Table of Content

1. RESEARCH DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVE......................................................... 1

1.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Aim .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.3. Objectives and Strategies......................................................................................... 1
1.4. Scope........................................................................................................................ 1
1.5. Methodology............................................................................................................ 2
1.6. Project Details.......................................................................................................... 4
2. LITERATURE STUDY.................................................................................................. 5
2.1. Etymology................................................................................................................ 5
2.2. Types........................................................................................................................ 5
2.3. Classification of Hotel ............................................................................................. 6
2.4. Typical Arrangement of Hotel Areas ...................................................................... 8
2.5. Circulation Spaces ................................................................................................... 9
2.6. Crucial Decisions................................................................................................... 10
2.6.1. Parking: Valet or Self-park............................................................................. 10
2.6.2. Luggage Handling: by guest or by bellman ................................................... 11
2.6.3. Front desk procedures: Computers, Room status........................................... 11
2.6.4. Guestroom food service: Cart or Tray............................................................ 11
2.6.5. Restaurant service: Hours, Type of service, Outdoor .................................... 12
2.6.6. Recreation: Hours, Children, Safety............................................................... 12
2.7. Climate and Architectural Studies ......................................................................... 12
2.7.1. Climate Analysis ............................................................................................ 13
2.7.2. Spaces and Functions in Vernacular and Modern architecture. ................ 14
2.7.3. Inferences ....................................................................................................... 14
3. CASE STUDY .............................................................................................................. 17
3.1. Primary Case Study 1 ............................................................................................ 17
3.1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 17
3.1.2. Location & Connectivity ................................................................................ 17
3.1.3. Development of form ..................................................................................... 18
3.1.4. Facilities Provided in Hotel............................................................................ 18
3.2. Primary Case Study 2 ............................................................................................ 19
3.2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 19
 3.2.2. Objective of Case Study ................................................................................. 20
3.2.3. Location & Connectivity ................................................................................ 20
3.2.4. Local Bye-Laws ............................................................................................. 20
3.2.5. Form Development & Circulation.................................................................. 20
3.2.6. Environmental Sustainability & Low-energy Systems .................................. 21
3.2.7. Facilities Provided in Hotel............................................................................ 21
3.2.8. Interiors .......................................................................................................... 22
3.3. Secondary Case Study 1 ........................................................................................ 23
3.3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 23
3.3.2. Objective of Case Study ................................................................................. 23
3.3.3. Location & Connectivity ................................................................................ 24
3.3.4. Space Planning ............................................................................................... 24
3.3.5. Building Form ................................................................................................ 24
3.3.6. Inference......................................................................................................... 26
4. SITE ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................... 29
4.1. About The City ...................................................................................................... 29
4.2. Location and Climate............................................................................................. 29
4.3. Site Details............................................................................................................. 31
4.3.1. Site Location................................................................................................... 31
4.3.2. Connectivity ................................................................................................... 31
4.3.3. Immediate Site Context .................................................................................. 32
4.3.4. Site Area & Orientation.................................................................................. 33
4.4. Inferences............................................................................................................... 33
5. RELEVANT CODES AND STANDARDS................................................................. 35
5.1. GOVERNING BYE-LAWS.................................................................................. 35
5.2. NORMS ................................................................................................................. 36
5.2.1. Basic Norms as per NBC................................................................................ 36
5.2.2. General Facilities............................................................................................ 36
5.2.3. Essential Services ........................................................................................... 36
5.2.4. Air Conditioning as per NBC......................................................................... 37
5.2.5. Water Supply.................................................................................................. 37
5.2.6. Fire Fighting ................................................................................................... 37
5.2.7. Landscaping Features ..................................................................................... 38
5.2.8. Site Planning as per NBC............................................................................... 38
6. AREA PROGRAM & ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 40
 6.1. Introduction............................................................................................................ 40
6.2. Comparison chart................................................................................................... 40
6.3. Analysis ................................................................................................................. 44
6.4. Final Area Statment ............................................................................................... 45
7. DESIGN PROPOSAL................................................................................................... 50
7.1. Introduction............................................................................................................ 50
7.2. Proximity Chart ..................................................................................................... 51
7.3. Space Connectivity ................................................................................................ 52
