Angle Modulation Signal Analysis Guide
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aloneboysandeep17Angle Modulation Signal Analysis Guide
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Powered by AITo transform the narrowband FM signal to a wideband FM signal, the frequency multiplier factor (n) is determined by the ratio of the desired peak frequency deviation to the initial peak frequency deviation. Hence, n = 2500 Hz / 20 Hz = 125. Therefore, the carrier frequency must also be scaled by this factor; thus, the new carrier frequency is 200 kHz * 125 = 25 MHz .
Determining local oscillator frequencies relies on achieving both the desired carrier frequency and phase coherence. The oscillator frequency must match the difference or sum to reach the broader goal frequency, satisfying the FM requirements. Two solutions involve either an additive or subtractive method within practical oscillator limits .
When y(t) = 10 cos ((2π 106t) + 0.1sin(2π 103t)) is considered as a PM signal with Kp = 10, the baseband signal m(t) can be derived from the relationship m(t) = φ(t)/Kp, where φ(t) = 0.1sin(2π 103t) is the phase deviation. Thus, m(t) = 0.1sin(2π 103t)/10 = 0.01sin(2π 103t).
To plot instantaneous frequency fi(t) and phase deviation φ(t), calculate fi(t) by adding the initial carrier frequency fc to the instantaneous frequency deviation Kf * x(t). Find φ(t) by integrating the frequency deviation over time. Plotting requires specific values for x(t), but the process involves showing variations over time with the calculated parameters .
At the filter output, the spectrum consists of spectral components centered around the carrier frequency (1 kHz here, considering Kf and input) with side bands separated by multiples of the modulating frequency (15 Hz). Amplitudes at these frequencies can be calculated using the Bessel functions due to modulation. Since this involves detailed mathematical derivation, visualization is often more practical for students .
The maximum phase deviation of the angle modulated signal y(t) = 10 cos ((2π 108t) + sin(2π 103t)) is determined by the peak value of the sinusoidal term, which is 1. Therefore, the maximum phase deviation is 1 radian. The maximum frequency deviation is given by the derivative of the phase deviation with respect to time, which is the maximum of the frequency of the modulation signal multiplied by the amplitude of the modulating signal. Hence, it is 103 Hz .
The bandwidth of a PM signal using Carson's rule is BW ≈ 2(Δf + fm), where Δf = Kp * deviation. For a peak-phase deviation of π/2, the modulation index β = π/2. Assuming Kp = 1 due to context, Δf ≈ fm * β. Hence, BW ≈ 2((fm * (π/2)) + fm) = 2((2kHz * π/2) + 2kHz) ≈ 2(3141 + 2000) Hz ≈ 1028 Hz .
To sketch the magnitude spectrum, identify the carrier frequency component and the sidebands, which occur at integer multiples of modulation frequency. Sidebands derive from Bessel function coefficients of the modulation index, showing amplitude versus frequency shifts around the carrier. Peak-magnitude aligns with carrier unless extreme deviation shifts dominate spectra .
The power at the filter input and output is calculated using the formula P = (carrier amplitude²)/2 for both input and output. Since an ideal filter does not affect amplitude, the power would remain the same if the gain is 1. Variations in these calculations depend on specifics like losses or non-idealities not typically covered in elementary setups .
The modulation index (β) of the FM signal is the peak frequency deviation divided by the modulation frequency, β = Δf/fm. Given Δf = Kf * amplitude = 0.1, and fm = 103, β = 0.1/103. The bandwidth using Carson's rule is approximately 2(Δf + fm) = 2(0.1 + 103) = 206.2 Hz. Doubling the modulation frequency results in a new fm = 206 Hz, β = 0.1/206 = 0.0004855, and a new bandwidth = 2(0.1 + 206) = 412.2 Hz .