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Probability and Set Theory Worksheet

This worksheet focuses on probability using sets and includes various problems involving Venn diagrams, calculating probabilities, and determining mutual exclusivity. It covers scenarios such as team selection, defects in automobiles, and patient symptoms, requiring students to analyze data and apply probability rules. The document provides a structured approach to understanding probability concepts through practical examples.

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Dokta Urame
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
24 views6 pages

Probability and Set Theory Worksheet

This worksheet focuses on probability using sets and includes various problems involving Venn diagrams, calculating probabilities, and determining mutual exclusivity. It covers scenarios such as team selection, defects in automobiles, and patient symptoms, requiring students to analyze data and apply probability rules. The document provides a structured approach to understanding probability concepts through practical examples.

Uploaded by

Dokta Urame
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

4.

3  –  Probability  Using  Sets  –  Worksheet  


MDM4U  
Jensen  
 
 
1.  Using  the  Venn  diagram  below,  list  the  number  of  elements  in  each  of  the  following  sets.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
a)  𝑃 ∩ 𝑄         b)  𝑃 ∪ 𝑄           c)  𝑋 ∩ 𝑄  
 
 
 
 
 
d)  𝑋 ∪ 𝑄         e)  𝑌 ∩ 𝑄           f)  𝑃 ∩ 𝑄 ∩ 𝑋  
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.  For  each  of  the  following,  find  the  indicated  probability  and  state  whether  𝐴  and  𝐵  are  mutually  
exclusive.  
 
a)  𝑃 𝐴 = 0.5,      𝑃 𝐵 = 0.2,      𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 0.7,      𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 =?  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
b)  𝑃 𝐴 = 0.7,      𝑃 𝐵 = 0.2,      𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 =? ,      𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 0.15  
 
 
 
 
 
 
c)    𝑃 𝐴 = 0.3,      𝑃 𝐵 =? ,      𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 0.9,      𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 0  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
!
3.  The  probability  that  Kelly  will  make  the  volleyball  team  is  !  and  the  probability  that  she  will  make  the  
! !
field  hockey  team  is  !.  If  the  probability  that  she  makes  both  teams  is  !,  what  is  the  probability  that  she  
makes  at  least  one  of  the  teams?  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.  An  aquarium  at  a  pet  store  contains  20  guppies  (12  females  and  8  males)  and  36  tetras  (14  females  and  
22  males).  If  the  clerk  randomly  nets  a  fish,  what  is  the  probability  that  it  is  a  female  or  a  tetra?  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.  An  automobile  manufacturer  estimates  the  probability  of  a  mechanical  defect  in  the  one  year  warranty  
period  is  0.65.  The  probability  of  any  other  defect  is  0.35.  The  probability  of  encountering  both  types  of  
defect  is  0.20.  What  is  the  probability  of  encountering  any  type  of  defect?  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.  At  the  start  of  flue  season,  Dr.  Anna  Ahmeed  examines  50  patients  over  two  days.  Of  those  50  patients,  
30  have  a  headache,  24  have  a  cold,  and  12  have  neither  symptom.  Some  patients  have  both  symptoms.    
 
a)  Draw  a  Venn  diagram  and  determine  the  number  of  patients  that  have  both  symptoms.    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
b)  Find  the  probability  that  a  patient  selected  at  random…  
 
  i)  has  just  a  headache  
 
 
 
 
 
 
ii)  has  a  headache  or  a  cold  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
iii)  does  not  have  cold  symptoms  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7.  a)  Use  the  table  to  complete  the  following  Venn  Diagram:  
 
 
  #  of  
Team  
  Students  
  Volleyball   15  
 
Basketball   12  
 
  Swimming   10  
  VB  and  BB   8  
 
VB  and  Swim   4  
 
  BB  and  Swim   4  
  All  three   3  
 
 
b)  What  is  the  probability  that  a  student  plays  volleyball?  
 
 
c)  What  is  the  probability  that  a  student  plays  basketball?  
 
 
 
d)  What  is  the  probability  that  a  student  plays  basketball  and  volleyball?  
 
 
 
e)  What  is  the  probability  that  a  student  plays  basketball  or  volleyball?  
 
 
 
 
 
8.  Find  the  probability  that,  when  you  draw  a  single  card  from  a  well-­‐shuffled  standard  deck  of  52  playing  
cards,  you  choose  an  ace  or  a  club.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9.  The  probability  it  will  rain  today  is  0.4  and  the  probability  it  will  rain  tomorrow  is  0.3.  The  probability  
it  will  rain  both  days  is  0.2.  What  is  the  probability  it  will  rain  today  or  tomorrow?  
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.  The  frequency  distribution  shows  the  volume  of  sales  (in  dollars)  and  the  number  of  months  a  sales  
representative  reached  each  sales  level  during  the  past  three  years.  If  this  sales  pattern  continues,  what  is  
the  probability  that  the  sales  representative  will  sell  between  $75000  and  $124999  next  month?  
 