7.4. Concept Development ........................................................................................... 52
7.5. Planning Principles ................................................................................................ 53
7.5.1. Site Planning................................................................................................... 53
7.5.2. Ground Floor...................................................................................................... 55
7.5.3. Guest Room Floor .......................................................................................... 57
7.5.4. Basement Services.......................................................................................... 58
8. CONCLUSION............................................................................................................. 63
8.1. Important lessons learnt ......................................................................................... 63
8.2. Achievements ........................................................................................................ 63
8.3. Recommendations for further research.................................................................. 63
9. REFERENCE................................................................................................................ 64
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Methodology........................................................................................................ 2
Figure 2-1: Typical Arrangements of Major Areas of Hotel.................................................. 9
Figure 2-2: Flow Diagram of a typical hotel ........................................................................ 10
Figure 2-3: Typical Service Area ......................................................................................... 11
Figure 2-4: Typical Connection from lobby to other areas .................................................. 11
Figure 2-5: Climate chart for moderate climate ................................................................... 13
Figure 3-1: Oberoi at night view from garden side .............................................................. 18
Figure 3-2: Back of house in ground floor ........................................................................... 18
Figure 3-3: Guest floor with fire stairs location ................................................................... 19
Figure 3-4: The Taj Vivant Hotel, Bengaluru ...................................................................... 19
Figure 3-5: Step by step form development ......................................................................... 20
Figure 3-6: Ground Floor of Vivant Taj Hotel..................................................................... 21
Figure 3-7: Second floor of Vivant Taj Hotel ...................................................................... 22
Figure 3-8: Third Floor of Vivant Taj Hotel ........................................................................ 22
Figure 3-9: Grand lobby of Taj Vivant Hotel....................................................................... 23
Figure 3-10: Lalit Hotel, Chandigarh ................................................................................... 24
Figure 3-11: Ground Floor Lalit Hotel................................................................................. 25
Figure 3-12: Lower Basement Floor - Lalit Hotel ............................................................... 26
Figure 3-13: Second Floor - Lalit Hotel............................................................................... 27
Figure 3-14: Guest Floor - Lalit Hotel ................................................................................. 27
Figure 3-15: Building Sections - Lalit Hotel........................................................................ 28
Figure 4-1 : Bengaluru map with location of IT industries.................................................. 29
Figure 4-2: Climatic graph of Bengaluru ............................................................................. 30
Figure 4-3: Site Climate ....................................................................................................... 30
Figure 4-4: Site Context ....................................................................................................... 31
Figure 4-5: Connectivity from Airport and Main Railway Station ...................................... 31
Figure 4-6: View of Residential Area .................................................................................. 32
Figure 4-7: View of Aerospace Industry.............................................................................. 32
Figure 4-8: Site Boundary & Orientation............................................................................. 33
Figure 4-9: Tentative Site Zoning ........................................................................................ 34
Figure 7-1: Site Analysis ...................................................................................................... 50
Figure 7-2: Bubble Diagram................................................................................................. 52
Figure 7-3: Graphically shown public & private zones. ...................................................... 53
Figure 7-4: Site Plan............................................................................................................. 54
Figure 7-5: Ground Floor Plan ............................................................................................. 55
Figure 7-6: First Floor Plan .................................................................................................. 56
Figure 7-7: Second Floor Plan- Service Floor...................................................................... 56
Figure 7-8: Typical Floor Plan - Guest Floor....................................................................... 57
Figure 7-9: Seventh Floor Plan - Guest Floor ...................................................................... 57
Figure 7-10: Terrace Floor Plan ........................................................................................... 58
Figure 7-11: Basement I Floor Plan ..................................................................................... 58
Figure 7-12: Basement II Floor Plan .................................................................................... 59
Figure 7-13: East-West section through central lobby......................................................... 59
Figure 7-14: North-South section through central lobby ..................................................... 59
Figure 7-15: North-South section through pub .................................................................... 60
Figure 7-16: North-South section through banquet hall....................................................... 60
Figure 7-17: Front Elevation ................................................................................................ 60
Figure 7-18: Rear Elevation ................................................................................................. 61
Figure 7-19: East Elevation.................................................................................................. 61
Figure 7-20: West Elevation................................................................................................. 61
Figure 7-21: view of entry to hotel....................................................................................... 62
Figure 7-22: View of service entry....................................................................................... 62
Figure 7-23: View of swimming pool .................................................................................. 62
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1: Minimum Requirements for 5 Star Hotels............................................................ 8
Table 2-2 : Space Requirement in a Typical Restaurant ...................................................... 12
Table 6-1: Area Programming.............................................................................................. 44
Table 6-2: Final Area Statement .......................................................................................... 49
Table 7-1: Proximity Chart................................................................................................... 51
Table 8-1: Assessment of Circulation Space........................................................................ 63
 Business Hotel

