chap-16 Files

16.1 Introduction to files

file:A file stored

device
is a collection ofdata on a
secondary storage
like hard disk.

stored be
-data in the file will
permanently stored.

and writing files performed through

Reading into are streams.

streams:stream is a
logical interface to the devices thatare
connected the computer.
to Streams are channels between
afile and program.
- streams acts as buffers to transfer data between program and
secondary storage (Disk/File).
-
3 standard streams in

standard output stream

-
--
stdout terminall
keyboard program
- >

Stain t screen
↓ Stdeur
standard input Statandard error stream.
stream

16.2 Files in
Using C

following steps are

required operate files:
to

1. Declaration of file pointer variable

FILE *Ip;
Pointer to a file.

2.
Opening a file.
-
before data is read/written into file, file must be
opened
in
appropriate mode (read, write, opend) and assigned
a pointer to it.

FILE *p=fopen("filename", model;

Ex: FILE *A=fopen("input ext";'r'); //opens the file in
read model assigns
Ip-Girish mantha
Pointer p to
starting char

page:ol
[Link]
file in write
FILE
*p=topen ("[Link]", 'w'; opens the
mode all contents
evasing
 if already exists;

- creates a new file.

out file. txt

FILE *p=fopen ("input. ext";a); //opens file in

the
write mode, sets to
givish mantha to the end ofexistiting
up -> contents.

[Link]
the file.
3.
Closing
-
disconnects the the pointer from the file,
file the pointer can
be used to access the different file.

fclose (fp);

from files data files

16.3
Rending data 16.4 writing to

I includes.
#

↓
-
↑

i
main)

>? >

[Link] program. C out [Link]

program program
reads the writes the
data from data into
file file
functions used Functions used
Ascanfl> Aprintf()
fgets fputs()
fgetc() Aputcl)
fread() twrite()

⑪ write a c program to copy a text file another, read

to both the

input file nause file name.

and target

include
# (staio.h)
include (string.
# 4)

int main
E
FILE *fp1, *fp2, *p3;
buffer (1000];
char
inputfile (20], outputfile (20],
puts ("Enter input file name with xt extension");
gets (input file); Page:02
 puts ("Enter outputfile name with xt extension");
gets (output file);

↑1= topen (input file, "Will; I open file

for ");
printf ("Enter the contents inputfile:
gets (buffer);

Aputs (buffer, pl); waite data file

Aclose (p1); 1) close the file

↑pI=fopen (inputfile, "w"); open inputfile in read mode

fpz topen (output file, "wi);
=
I/open output file in write mode

I file-to-file copy
while)! eof (p) 1 while not end of file fp-> inputfile
E
Agets (buffer, 100, PI); Ireads 100 bytes from plI
stores in buffer
-puts (buffer, fp2); // writes buffer to
2 (outputfile)
3

printf (" In open the

directory I check the outputfiles",
outputfile);
fclose (AD);
Aclose (fp2);
3
output:
Enter input file name with the extension
a. txt I
with it extension
Enter output file name
b. txt
Enter the contents for inputfile: JNNCE Shivamogga Kartala

and [Link]
Open the
directory check the outputfile:
contents of files
a. At b. txt

JNNCE Shivaloyga
JNNCE Shivaloyga
copied to
-- Karnataka
Karnataka

inputfile outputfile.

page:03