u process df pI and retions to atmerpluae Fr foxmdk Coa ducing respisabin . Buoning of wood , Amasts fine ond @mbustin of Organic matin , foasil fuelt And volcanic activity ane Offer cémunces Op releasing Ga fn abmosp lure.