BUSINESS HOTEL

1. RESEARCH DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVE

[Link]
Meetings, Incentives, Conference and Exhibitions (MICE) are today becoming an important
segment of the tourism industry. With t
likely to grow further in the future. Our country therefore needs more Convention and
Exhibition Centres to meet the requirement of this lucrative segment of the tourism. Services
sector is the largest sector of India. It is estimated at 73.79 lakh crore INR in 2016-17 which
is accounts for 53.66% of total India's GVA. As a cure to MICE industry, the Business hotels
are providing guest room and convention hall with business centre. Business
hotels are hotels located near the Business district of the country/region they are located.
They focus primarily on needs of businesspersons, therefore providing proper spaces for the
MICE.

[Link]
Designing an integrated space for Hospitality Industry (convention hotel and recreation) and
creating a compatibility between spaces of Guest room, Restaurant, Convention Hall,
Recreational Areas and Business Area.
[Link] and Strategies
Making it an urban destination through integrated space.
Integrating the spaces of hospitality to achieve functionality and comfort.
Maintaining a private area for the guest while increasing social interaction.
User Comfort and Experience: Create a different and unique user experience for the
guest.
Functional efficiency
Energy efficiency.
[Link]
Site is located in Whitefield of bengaluru, where there are an average of two 5 star hotels
near by each Tech park but not near Bhoruka Teck Park. There is lot of scope for this hotel
if located near this tech park. Site is located in the business hotspot of the city due to which
there is a scarcity of the land, the functional spaces of hotel are spread vertically rather than
horizontal. The hotel situated in a small site of 4.5 acres. Thus following every regulation
and still responding to the site conditions, the design is efficient and fully functional on its
own.

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 Business Hotel

[Link]

Figure 1-1: Methodology

2
 Business Hotel

is necessary in many regions of India, and some cold regions require passive heating.
There are also regions that require both. The methodology in this paper could be effectively
applied in any region. The results of such a series of research activities shows passive
(Tungnung, 2016).
As stated above, the design steps involves a flow of activities and strategies in parallel, cyclic
or in series. Design site being bengaluru with moderate climate can be used the same
methodology.
The design flow starts from Stage I (as shown in figure 1-1) that involves Survey and
Analysis of finding problems. In stage I, the activities are parallel and to be done hand in
hand. These parallel activities involves Literature studies on User Behaviorology, Secondary
case study, Standards according to the business hotel, Study on site climate and local
architecture.
Literature study of business hotel comprises of study of hotel and there room layout
according to different user. A study on the flow of different persons such as guest,
staff, and residence guest between different spaces is made into flow chart.
Standards are considered from different legal byelaws such as Neufert, Time Savers
and National Building Code by Indian government. These include minimum space
requirement of business hotel and guidelines for prevention from hazards.
Climate, Site and Local Architecture involves the study of climate specific to the hotel
and there climatic responses that can take place for comfort of user. Area specific
climate study can be done after deciding the criteria for selection site. Climatic
response elements can be used through the study of local architecture.
Inferences are made through the above collected data where all the data is related with each
other and basic path is laid out for the area program. Using this basic area program, Stage II
of methodology begins with diverging again for finding more site related data such as chosen
site bengaluru.
Stage II diverges into site-specific data such as-
Primary case studies involve study of case related hotels in surrounding site and
interesting ones from which actual survey can be made to get knownledge about
actual design. These live case studies always changes the prospective of the designer.
Site selection is results of stage I in which data collected are compared to get a more
resulted site. Site analysis is made according to the site climatic conditions.
Local bye-laws and standards are to be preciously studied as the each city have
different documented byelaws in different zones, i.e. for present design the bye-laws
are applicable of the Bengaluru Development Authority.
After Collection of data in stage II, the data is compared and final area program is made in
which the each individual space are to calculated. From here, more site specific activities are
to be followed, from which each steps gives a more data related to project. With this collected
data an actual design gets to starts in which each steps such as zoning, proximity, design
conceptualization, design developed through discussions and finalization of design.

