Role of Prohibited Substance Abuse in Students Lives

___________________________________________________________

A Research

Presented to the faculty of Senior High School

______________________________________________

In partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in

Practical Research 1

_________________________

By

Alliah M. Dikit

Wendel Z. Cadaa

Alwin T. Maduyag

May 2023
 APPROVAL SHEET

A Practical Research 1 is presented to the Senior High School Faculty of

Caraga National High School, Poblacion, Caraga, Davao Oriental Entitled

“Role of Prohibited Substance Abuse in Students Lives” Prepared

and Submitted by Dikit, Alliah M., Cadaa, Wendel Z., Maduyag, Alwin T.

Jemar M. Bandaja

Practical Research 1 Adviser

_____________________________________________________

PROOFREADER

_____________________________________________________

JEMAR M. BANDAJA

Practical Research 1 Adviser

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment in practical Research 1 of

Senior High School Department of Caraga National High School

 Abstract

Prohibited substance abuse among students is a growing concern

globally, with detrimental effects on their physical health, mental well-

being, academic performance, and overall development. This research

review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of

prohibited substance abuse in students' lives, examining its prevalence,

underlying factors, consequences, and potential intervention strategies.

To address this issue effectively, multifaceted intervention strategies

are required. Prevention efforts should focus on education, raising

awareness about the risks associated with substance abuse, and fostering

healthy coping mechanisms. School-based programs that enhance social-

emotional skills, provide positive peer support, and involve parents have

shown promise. Additionally, early identification of substance abuse

problems and access to evidence-based treatment services are crucial for

those already affected.

In conclusion, prohibited substance abuse significantly impacts

students' lives, affecting their physical and mental health, academic

performance, and overall well-being. This research review underscores the

need for comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies that target

individual, social, and environmental factors to mitigate the negative

consequences of substance abuse and promote a healthy and thriving

student population.
 Acknowledgement

We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our

research Adviser, Mr. Jemar Bandaja, for giving us an opportunity to

learn and explore, To our Parents for giving us a chance to do the

research, providing a valuable guidance,sustaining resources and moral

support. To our friend and classmates for letting us use their laptops and

correcting the errors of ours and made this endeavor a successful one.

We’re very much grateful for them for helping us in reaching and building

our goals. It is very impossible to achieve such feat without the help of

these kind-hearted individuals.

Moreover, we considered this study as an opportunity to give or

provide something to the institution especially to Caraga National High

School. From our warmest felicitation. We would like to thank everyone for

helping us made this study a successful one.

Above all, to the Father almighty, the creator of all thank you for sustaining

enough knowledge and for sustaining us enough energy and wisdom.

 Chapter I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Substance abuse is a common phenomenon in the world and has

invaded the human society as the most important social damage.

Substance abuse is a non-adaptive model of drug use, which results in

adverse problems and consequences, and includes a set of cognitive,

behavioral, and psychological symptoms (World Health Organization,

2018).

Iran also, due to its specific human and geographic features, has a

relatively high degree of contamination. The World Health Organization's

report in 2005 shows that there are about 200 million opiate addicts in the

world, reporting the highest prevalence in Iran and the most frequency in

the 25–35 year-age group. The onset of drug use is often rooted in

adolescence, and studies show that substance abuse is often related to

cigarette and alcohol consumption in adolescence. Results of studies

indicate that age, being male, high-risk behaviors, and the existence of a

cigarette smoker in the family or among friends, the experience of

substance abuse, inclination and positive thoughts about smoking have

relationship with adolescent cigarette smoking.

When Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte assumed office in

2016, his government launched an unprecedented campaign against

illegal drugs. The drug problem in the Philippines has primarily been

viewed as an issue of law enforcement and criminality, and the

government has focused on implementing a policy of criminalization and

punishment. The escalation of human rights violations has caught the

attention of groups in the Philippines as well as the international

community (Holmes, 2017).

According to Kine 2017, The drug problem in the Philippines has

primarily been viewed as an issue of law enforcement and criminality, and

the government has focused on implementing a policy of criminalization

and punishment. This is evidenced by the fact that since the start of the

“war on drugs,” the Duterte government has utilized punitive measures

and has mobilized the Philippine National Police (PNP) and local

government units nationwide. With orders from the President, law

enforcement agents have engaged in extensive door-to-door operations.

Recognizing its exemplary anti-illegal drug practices, the provincial

government of Davao Oriental once again received the prestigious

National Anti-Drug Abuse Council (ADAC) Award with a corresponding

P100,000 cash incentive. Currently, out of the 183 barangays in the

province, 171 were declared drug-cleared barangays, while five were

declared drug-free, with only seven remaining uncleared barangays

targeted for clearing. (Alvite, 2023).

 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to explore the role of prohibited substance abuse in

students life on how it affects students wellbeing.

Specifically, this study attempted to seek answer to the following

questions;

1. What are the effects of prohibited substance abuse on students' academic

performance?

2. How does prohibited substance abuse impact students' physical and

mental health?

3. Why is there a continuous prevalence of prohibited substance abuse

despite educational campaigns and policies?

