BASIC LIFE SUPPORT/CARDIO
PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
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CONTENT OUTLINE
Definition
Indications and Contraindications
Importance of CPR
Quality CPR
Equipment
Guidance to be followed before giving life support or CPR to Covid 19 cases
Steps to be followed for CPR
CPR(Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
Complications
Automated external defibrillator
Use of AED in CPR
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BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS)
Basic life support (BLS) is a series of treatments to
maintain respiration and circulation in the victim.
BLS includes Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) with
chest compressions and rescue breathing, and
defibrillation with an AED (Automated External
Defibrillator), which can be performed immediately by
any lay person, and is considered to have a major role in
neurologically intact survival of the victim.
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INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS
INDICATIONS
Suddenly Collapsed
Loss of consciousness
Pulseless bradycardia
Cardiac arrest
Respiratory Arrest
CPR should not be performed on a conscious person to check consciousness:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Spraying water on the face
Scratching on the cheek
Calling the person
Water should not be poured
on the face
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THE IMPORTANCE OF CPR
Before the ambulance arrives, the doctor sees the
person inside and we can take the initial steps to save
his life.
When a person's heart stops beating suddenly, the
person falls to the ground by stopping blood flow to the
brain and due to unconsciousness and the person may
die within the first few minutes.
Anyone, at any time, can come across this and if the
person knows what to do at that time, they will be the
ones who saved that life. This procedure can be done
without drugs, objects, or injections.
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A QUALITY CPR
• Ensure proper hand placement
• Compressing the chest at an adequate rate and
depth.
• Allow complete chest recoil after each compression
• Avoiding excessive ventilation.
• The recommended chest compression rate is 100
to 120/min.
• The recommended chest compression depth for
adults is at least 2 inches (5 cm) but not greater
than 2.4 inches (6 cm).
• Avoid leaning on the victim between compressions
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EQUIPMENT
CPR, in its most basic form, can be
performed by anyone without the
need for specialized equipment.
Pocket Mask
Universal precautions (i.e., gloves, hat,
gown) should be taken.
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GUIDANCE TO BE FOLLOWED BEFORE
GIVING LIFE SUPPORT OR CPR TO COVID
19 CASES
Hand hygiene steps must be followed
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
must be worn.
Making sure not to crowd.
Those who come to help need to know
the status of the patient before they
arrive at the scene or when
transferring the patient to a second
setting.
Cover the victim's mouth and nose with
a mask, towel or cloth before starting
chest compressions.
Do not give oral breath
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STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED FOR CPR
• Wear PPE
• Check for Scene safety
• Recognition of cardiac arrest:
• Check for responsiveness
• No breathing or only gasping
(i.e., no normal breathing )
• No definite pulse felt within 10
seconds
• Call for help / activate EMS
• Start CPR If 2 are available –
one will start CPR
• Other will activate EMS & Get
AED
vedio link: [Link]
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STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED FOR CPR
Note whether the pulse is
beating:
Place the fingers of the hand
evenly on the trachea in the
middle of the neck 1cm to the
side where you stand and check
the pulse.
Covid 19 should not be seen
breathing in or out for 5-10 Sec.
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CARDIO PUMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
• If the nerve stops, CPR
should be done
immediately.
• Cardio (C) = cardiac
• Pulmonary (P) =
pulmonary
• Resuscitation (R) =
resuscitation (bringing
a dying person back to
life). But if we do CPR
within 8 minutes there
is a chance of survival
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POSITIONING OF RESCUER
• To perform CPR, the patient should lie on his back (supine
position).
• Stand very close to the patient and start putting pressure
on the patient's chest.
• Use only the lower part of the palm.
• Place your 2 hands on the lower half
of the breastbone (sternum), between the nipples.
• Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your
elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above
your hands.
[Link]
&ved=2ah
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POSITIONING OF RESCUER
• Use your upper body weight (not
just your arms) as you push
straight down on (compress) the
chest at least 2 inches
(approximately 5 centimeters) but
not greater than 2.4 inches
(approximately 6 centimeters).
AIRWAY & BREATHING
• After 30 chest compressions open
airway by head tilt – chin lift and
deliver 2 breaths
• Give 2 rescue breaths, watch for
chest raise .
• Use a pocket mask for safety
reasons 13
[Link]
COMPRESSION TO VENTILATION RATIO
COMPONENTS RATIO HAND PLACEMENT AND DEPTH
ADULT/ 30:2 Place 2 hands on the lower half of
ADOLESENTS the breastbone (sternum).
DEPTH- Push down at least 2
inches(5cm)
CHILDREN 30:2 – 1 Place 1 hand on the lower half of the
(Age 1 year to rescuer sternum.
puberty) 15:2 – 2 DEPTH- Push down at least one
rescuer third AP diameter of chest. About 2
arrives inches (5cm)
INFANTS (Age 15: 2 Place 2 fingers in the middle of the
less than 1 year, breast bone.
excluding DEPTH - Push down at least one
Newborn) third AP diameter of chest. About
1⅟2 inches (4cm) 14
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
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COMPLICATIONS
• Fracture ribs
• Liver contusions or
lacerations
• Vomiting and aspirations
• Bruising and tissue injury
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AED
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR
• An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable
electronic device that automatically diagnoses the life-
threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation
(VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and is able to
treat them through defibrillation, the application of
electricity which stops the arrhythmia, allowing the heart
to re-establish an effective rhythm.
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USE OF AED IN CPR
• Resume chest
compressions
• If no response after 5
cycles ( 2 mins ) .
• Deliver shock if AED
available .
• Resume CPR .
• If no AED available
continue CPR till signs
of recovery appears /
Emergency team
arrives.
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REFERENCES
• American Heart Association
[Link]
[Link]
• [Link]
information/transmission-based-precautions-and-prevention
• Health care emergency codes A guide for code
standardization [Link]
attachments/2009_emergency_codes.pdf.
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