3
 Business Hotel

[Link] Details
Site Area : 18207 Sq. M (4.5 acres)
Built Up Area : 30,000 Sq. M (3, 00,000 S Ft. Approx.)
Site Location : Whitefield, Bengaluru
Proposed Land Use : Industrial
Permissible Land Use : Hotels
Proposing Authority : Karnataka Tourism Board
Number of Rooms : 200

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 Business Hotel

2. LITERATURE STUDY

2.1. Etymology
The word hotel is derived from the French hôtel (coming from hôte meaning host), which
referred to a French version of a townhouse or any other building seeing frequent visitors,
rather than a place offering accommodation. In contemporary French usage, hôtel now has
the same meaning as the English term, and hôtel particular is used for the old meaning. The
French spelling, with the circumflex, was also used in English, but is now rare. The
circumflex replaces the 's' found in the earlier hostel spelling, which over time took on a new,
but closely related meaning. Grammatically, hotels usually take the definite article hence
"The Astoria Hotel" or simply "The Astoria" (Various, 2013).

2.2. Types
Hotel operations vary in size, function, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies
that operate hotels have set widely accepted industry standards to classify hotel types.
General categories include the following;
Conference and resort hotels often contain full-sized luxury facilities with full service
accommodations and amenities.
Examples may include: Conrad Hotels, InterContinental Hotels, Ritz-Carlton, Four
Seasons Hotels and Resorts, Dorchester Collection, JW Marriott Hotels, Starwood
Westin Hotels, Hilton, Marriott, and Hyatt
Historic Inns and boutique hotels often contain luxury facilities of varying size in
unique or intimate settings with full service accommodations.
Examples may include: Holiday Inn, Courtyard by Marriott and Hilton Garden Inn
Limited Service
Examples may include: Hampton Inn, aloft, Holiday Inn Express, Fairfield Inn, Four
Points by Sheraton, and Days Inn

Extended Stay
Examples may include: Stay bridge Suites, Homewood Suites by Hilton, Residence
Inn by Marriott, element, and Extended Stay Hotels
Timeshare
Examples may include: Hilton Grand Vacations, Marriott Vacation Club
International, Westgate Resorts, Starwood Vacation Ownership, and Disney Vacation
Club
Destination Club
Boatels floating hotels

5
 Business Hotel

The figure 2-2 below gives a schematic layout of various spaces in a hotel and their
connection to service networks.

Figure 2-2: Flow Diagram of a typical hotel

Source ndbook, Malden, MA, U.S.A

2.6. Crucial Decisions

Many crucial decisions are to be taken which eventually would come to dictate the
arrangement of circulation networks which in turn would affect the overall built space design.
Some decisions are mentioned below:
2.6.1. Parking: Valet or Self-park
In valet parking, the user does not have to go to the on-site parking or basement level car
park to park his car; a valet does that for him, whereas, if the user has to park a car himself
then there has to be a separate lift for the guests to travel to the guest lobby. This poses more
security issues as the safety of the basement would be compromised. Also, the guests have
to be guided every time to their respective vehicles, whereas the valets could locate the cars
more easily and thus the circulation in the basement car park could be more efficient and
swift.