Sales  volume  ($)   Months  
0  –  24  999   3  
25  000  –  49  999   5  
50  000  –  74  999   6  
75  000  –  99  999   7  
100  000  –  124  999   9  
125  000  –  149  999   2  
150  000  –  174  999   3  
175  000  –  199  999   1  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11.  A  blood  bank  catalogs  the  types  of  blood,  including  positive  or  negative  Rh-­‐factor,  given  by  donors  
during  the  last  five  days.  The  number  of  donors  who  gave  each  blood  type  is  shown  in  the  table.  A  donor  
is  selected  at  random.    
 
 
a)  Find  the  probability  that  the  donor    
         has  type  O  or  type  A  blood.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
b)  Find  the  probability  that  the  donor  has  type  B  blood  or  is  Rh-­‐negative.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Answers  
 
1.  a)  15      b)  44      c)  19      d)  43    e)  ∅    f)  9  
 
2.  a)  𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 0,  mutually  exclusive      b)  𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 0.75,  not  mutually  exclusive    
         c)  𝑃 𝐵 = 0.6,  mutually  exclusive  
 
!!
3.  !"  
 
!
4.  !  
 
5.  0.8  
 
! !" !"
6.  a)     b)  i)  !"      ii)  !"      iii)  !"  
 
 
 
 
 
! ! ! !"
7.  a)             b)  !    c)  !    d)  !    e)  !"  
 
 
 
 
!
8.  !"  
 
9.  0.5  
 
!
10.  !  
 
11.  a)  0.851    b)  0.249  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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The probability is determined by summing counts of type O and A and dividing by the total donors. If type O donors are represented as 30%, and type A as 55% of 200 samples, then P(O ∪ A) = 0.3 + 0.55 = 0.85, assuming non-overlapping blood types .

For patients with headaches or colds, we compute from the given: 50 total; 12 with neither symptoms. Subtracting gives 38 with either or both, and with 30 having headaches and 24 with colds, 30 + 24 - x = 38. Solving, x = 16, so 16 patients have both symptoms .

From the sports participation data: 15 play volleyball, 12 basketball, 8 both. Total students can be derived from unique sets. Thus, P(VB ∪ BB) = (15 + 12 - 8)/total. If total is the sum of all distinct groups, say 22, P = (15+12-8)/22 = 19/22 ≈ 0.864 .

Events A and B are mutually exclusive if P(A ∩ B) = 0. The probability of their union, P(A ∪ B), must equal P(A) + P(B). Given P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.5, their sum is 0.8. Since P(A ∪ B) is 0.7, the events are not mutually exclusive, and we must find P(A ∩ B). Using the formula P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B), we solve for P(A ∩ B) = 0.3 + 0.5 - 0.7 = 0.1 .

The probability that Kelly makes the volleyball team is unspecified, but could be symbolized as P(V), and similarly P(H) for field hockey. If P(Both) is given, the probability she makes at least one team is P(V ∪ H) = P(V) + P(H) - P(Both). For instance, if P(V) = 0.6, P(H) = 0.4, and P(Both) = 0.1, then P(V ∪ H) = 0.6 + 0.4 - 0.1 = 0.9 .

In a deck of 52 cards, there are 4 aces and 13 clubs. Among the clubs, one is an ace. The probability of drawing an ace or a club is calculated as follows: P(Ace ∪ Club) = P(Ace) + P(Club) - P(Ace ∩ Club) = 4/52 + 13/52 - 1/52 = 16/52 = 4/13 ≈ 0.308 .

Given P(Mechanical Defect) = 0.65, P(Other Defect) = 0.35, and P(Both Defects) = 0.20, the probability of encountering any defect is calculated as P(Mechanical ∪ Other) = P(Mechanical) + P(Other) - P(Mechanical ∩ Other) = 0.65 + 0.35 - 0.20 = 0.80 .

The probability of it raining either today or tomorrow is found using: P(Rain Today ∪ Rain Tomorrow) = P(Rain Today) + P(Rain Tomorrow) - P(Rain Both Days) = 0.4 + 0.3 - 0.2 = 0.5 .

The sales levels between $75,000 and $124,999 correspond to the ranges $75,000–$99,999 and $100,000–$124,999, which occur for 7 and 9 months respectively. Totaling these gives 16 months. With 36 months covered in total, the probability is 16/36, simplifying to 4/9 or approximately 0.444 .

In the aquarium, there are 20 guppies (12 females) and 36 tetras (14 females and 22 males). To find the probability that the selected fish is a female or a tetra, we apply the formula for probability of union: P(Female ∪ Tetra) = P(Female) + P(Tetra) - P(Female ∩ Tetra). Females total 26 and tetras total 36. The overlap (female tetras) is 14. So P(Female) = 26/56, P(Tetra) = 36/56, and P(Female ∪ Tetra) = (26 + 36 - 14)/56 = 48/56 = 0.857 .

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