Probability and Set Theory Worksheet
Probability and Set Theory Worksheet
The probability is determined by summing counts of type O and A and dividing by the total donors. If type O donors are represented as 30%, and type A as 55% of 200 samples, then P(O ∪ A) = 0.3 + 0.55 = 0.85, assuming non-overlapping blood types .
For patients with headaches or colds, we compute from the given: 50 total; 12 with neither symptoms. Subtracting gives 38 with either or both, and with 30 having headaches and 24 with colds, 30 + 24 - x = 38. Solving, x = 16, so 16 patients have both symptoms .
From the sports participation data: 15 play volleyball, 12 basketball, 8 both. Total students can be derived from unique sets. Thus, P(VB ∪ BB) = (15 + 12 - 8)/total. If total is the sum of all distinct groups, say 22, P = (15+12-8)/22 = 19/22 ≈ 0.864 .
Events A and B are mutually exclusive if P(A ∩ B) = 0. The probability of their union, P(A ∪ B), must equal P(A) + P(B). Given P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.5, their sum is 0.8. Since P(A ∪ B) is 0.7, the events are not mutually exclusive, and we must find P(A ∩ B). Using the formula P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B), we solve for P(A ∩ B) = 0.3 + 0.5 - 0.7 = 0.1 .
The probability that Kelly makes the volleyball team is unspecified, but could be symbolized as P(V), and similarly P(H) for field hockey. If P(Both) is given, the probability she makes at least one team is P(V ∪ H) = P(V) + P(H) - P(Both). For instance, if P(V) = 0.6, P(H) = 0.4, and P(Both) = 0.1, then P(V ∪ H) = 0.6 + 0.4 - 0.1 = 0.9 .
In a deck of 52 cards, there are 4 aces and 13 clubs. Among the clubs, one is an ace. The probability of drawing an ace or a club is calculated as follows: P(Ace ∪ Club) = P(Ace) + P(Club) - P(Ace ∩ Club) = 4/52 + 13/52 - 1/52 = 16/52 = 4/13 ≈ 0.308 .
Given P(Mechanical Defect) = 0.65, P(Other Defect) = 0.35, and P(Both Defects) = 0.20, the probability of encountering any defect is calculated as P(Mechanical ∪ Other) = P(Mechanical) + P(Other) - P(Mechanical ∩ Other) = 0.65 + 0.35 - 0.20 = 0.80 .
The probability of it raining either today or tomorrow is found using: P(Rain Today ∪ Rain Tomorrow) = P(Rain Today) + P(Rain Tomorrow) - P(Rain Both Days) = 0.4 + 0.3 - 0.2 = 0.5 .
The sales levels between $75,000 and $124,999 correspond to the ranges $75,000–$99,999 and $100,000–$124,999, which occur for 7 and 9 months respectively. Totaling these gives 16 months. With 36 months covered in total, the probability is 16/36, simplifying to 4/9 or approximately 0.444 .
In the aquarium, there are 20 guppies (12 females) and 36 tetras (14 females and 22 males). To find the probability that the selected fish is a female or a tetra, we apply the formula for probability of union: P(Female ∪ Tetra) = P(Female) + P(Tetra) - P(Female ∩ Tetra). Females total 26 and tetras total 36. The overlap (female tetras) is 14. So P(Female) = 26/56, P(Tetra) = 36/56, and P(Female ∪ Tetra) = (26 + 36 - 14)/56 = 48/56 = 0.857 .