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 Business Hotel

2.6.2. Luggage Handling: by guest or by bellman

In case of luggage handling, the decision is generally dependent on the scale of the hotel. If
it is budget hotel or up to a 3 star hotel, the general practice is to let the guests escort
themselves to the guest rooms with their own luggage, whereas, in 4 Star and above hotels,
bellboys are necessary to carry the luggage of the guests. Another decision to be taken here
is if the luggage is to be carried in the public elevators or there would be specific luggage
lifts near the guest lift lobby.
This would need an alteration to both the guest circulation from the guest lobby and for the
service personnel.
2.6.3. Front desk procedures: Computers, Room status

surely affect the furniture design and the related buffer space to be allotted for guests and
staff movement. Depending on the kind of services provided the space arrangement of the
lobby is decided.
2.6.4. Guestroom food service: Cart or Tray
Guestroom food services are one of the most important factors to be considered while
designing the service core of a hotel. As a thumb rule, 2.5 minutes is considered the optimum
time for food to reach from the central kitchen to the guest room.

Figure 2-3: Typical Service Area

Source

Nowadays, though, clothes with burners in the trollies are being used. However, it is good
practice to limit the distance, from service cores to guest rooms, to not more than 40 meters.

Figure 2-4: Typical Connection from lobby to other areas

Source Adler, D., (1999), Metric Handbook Planning and Design Data, London, U.K

11
 Business Hotel

2.7.1. Climate Analysis

Figure 2-5: Climate chart for moderate climate

Source: Tungnung, 2016; 2017

-town Churachandpur is located near Imphal at coordinates: 24°20'N 93°41'E at an

elevation of 914m above MSL. Spring and autumn are pleasant while winter can be damp
and cold without adequate sun penetration; summer is hot without appropriate shading
and ventilations. Figure 2-5 shows the mean temperature fluctuation ranges: 14-18°C in
winter and 6°C in summer. The mean diurnal temperature high is about 20°C or more
through the year. Diurnal maximum is 28°C or more but drops to about 20°C at night in
summer, and minimum is 6°C or less in winter nights. Maximum solar radiation is 500W/
m2 or more throughout the year. The nights' humidity ranges 80-95% or more and diurnal
humidity is 70% or less through the year. Wind speed is 0.4-3.4m/s in the day, and the
nights are calm, 0-0.2m/s through the year. Prevailing wind direction is from West in
February-May, and S- East in June- (Tungnung et al, 2016; 2017)

As shown in figure 2-5, the data is similar to that of bengaluru wirth both being cold and
humid regions of india having moderate climatic conditions. The data is more precious in the
site selection of design. Bengaluru is at high altitude with low temperature and in summers
maximum of 30°C. The wind circulatin in the higher altitude area are usually takes away the
heat from the concrete jungle of the city

13
 Business Hotel

2.7.2. Spaces and Functions in Vernacular and Modern architecture.

-time occupancy in traditional

dwellings due to agricultural occupation for working members, except for children and the
elderly who stays home. While the absence of high industrial development is noted in the
vernacular habitats, it doesn't necessarily mean low technical soundness or inadaptability
for modern reinterpretation towards climatic responsiveness and proactive low-energy
lifestyles. As concomitants to the cool-humid climatic parameters, resources and socio-
cultural praxis, the vernacular habitats are one-room typologies that afforded inherent
flexibility to fulfil multiple functions: dining or living, bed or lounge, social gatherings,
and workspaces for cooking, weaving traditional shawls or bamboo. The front veranda
performs a versatile function of workspace, rainwater harvesting from thatch roof, and
social space or enjoy fresh air. People's culture and lifestyles has made adaptations as a
response to basic human body's comfort needs by wearing warmth clothes in winter and
lighter porous cotton clothes in summer (Tungnung et al, 2015; 2016; 2017)

The space in moderate climatic conditions are different from other climatic
conditions. There is need of winter cloths and summer cloths in the region as due to
change in the temperature. The architectureal elements reflecting this climatic
conditions are free use of glass walls in the building. But to protect them from the
solar heating vertical slits in the east, west direction and horizontal slits in south is
used.
2.7.3. Inferences

