NOTRE DAME OF TRECE MARTIREZ
WEEK 4
Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Distinguish the various roles of different individuals in society and how they
can influence people through their leadership or followership;
2. Compare one’s perception of himself or herself, and how others see him or
her
LESSON 10: SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN MIDDLE AND LATE
ADOLESCENCE
WHAT IS SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP?
Social relationships – tend to be less intimate, with lesser self-disclosure
involved, but may still be exclusive, and may demand certain levels of loyalty as in
fraternities or religious organizations.
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Social influence is defined as things such as behaviour, actions, attitude, concepts, ideas,
communications, wealth, and other resources that bring about changes in the beliefs,
attitudes, and/or behaviour of persons as a result of the action/s of another person
(Rashotte).
TYPES OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE (Herbert Kelman, Harvard Psychologist):
1. Compliance – is when a person seems to agree, and follows what is requested or
required of him or her to do, but does not necessarily have to really believe or
agree to it;
2. Identification – is when a person is influenced by someone he or she likes or
looks up to, like a movie star, a social celebrity, or a superhero; and
3. Internalization – is when a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is
willing to make it known publicly and privately.
Social scientists and psychologists identified other types of social influence as:
• Conformity – is a type of social influence that involves change in behaviour,
belief, or thinking to be like others.
• Conversion – occurs when an individual whole-heartedly changes his or her
original thinking and beliefs, actions, and attitudes to align with those of the
other members of a group.
• Minority influence – happens when a bigger number of people are influenced by
a much smaller number of people and when the minority’s way of looking at and
doing things are accepted.
• Reactance – is when there is a willing rejection of social influence being exerted
on an individual or group. This is also known as anti- or non-conformity.
• Obedience – is another form of social influence wherein a person follows what
someone tells him or her to do.
• Persuasion – is used by one person or group to influence another to change their
beliefs, actions, or attitudes by appealing to reason or emotion.
NOTRE DAME OF TRECE MARTIREZ
LEADERSHIP AND THEORIES
Chester Barnard (1938) defined leadership as the ability of a person in position of
authority to influence others to behave in such a manner that goals are achieved.
Theories of Leadership:
1. Trait Theory –defines leadership based on certain personality traits which are
generally suited for all leaders, such as decisiveness, persistence, high level of
self-confidence and assertiveness, among others.
2. Behavioural Theory – presupposes that leadership is learned behaviour, and that
leaders are defined according to certain types of behaviour they exhibit.
3. Participative Theory – the opposite of an autocratic leader, the participative
leader involves other people to make common decisions.
4. Situational Theory – assumes that there is no one style of leadership and that
leadership behaviour is based on the factors present in a situation, and usually
takes into consideration how followers behave.
5. Transactional Theory – states that leadership involves a transaction or negotiation
of resources or position, and usually employs reward and punishment.
6. Transformational Theory –involves a vision, which a leader uses to rally support
from followers, and the role of the leader is in motivating others to support the
vision and make it happen.
GRADE LEVEL: 12 WEEK 4
SUBJECT: PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT 4thQUARTER
TOPIC: Social Relationship LESSON: 10
NAME:___________________________________________ STRAND/SECTION:________________________
ACTIVITY 1.
Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. What kind of influence would you like to have on others? How do you use social
media to influence other people?
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2. Describe your own type of leadership or the type of leadership you would like to
own and practice. What made you decide on this type of leadership?
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NOTRE DAME OF TRECE MARTIREZ