Scope and Limitations

This study focuses only on the Role of Prohibited Substance

Abuse in Students Lives. Therefore, the Senior High school Students

serves as our informants as they are prone to such activities.

The researchers gave the prior information to the informants,

and a face to face interview through open ended questionnaires.

 Operational Definition of Terms

Lives – plural of life

Prohibited- to officially refuse to allow something

Role - the function assumed or part played by a person or thing in a

particular situation.

Students - a person who is studying at a school or college.

Substance Abuse - also known as drug abuse, is the use of a drug in

amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others. It is a

form of substance-related disorder. Differing definitions of drug abuse are

used in public health, medical, and criminal justice contexts.

 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter will present interrelated ideas for understanding the

negative impact of prohibited substance abuse in students lives. These

include brief descriptions of substance abuse, a section on students well-

being and mental health.

Prohibited Substance Abuse

According to the American Institutes for Research, Substance abuse

encompasses a harmful pattern of use of alcohol, tobacco products, and

illegal drugs; this includes the presence of substance use and trade within

school and campus environments and during school-related activities. The

use of alcohol, tobacco, and other illegal drugs undermines students’

ability to achieve success academically. Substance abuse is associated

with other harmful behaviors, and is incompatible with a school climate of

respect, safety, and support for learning.

Substance abuse is a common phenomenon in the world and has

invaded the human society as the most important social damage.

Substance abuse is a nonadaptive model of drug use, which results in

adverse problems and consequences, and includes a set of cognitive,

behavioral, and psychological symptoms (Siam SH. 2005).

 Students’ Substance Use

Substance use trends among school-aged young people are

dynamic and influenced by social and political factors (L. D. Johnston et

al., 2018). Assessing and monitoring substance use trends among

students informs decisions made by policymakers, administrators, and

school counselors about education and treatment interventions (L. D.

Johnston et al., 2018). Additionally, substance use trends among school-

aged young people are often indicative of future substance use trends as

they become adults. For example, school-aged young people who abstain

from cigarette smoking in childhood and adolescence often continue to

abstain from cigarette smoking in adulthood.

Childhood and adolescence are critical times for preventing,

identifying, and treating substance use among young people. School-aged

young people who use drugs are at risk of developmental neurological

delays, traffic accidents, delinquency, mental health disorders, delayed

social development, family conflicts, and sexually risky behaviors (CDCP,

2017; L. D. Johnston et al., 2018). Furthermore, people who begin using

substances during childhood and adolescence have increased risks for

SUDs later in life (S. E. Nelson, Van Ryzin, & Dishion, 2015).

SUDs are diagnosable disorders characterized by continued

substance use despite significant problems caused by the use (American

Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). SUDs cause, and are perpetuated

by, changes in brain functioning that cause impaired control, intense

cravings, and repeated unsuccessful attempts to stop or decrease use

(APA, 2013). SUDs are caused by various genetic, environmental, social,

and biological factors (Sloboda, Glantz, & Tarter, 2012). Although SUDs

causes are multifactorial and debatable (Sloboda et al., 2012), early

identification and treatment of students who use alcohol and other drugs

are effective at preventing long term negative consequences such as

health issues, job and financial issues, and family issues (Center for

Substance Abuse Treatment (Carney & Myers, 2012).

Substance use is a major public health concern that affects all

segments of societies, of which, adolescents are the most vulnerable age

group for developing substance use problems. According to many

researchers’ findings, this is because age represents a time in biological

and social development associated with increased risk-taking behaviors;

as such, experimentation with drugs and alcohol often begins in

adolescence (Hagell, 2013; Schulte and Hser, 2014). In Africa, there are

substantial evidences that revealed a prevalent use and abuse of

psychoactive substance among adolescents in the region (James, 2014;

Gudaji and Habib, 2016).

Negative Impact of Prohibited Substance Abuse in Students

Lives
 Prohibited substance abuse casts a dark shadow over the lives of

students, causing significant harm in various aspects. Substance abuse in

young adults and university students is a frequent issue and a major public

health concern. Recent research indicates that tobacco, alcohol and illegal

drug consumption is highly prevalent among university students,

especially regarding cannabis use (Paramo, 2020).

Tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, and illegal drug consumption have

serious consequences on both individual and public health. Binge drinking

is associated with deficits in different executive functions depending on the

integrity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, such as verbal and spatial

working memory (Parada, 2012). difficulties in adaptation to academic life,

and poorer performance at university (Martinez, 2015), especially if

students combine alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis consumption.

Prohibited substances wreak havoc on the physical and mental well-

being of students. Substance abuse often leads to deteriorating physical

health, including damage to vital organs, impaired immune system,

malnutrition, and increased vulnerability to diseases. Additionally, students

battling addiction are more prone to mental health disorders such as

anxiety, depression, and psychosis. The interplay of substance abuse and

mental health issues creates a vicious cycle, exacerbating the negative

impact on students' lives (Mason, 2020).

This is to be expected as cannabis use alone has major effects on

several executive functions independently of alcohol abuse, like poorer

inhibitory control, working memory, delayed memory and perceptual

reasoning (Morin, 2019). Substance abuse has a devastating impact on

students' academic performance. As addiction takes hold, priorities shift

from studying and learning to obtaining and consuming drugs or alcohol.