-energy passive design base on the theory of affordances: complementarity of

climate, lifestyle and ingenuity of architecture was attempted through reinterpretation of
traditional design principles', porosity with low mass and low thermal conductivity
materials, in modern context for natural ventilation (summer), and adaptive shading and
glazing were added for heating and cooling synergy needs. Low thermal conductivity
porous envelopes, space syntax integration between indoor and outdoor were essential to
natural ventilation needs, and parametric simulations shows appropriate ventilation,
adaptive shading and glazing complements the needs of vernacular reinterpretation,
economic, and environmental symbiosis. As a passive design principle based on the theory
of affordance: complementarity of lifestyle and climate, adaptive clothing, activities and
air-velocity shows PMV's range of -1 to +1, comfortable, except on peak summer days with
explicit links to low-energy possibilities. The porosity proposal is expected to serve as cue
to reduce energy consumptions, proactive lifestyles, user-initiated incremental adaptations
towards comfort, freshness and enhance quality of life. The paper, through the analysis of
design tools: passive climate charts and parametric simulations, validates the applicability
of local affordances: complementarity of climate and lifestyles, vernacular
reinterpretations and shows novel principles towards designing to thrive in a rapidly
changing built environment in cool- (Tungnung et al, 2017)

The climatic conditions make it need for the glass walls in the north and plane wall in the
south to avoid direct sunlight into the building. As per the bye-laws there is need for the hotel
to be centrally air conditioning systems, so the building should be oriented to decrease the
direct sunlight. The orientation of the building is longer length facing north or south with less
windows facing southern side.

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 Business Hotel

Load on Cooling systems can be saved by providing natural ventilation in service corridors
and staff movement places. This results in conservation of the energy. Furthermore providing
horizontal louvers in southern side and vertical lovers in east-west sides results in
conservation of energy.

15
 Business Hotel

REFERNCES
Tungnung, K., 2016. Passive Design with Affordances - Towards Low-energy Architecture
in India. PhD Thesis, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan. DOI: info:ndljp/pid/10370502.
Available [Online]: [Link]
Tungnung, K., 2016. Passive Design with Affordances - Towards Low-energy Architecture in
India. Highlights of PhD Thesis, Kobe Design University, Kobe,
Japan. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10926.77121.
Tungnung, K., 2013. Bio-Interface: Biophilia, humans innate affinity to
Nature. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34630.32320
Tungnung, K., Kodama, Y., 2015. Affordance of Thermal Comfort through Passive Design - Towards
Sustainable Architecture in India. Design Research No. 67, pp. 32-39. Kobe: Journal of Design
Research (DRA) renamed SDAFST. March, 2015. ISSN No. 1342-3061.
Tungnung, K., Kodama, Y., Krishan, A., Takemasa, K., 2017. Passive Design with Affordances:
Natural Ventilation and Adaptive Shading for Comfort, Churachandpur. Proceedings of
33rd International PLEA (Passive and Low Energy Architecture) Conference, Edinburgh. 3-5 July,
2017. Vol 3, p. 4381-4388. ISBN: 978-0-9928957-5-4.

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 Business Hotel

3. CASE STUDY
The live and literature case studies have done in different parts of India and the world in order
to get a hint of the trending style of design and decor going around. In addition, it was
important to find the type of construction techniques applied.
The live case studies was done on:
1. Oberoi Hotel, Bengaluru
2. Vivanth Hotel
Both the hotels were of similar site areas as the proposed hotel site. Also, the keys of both
the hotels were near to the proposal keys. This was done in order to get a fair idea about the
scale of services and spaces provided for a similar sized hotel.
Both the case studies were done with a different intention, vis-à-vis, Vivanth hotel was
studied to get an idea of form development, overall aesthetic qualities of a hotel, etc. whereas
Oberoi was studied to get the idea of the service networks and the efficient space planning
needed for a viable commercial establishment.
Similarly, the literature case studies were done for separate purposes. The two hotels that
were studied were:
1. Lalit Hotel, chandigarh
As described earlier, Lalit Hotel has taken up in order to study the importance of a central
public space core & to get the idea of the service networks and the efficient space planning
needed for a viable commercial establishment.

