PURIFICATION & CHARACTERISATION OF
ORGANIC COMPOUND
↑
Purification & characterisation of
Organic compounds
Methods ofPurification of compounds
- organic
1 . Sublimation
2 .
Crystallization
.
3 Distillation
. solvent extraction
9
.
5
Chromatography
Sublimation
-
:
process of Conversion of Sublimable solid to
The
vapor state directly by
state
without
passing through
heating
lig is called sublimation
-
It is used for separation of sublimable volatile compounds
from non sublimable impurities .
This process is used for : Camphor, napthalene
generally ,
Antracene , benzoic and , pthelic anhydride ,
Antoaquinone .
etc
Feystallisation
It is based on the difference in solubilities of comp.
and impurities in a suitable solvent .
Mixture comp and impurities) is dissolved
(containing
in such a solvent where impurities are
very less
soluble ·
Impurities are
separated by filteration and
on
cooling
Satura solution
, pure compound crystallizes not
Above process is to be repeated several times
if components to be separated are having com-
-
parable solubilities
.
The process separation of diff components by repeated
of
Crystallisation is called final cottisation .
DISTILLATION
& distillation
me
It important method to separate
is an
I volatile ligs from non volatile impurities .
& Lig having sufficient diff in B P
..
[more then 40 %]
E Ch1z (334k pp) ↑Phone (157k
, , BP)
Ex. Ether & Toluene
Ex. Benzene & Aniline
-
FRACTIONAL DISTELLATION
It is used when diff in BP blu two comp is less than
40 %
Examples : ① Acetone & Meot
② Banzene & Toluene
③ Etot and methylated spirit .
provides for heat
Fractionating Column many surfaces
exchange b/w acending vapors and decending vap.
Each condensation & vap
successive unit the
in
frectionating
Column is called a thoretical plate
Distillation under reduced pressure
As ext press ↑ ,
BP4
External pressure is reduced with the help of
vaccum pump so that BP is reduced .
This method is applicable for those substances
which have low decomposition [Link] direct
distillation can not be used .
Ex ① Glycerine , 102 ,
McMo .
② Glycerol is purified from spent-lye in saap
industry
.
Distillation
-team
This method is used for separation & purification of
organic compounds which
Dare steam volatile -
) are insoluble in water -
3 possess high v P . .
⑨ contains non volatile impurities
.
done for aniline, nitrobenzene bromobenzers
This is
generally :
,
,
o-nitropheno , o-hydrony benzaldehyde ..... etc .
DIFFERENTIAL EXTRACTION
e
-
EXTRACTION MetroD)
#LENT
The
process of isolating org comp
an from its ag Solution
by shaking
immiscible with
with a suitable
water is
solvent which
organic
called differential
is
extraction .
Internet used for this SePARTING FUNNEL
-
Ex Benzoic and can be extrected from its solution
o
ag
benzene as solvent
using .
Generally
due
ether is used as solvent for this method
to
following properties :
① Its less reactivity
I Less B P
. .
3) High solubility of organ Comp
.
a Its less polarity .
Separiting
Funnel
soluble in organic solvent,
If organic comp is less a
very
large quantity of solvent would be required . In such
GSeS CONTINUOUS EXTRACTION is used .
CHROMATOGRAPHY
This techinque consistsof tuo
the 2nd
phases one is star
to
-
tionney phase while phase is allowed
more
slowly over the
stationary .
phose
This techingle is based on the rates at which the
components of the mixture moves
through a
porous
medium (stationaly under the
phase) influence of
some solvent or
gas (known as mobile phase)
# e
Paper chromatography
1 . Column solid Liquid
2 . Thin layer solid
ou
Liquid
Crigh
.
3 Paper liquid liquid
-