2/4/25, 3:09 PM Definite Integral
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Definite Integral
3.3 Definite Integral
The image shows a mathematical concept related to the value of a definite integral. At the top, there is the text 'VALUE OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL'
surrounded by decorative stars. Below this, there is a mathematical formula enclosed in a blue box. The formula represents the definite integral
of a function f(x) from a to b, and it shows the steps to evaluate it using the antiderivative g(x). The formula is: ∫[a to b] f(x) dx = g(x) + C |[a to b]
= [g(b) + C] - [g(a) + C] = g(b) - g(a) At the bottom of the box, there is the logo of Pandai.
Characteristics of Definite Integrals
For the function f (x) and g(x),
b
∫a f (x) dx = 0
b b
∫a f (x) dx = − ∫a f (x) dx
b b
∫a kf (x) dx = k ∫a f (x) dx, where k is a constant
b c c
∫a f (x) dx + ∫b f (x) dx = ∫a f (x) dx, where a < b < c
b b b
∫a [f (x) ± g(x)] dx = ∫a f (x) dx ± ∫a g(x) dx
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Area of Region between the Curve and the x-axis
Diagram
Formula
The formula for the area of the region A is given by:
b
A = ∫a y dx
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Area of the Above and Below the x-axis
Figure
Description
For the value of the area bounded by the curve and the x-axis,
If the region is below the x-axis, then the integral value is negative.
If the region is above the x-axis, the the integral value is positive.
The areas of both regions are positive.
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Area between the Curve and the y -axis
Figure
Formula
The formula for the area of the region A is given by:
b
A = ∫a x dy
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Area at the Right and Left of the y -aixs
Figure
Description
For a region bounded by the curve and the y -axis,
If the region is to the left of y -axis, then the integral value is negative.
If the region is to the right of y -axis, then the integral value is positive.
The areas of both regions are positive.
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Area between the Curve and a Straight Line
Figure
Formula
The area of the shaded region can be illustrated as follows:
b b
The area of shaded region = ∫ g(x) dx − ∫ f (x) dx
a a
b
= ∫ [g(x) − f (x)] dx
To find the area, make sure that the function of the curve or line on the top is substracted to the function of the curve or line at the bottom.
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The Generated Volume of a Region Revolved at the Axis
Description
The generated volume of a solid when an area is rotated through 360∘ about the x-axis or y -axis.
The value of generated volume is always positive.
The Generated Volume at the x-axis
The generated volume V when a region bounded by the curve y = f (x) enclosed by x = a and x = b is revolved through 360∘ about the x-
axis is given by:
b
V = ∫a πy 2 dx
The Generated Volume at the y -axis
The generated volume V when a region bounded by the curve x = g(y) enclosed by y = a and y = b is revolved through 360∘ about the y -
axis is given by:
b
V = ∫a πx2 dy
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Example 1
Question
The curves y = x2 and y = 3
x intersect at points (0, 0) and (1, 1). Find the area between the two curves.
Solution
1 1
Area of the region = ∫
3
x dx − ∫
x2 dx
0 0
1
= ∫ (x 3 − x2 ) dx
1
4 1
3
= [ 3x − x ]
3
4 3 0
4 1 4 1
= [ 3(1) − 1 ] − [ 3(0) − 0 ]
3 3 3 3
4 3 0 4 3 0
5
= unit2 .
12
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Example 2
Question
1 2
Based on the diagram above, the curve y =
x intersects the stright line y = x at O(0, 0) and A(4, 4). Find the generated volume, in terms
4
of π , when the shaded region is revolved fully about the x-axis.
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Solution
1 2
Let V1 the volume generated by the straight line y = x and V2 be the volume generated by the curve y = x from x = 0 to x = 4.
4
4
V1 = ∫
π(x)2 dx
0
4
= π ∫ (x)2 dx
4
x3
= π[ ]
3 0
43 03
= π[ − ]
3 3
64
= π unit3 .
3
4 2
1
V2 = ∫ π ( x2 ) dx
4
4
1 4
= π∫ x dx
16
4
x5
= π[ ]
16(5) 0
45 05
= π[ − ]
80 80
64
= π unit3 .
5
Thus, the generated volume
= V1 − V2
64 64
= π− π
3 5
8
=8 π unit3 .
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