[Link] Case Study 1

Oberoi hotel, Bengaluru
3.1.1. Introduction
The Oberoi hotel, MG road is a 176 key, five star luxury business hotel. The stand-alone site
is located in the Commercial hub of Mahatma Gandhi road, in close proximity to the Central
business District, immediately to the West. The hotel responds to its square site with two side
heavy traffic line and building along these sides making a oasis of calm garden in the back
with rooms facing these gardens.
Architects: I.M. Kadri , IMK Architects
Client: Oberoi Hotels
Location: 37-39, MG Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
3.1.2. Location & Connectivity
Oberoi is located 35 kilometres from Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru.
Situated in the Commercial hub of MG Road, it is well connected with different sector of the
city. Well connected with all modes of transportation with metro line in front.

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 Business Hotel

Figure 3-1: Oberoi at night view from garden side

Source: Oberoi official website

3.1.3. Development of form

The site is located with heavy traffic on two side of the site so the building is align in these
sides of the sites to act as buffer zones for the oasis of garden in the back of hotel. The
building is ornamented with climbers and trees in the garden for privacy from the higher
build in other sides.
3.1.4. Facilities Provided in Hotel
All the public zoned functions of the hotel like Banquet hall with mixmum of 130 persons,
Business Centre, Media centre are located in the ground floor of the hotel. The private zoned
guest floors are located in the top floors of the hotel with 176 room keys & one-handicap
rooms.

Figure 3-2: Back of house in ground floor

Source: Author

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 Business Hotel

Figure 3-3: Guest floor with fire stairs location

Source: Author

[Link] Case Study 2

Vivant hotel, Bengaluru
3.2.1. Introduction
The Taj Vivant Hotel is a 199 key, five star luxury business hotel completed in 2015. The
stand-alone site is located in the IT hub of Whitefield, in close proximity to the ring road
of Bengaluru. The building is designed in a intriguing ways of concept and impressive
way of connectivity.

Figure 3-4: The Taj Vivant Hotel, Bengaluru

Source: Archdaily

19
 Business Hotel

Architects: WOW Architects | Warner Wong Design

Client: The Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL)
Location: Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Plot Area: 19638.0 sqmt
3.2.2. Objective of Case Study
As opposed to the Oberoi Hotel, which concentrates on the efficiency of planning and
mechanical services. This hotel concentrates on the building form and connectivity of spaces.
Similar to the proposed project it as 199 keys and every facility to augment the business class
customers.
3.2.3. Location & Connectivity
The Taj vivant hotel is located about 46.5 kilometres from Kempegowda Airport, Bengaluru
and well connected with the rest of the city with Ring road in the east and new metro line in
the front.
3.2.4. Local Bye-Laws
FAR (Floor Area Ratio) = 3.0 m
Maximum Ground Coverage = 40%
Maximum Height as per AAI = 54.6 m

3.2.5. Form Development & Circulation

Figure 3-5: Step by step form development

Source: Taj vivanta,brocher

20
 Business Hotel

Figure 3-9: Grand lobby of Taj Vivant Hotel

Source: Archdaily, 2015

As seen in above figure, the furniture are kept small to create a sense of vastness in the space.
Materials are from local to save carbon emission. Lobby is connected directly connected all
major places without any spaces interfering.

[Link] Case Study 1

Lalit Hotel, Chandigarh
3.3.1. Introduction
The Lalit Hotel is a 177 key, five star luxury business hotel completed in 2010. The stand-
alone site is located in Rajiv Gandhi IT Park, Chandigarh. The building is good form of space
planning and impressive way of connectivity.
Architects: AKA (Achal Kataria Architects, Delhi)
Client: The Lalit Group Hotels
Location: Rajiv Gandhi IT Park, DLF Commercial Complex, Chandigarh, India
Total area of the Plot: 16546 sqmt.

