ECOSYSTEN
Tom Ecdg Koned ERNEST HAACKEL
Tovm EtoMystos canad. by A-G TANSLEY
DEFINITION:
lig cowgononta inltiaction
total lwng and
and mon
(ABIOTICy
TYPES:
() TerRESTIAL : Rout, qamland, dset, (onepiand MAN MADE /AKTIEICIAL
,cuan.. wetlard \Balany
() AQUATTC : [Link], laku, uren 0tan
NATURAL
LARGEST MANMADE ECOSYSTEM : AGROE COSYSTEM
STRUCTURE OF ECOSYSTENM :
physial sbuclie
- Snliacion blw abiic a bistic componenta Lsult in
chaactitit or Aach Rosylm
Enumalion pamt a Aniral sps sps compoahon
tdunti<calin
- Vetital disbubulkon aifeunt aps yng
STRATIPICATION.
Jtobs shubs Trees
Terustial : Grass
:Utoral mnete Prujumdal <One.
- Aquatue
FUNCTION DF ECOSYSTEM
ii) ENERGY FLOW
(iV) NOTRIENT CYCLING
(o PRDDUCTIVITY ( ) DECOMPOSITIDN
Wt
1. PRODUCTIVITY Rate buomass
* | PRODUCTI VITY Ant biomass organie. matev produud
tume
GP GRoss 1° PRODUCTIVITY
- NETI PRODUCTIVITY: GPP-R
NP
AVuinble bionass for connpton by neloiophs (ibivones ldeomposors)
PRoDUCTIVTY Ande
() nbablong tanttaiaa
I10 Bon Inn
NP
4 Bioghene
NIP 6 llion lon J dut to leu pnstbhon
DECONPOsITION
Bakdaon comx gnc malle nlo
Raw matual Liawes,
amcinals DE TRITUS
LaxlhwoM
: DLTRNORES
AUhuch domosc
STEPS (NVOLVED:
maten
mate to small batc
(1) FRAGMENTATION Briak doum 4 soge egne
down m cal and t
mubuens
() LEACHING Nats slube mg
Unawalable salt bacaiai
brlipi älid
(i) CATABOUSM:
fugal Anzymes. JluMUS ndgen
ceo subslance
(N) HuMIEICATION lads to dank
bltus duoradalinn muÜobes
utuent
humus done by
aqadalan
MINERALISATION
FACTORS AFfECTING DECOMPOsrTION:
H,0 kee
CoMPOSITION :
de ilus uch un N, a
uch
subst
* lIMATIC FACTORS "lenysaluse
molure fovoua dttonposlon
Low Anasoobic
3 ENERGY FLON
SoURCE: SUN Laitt hydo thunal Vent cclur nadalon
ol Snudemt solan Aadalon ess han 50 / s
(PAc) Plonl aplüu only 2- 10 PAR
names (re)
Uhucnchonal
takes ate
lo/. LAW DF LINDEMANN
Raten
Frd chaim: he puaen salig and
Food web nicomctd. ed chain
lopuc Vwels (T): seem n Food chaun « wth.
plamte
Producen (T): Tersustial: Gras, hobaceou, a wvody
Aaualc Phybtonkton
Aquatie Zovþanklon,
rconsums(t) Aquatit Zobjanklon, mdlacan
hobivors - Cow, goat
Tevustial Gashetpa
sonsums (T) Bords kshes,
etc
Man, LionTige Enge
Bactua
Domaana ()
*Food chain ON Fod web is fomd due to
imlsdazondung
GRAZING: Gpas Goat< Man
(GFC) mateu
- DETRITUS :
(DFC) trne at
at a bartcalas
STANDING CROP. malual /enganan
Rach lwel.
Neasuid asmass t Grnas (fhen dy uegnt)
(i» umbe ni aça.
ECOLOG \CAL PYRAMIDS
consums
Ie base yad Poducus =Tofp evel
3 - (0 NUMBER () BIOMASS (D ENERGY
Varies wth ye
Pramds sanbe
canbe
inanid umkes
Gyassland Pond aeiylem
Paaales
nuwited
hexbiuoxDus bocs Hauwk
TAe
Spndle
Tevnesual nuentad quauc
Beccuse thane is
Aluayp amsthe
pigot
ECDLDGICAL SUCCESSIDN
The gracual gaiuly udiu lalde ciange in spcies compoulion
anen area wnue h
PRIMARY SUCLESSION: OCcus m
malte
cuald qond
Rio abaut
SECONDARY SUCCeSsIDN: Occe wtAe egelalon
pesent t dustoyia
Ksay 5- 20D
due to natural colamites E
PIONEER COMMUNITY: io nhabt an
CLIMAA CONMUNITY : 10st sable
SERAL COMMUNITY: Jiwme communl tiat change
Pene climax
HYDRA(H SUCCessiON
Phyoplanklon
(PIONEER) Reed suom sage
FORRYt Scub sage t Mavsh miodous
(CuMA)
XERACH CCESION:
lichm Sterts Shubs Foust
(PIONEER) SERAL
(cLIMAx)
NUTRIENT C{CLING: theit
eath
lcdy buddng and mubbdum
at a
STANDING STATE - Ant & mutiants esent
Aachane of bogunate
NUTRIENT CYCLE BlDGEDCHEMICAL CYCLE - (oualion
mubuuns byo ard non
lny components
TPES
() GASEO0S calbon, Nsuyen , cxygn, Hylgem
(w SeDIMENTARY TAOSPHORUS, slph
ECOSYSTEN SERVCES , aesthe
iaue nuIONntal
rccses cohuch
The pts eosyslarm Rke
Andtct RCOnomic value
Maunlaun
habtat
culsal,spueal
aushatic, Tvalues.
Brovce
Caibon
oUrde
ROBERT COSTANZA US $ 33 trullien a
loco d glcal GNP US #is bullon
COst disbubuton <107
(i) Recuaion <I07. o Nubunt
() sel fonalion 50 /.
(io Clumalz ugulaton b1. (o tablat jor uodli<e - b