College of Engineering Pune
MA 20004 : Vector Calculus and Partial Differential Equations
S.Y. [Link]. Semester IV (All Branches)
Academic Year: 2022-23
Tutorial 7
Coordinator: Dr. C. M. Deshpande
1. Find the directional derivative of f at P in the direction of a
where
2 2
√ + y ), P : (4, 0), a = i − j
(a) f = ln(x
Ans: 1/2 2
(b) f = xyz, P : (−1, 1, 3), a = i − 2j + 2k
Ans: 7/3
2. Let f = xy − yz, v = [2y, 2z, 4x + z], w = [3z 2, 2x2 − y 2, y 2].
Find
(a) div(grad f) (b) grad(div w) (c) div(curlv) (d) Dw f at (1,1,0) (e)
[(curl v) × w] · w
3. Prove the following:
(i) (u · v)′ = u′ · v + u · v′ Hence prove that a non zero vector
of constant length is perpendicular to its derivative.
(ii) (u × v)′ = u′ × v + u × v′
4. For f = x2 − y 2 and g = ex+y , verify div (f ∇g)−div (g∇f ) =
f ∇2g − g∇2f .
5. Find the direction and magnitude of the force in an electrostatic
field f at the point P :
f = ln(x2 + √ y 2); P (4, 2)
Ans: [2/5, 1/5], 5/5
f = 2x2 + 4y 2 + 9z√2
; P (−1, 2, −4)
Ans: [−4, 16, −72], 1/ 341[−4, 16, −72]
6. For what points P (x, y, z) does gradient of f = 25x2 +9y 2 +16z 2
have the direction from P to origin?
Ans: Points along the coordinate axes
2 2
7. The flow of heat in a temperature field T = ex −y sin 2xy takes
place in the direction of maximum decrease of temperature T .
Find the direction of the flow in general and at the point P (1, 1).
Ans: -grad(T) and -grad(T) at P
8. Find the unit normal vector for the surface x2 + y 2 + 2z 2 = 26
at the point P (2, 2, 3). Also find the equation of tangent plane
and normal
√ line through that point.
Ans: 1/ 11[1, 1, 3], x + y + 3z = 13, r = [2 + t, 2 + t, 3 + 3t]
9. If on a mountain the elevation above sea level is z(x, y) =
1500 − 3x2 − 5y 2[meters], what is the direction of steepest as-
cent at P (−0.2, 0.1)?
Ans: Ans: [1.2, −1]
10. What is the directional derivative of f = xy 2 + yz 3 at the point
(2, −1, 1) in the direction of the normal to the surface (x ln z) −
2
y 2 = −4 √
at (-1,2,1)?
Ans: 15/ 17
11. Find the angle between the surfaces x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 and z =
x2 + y 2 − 3 at √
the point (2,-1,2).
Ans: cos−1(1/ 6)
12. Find divv and its value at P:
v = [0, sinx2yz, cosxy 2z], P (1, 1/2, −π)
(i) √
Ans: 2/8
(ii) v = (x2 + y 2 + z 2)−3/2[−x, −y, −z]
Ans: 0
13. Find v3 such that divv is greater than zero everywhere if v =
[x, y, v3]
Ans: v3 = kz, k > −2
14. Find potential field f for given v or state that v has no potential.
(a) [xy, 2xy, 0] (b) [x2 − yz, y 2 − zx, z 2 − xy]
Ans: No potential, f = (x3 + y 3 + z 3)/3 − xyz + c
15. If u and v are irrotational, then show that u × v is incompress-
ible.
16. Plot the the given velocity field of a fluid flow in a square cen-
tered at the origin. Recall that the divergence measures out-
flow minus inflow. By looking at the flow near the sides of the
square, can you see whether div v must be positive or negative
or zero?
3
(a) v = xi (b) v = xi + yj (c) v = xi − yj
17. The velocity vector v(x, y, z) of an incompressible fluid rotat-
ing in a cylindrical vessel is of the form v = w × r, where w is
the constant rotation vector. Show that div v = 0.
18. The velocity vector v = [x, y, −z] of a fluid motion is given. Is
the flow irrotational? Incompressible?
Ans: Yes, No
19. Find the values of the constants a,b,c so that the directional
derivative of f = axy 2 + byz + cz 2x3 at (1,2,-1) has a maxi-
mum of magnitude 64 in a direction parallel to z-axis.
Ans: -6, -24, 8 or 6, 24, -8
20. Find the directional derivative of f = e2x cos(yz) at (0,0,0) in the
direction of tangent to the curve x = a sin t, y = a cos t, z =
at at t = π/4.
Ans: 1
21. In what directions is the derivative of f (x, y) = (x2 − y 2)/(x2 +
y 2) at P (1, 1) equal to zero?
Ans: [1, 1]
22. Is there a direction u in which the rate of change of f (x, y) =
x2 − 3xy + 4y 2 at P (1, 2) equals 14 ? Give reasons to your
answer. √
Ans: No since directional derivative can be at most 185
23. The√derivative of f (x, y) at point P0(1, 2) in the direction of i+j
is 2 2 and in the direction of −2j is -3. What is derivative of f
4
in the direction
√ of −i − 2j?
Ans: −7/ 5
24. We know that the gradient of differentiable function of two
variables at a point is always normal to the function’s level
curve through that point. Further, the line through a point
P0(x0, y0) normal(perpendicular) to a vector Ai + Bj has the
equation A(x − x0) + B(y − y0) = 0. Using these facts, find an
2
equation for the tangent to the ellipse x4 + y 2 = 2 at the point
(-2,1).
Ans: 2y − x = 4
25. A differentiable scalar field f has at the point (1, 2), directional
derivative +2 in the direction toward (2, 2) and -2 in the di-
rection toward (1, 1). Determine the gradient vector at (1, 2)
and compute the directional derivative in the direction toward
(4, 6).
Ans: [2, 2],14/5
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