Persistent substance abuse leads to poor concentration, memory

impairment, and diminished cognitive abilities. Students who are under the

influence are more likely to skip classes, miss assignments, and

experience a decline in grades. Ultimately, substance abuse hampers their

potential, hindering their academic and intellectual growth. (Dormal, 2019).

Substance abuse strains relationships within a student's life,

including those with family, friends, and teachers. As addiction takes hold,

students may become distant, secretive, and unreliable. Trust is eroded as

loved ones witness the destructive behavior associated with substance

abuse (Buckner, 2018). Friendships suffer, as relationships become

centered around substance abuse rather than genuine connections.

Teachers and mentors are also affected, witnessing the decline of

promising students and feeling helpless in their efforts to intervene

(Fernandez, 2015).

Factors that Contributes to the Substance Abuse in Students

There are several factors that contribute to explaining substance

abuse in university and high school students. Risky behaviors in

secondary and higher education are heavily influenced by students’

expectations and abilities to cope with and to adjust to the highly

competitive and challenging new environment (Taremian, 2018). Students

who struggle with transitioning to secondary and university are at higher

risk for substance abuse, but individual, family and environmental related

factors associate with risky behaviors as well. The effects of sex roles on

substance abuse is not clear, as some studies report that young men are

more likely to engage in risky alcohol and drug behaviors, but others

authors have reported the opposite (Khan, 2014).

Students living away from the family home (i.e., students who live

with other students) are at greater risk of engaging in unhealthy lifestyles,

including tobacco smoking, risky alcohol behavior and drug abuse

(Paramo, 2020). This is of particular importance given that a high

percentage of students live away from home during the academic year

(Espinosa, 2019).

While there seems to be an interaction between tobacco smoking,

risky alcohol behavior and drug consumption, few studies have estimated

how tobacco smoking and alohol abuse in higher education students

interrelate with environmental factors to predict drug consumption.

Apart from individual and environmental effects on substance abuse,

use of tobacco and alcohol have been reported as risk factors for illegal

drug consumption in higher education students in both cross-sectional and

longitudinal studies (Szalay, 2019). Tobacco smoking increases the risk of

both illicit drug use (i.e., cannabis use, illegal drug use and other non-

medical use of prescription drugs) and alcohol abuse (De Salvia, 2019).
Students with risky alcohol behavior are more likely to show illegal drug

abuse as well (White, 2019).

Chapter III

Method

Research Design

This research study used qualitative research design.

Qualitative method provides a details about human behavior, emotions,

and of course perception that quantitative studies cannot match.

The only way to explore the role of prohibited substance

abuse in students lives is through primary research. In order to do so, this

study used descriptive method research design with a sequential

questions for gathering information data. This is used to determine the

factors contributed to usage of the prohibited substance abuse.

Research Respondents

The study was conducted outside the campus as the researcher’s

main respondents are the students who are taking face to face classes.

This study was conducted over a period of 1 week. In choosing an

informant, this study engages in the purposive sampling technique

(judgmental, selective or subjective sampling). This is the basic type of

sampling, since it can be a component of other sampling method. At the

same time, this is known for unbiased way of choosing respondents.

Furthermore, the participation of the students as a respondents was

selective based on their grade level and ability to answer the questions

and it was informed that there was a high confidentiality/privacy throughout

the whole study.

Sampling Method

Generally, the researcher used purposive sampling with at

least five respondents will be utilized, the researcher will see to it that the

respondents are senior high school students and taking face to face

classes learning to avoid bias and to provide or sustain a more sufficient

data.

Research Instruments

This study utilized/conducted by face to face interview with

guide question. This is the main tool that has been used in gathering data

needed for the study. This study is conducted in order to assess the

knowledge and idea of the students regarding the role of prohibited

substance abuse in students lives.

.
 Data Gathering Procedure

In conducting a research, certain procedures will be observed.

In doing so, ethical procedures will be observed too. Hence, the study will

have undergone the following procedures on gathering data to answer the

objectives of the study.

The researchers present problem with corresponding three

questions to the teacher in practical research 1 for validation. Upon

validating a permission letter to conduct a study is sent to the principal’s

office for approval.

Thereafter, the researcher will set up a schedule for

conducting a research. The researcher will roam around to visit and

interview the respondents. It will be assured that their survey responses

would be confidential.

When all the responses are settled or identified, the guide

questionnaire will be read into the respondents. The said questionnaire

tackles about the roles of prohibited substance abuse in students lives.

Direction will be read and explained to the respondents.

 Data Analysis

The analysis of the collected data will be done through textual

form using Thematic Approach. The following is the steps in analyzing

data. Firstly, the gathered answers from the respondents/students must be

analyze and studied carefully. Secondly, the answers being transcribed

were read several times for a deeper understanding, and with exclusion of

the irrelevant data and information was taken place. Thirdly, unit of the

analysis was separated forming a group of information that is related to

each other. In this way, the answers having the same thoughts were

interpreted as they were.

However, the words of the respondents must be retained so

that its legitimacy, confidentiality and consistency will remain.

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