3.3.2. Objective of Case Study

The Lalit Chandigarh Hotel is well planned, highly efficient space composition building. The
spaces are zoned vertically, and the public and private zones are divided in above and below
of the building. Design emphasises the functional efficiency and vertical connectivity.

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Figure 3-10: Lalit Hotel, Chandigarh

Source: Official Website of lalit Hotel

3.3.3. Location & Connectivity

Hotel is located in the midst of IT hub of Rajiv Gandhi in DLF Commercial Complex,
Chandigarh. It is high scope for the hotel to be inside a IT hub as there is an opportunity for
the hotel to attract more business me and company.
3.3.4. Space Planning
The Guest Rooms, retail spaces, convention facilities and other leisure related spaces
maintained a close contact with each other operationally and functionally through its
efficient planning and layout.
The facade with its long horizontal lines as its basic tone/element gives the impression
of longevity and continuity of the building and attain maximum frontage from the
road.
The porch, public areas, entry lobbies have been create to give a sense of spaciousness
and an ambiance of warm and welcome.
Double loaded corridors to enable easy and efficient servicing to the rooms.
This has been methodically planned to overcome its Height constraints of 22.789m
and G+4 to attained maximum FAR and at the same time achieved the much required
form and shape of intricately blended circles and rectangles.
3.3.5. Building Form
The concept of the project evolves around minimalistic & highly efficient modern building.
It has a Modernistic contemporary Architecture. Ideally located in Rajiv Gandhi IT Park,
surrounded with a scenic view of the hills and forestland at the rear side so to give windows
in the rear and forth guest rooms. Business oriented with leisure facilities of conference centre
and Business Centre. Minimalistic, sleek and modern facade that heightens its contemporary
architectural ideology through elevations. Widely spread, warm and welcoming entry each
for the banquet hall and main entry. The landscape has been artfully blend with the

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surrounding natural environment so the guest can get mesmerized in the trees. Pools and
fountains have been create to emphasize the feeling of being amidst nature.

Figure 3-11: Ground Floor Lalit Hotel

Source: Tungnung (AKA) et al,2010)

Ground Floor: This floor of the hotel have public spaces like All day Dinning, Bar &
Restaurant, Banquet Hall, Lobby space have different type of lounge for alcoholic and non-
alcoholic guests which serves to the need of the guest. The service area like back of the house

attached with lift for guest to come directly from the guest floors. Separate lift for business
centre has been provided near the banquet hall and lobby space for business persons.
Lower Basement: The lower basement floor is where the service areas are located like STP,
Sub-station, HVAC Machine room, Pump room, etc. The staff entry and storage of kitchen
goods is below the main kitchen passing through service lifts. There are two major service
lifts in the floor where the two in the kitchen area for butler and other for laundry service,
other is in the pantry of the bar and restaurant.
Service Floor: As the below service floor, each room is equipped with different AHU (Air
Handling Unit) rooms, this is considered for saving energy and energy efficiency. The
business center and the gym and spa are located in this floor for guest to easy travel to this
floor, as the guest floor are located just above this floor.
Guest Floor: Each Guest floor of the hotel is located in top floors to separate it from the
public zones in the lower floors.

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Figure 3-12: Lower Basement Floor - Lalit Hotel

Source: Tungnung (AKA) et al,2010)

3.3.6. Inference
Overall, the design and planning of the hotel is highly efficient and functional. The spaces
are connect to each other through the main lobby, which is highly sought through the design
space connections. The site for the hotel is smaller than the conventional space requirement
for a spacious 5 star hotel but the availability of space is really rare in the major city and that
to near an IT Tech industry.
In the available site, the spaces are arrange in vertical zones rather than horizontal expansion
to which the building can go height rather than area in the ground floor.

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Figure 3-13: Second Floor - Lalit Hotel

Source: Tungnung (AKA) et al,2010)

Figure 3-14: Guest Floor - Lalit Hotel

Source: Tungnung (AKA) et al,2010)

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Figure 3-15: Building Sections - Lalit Hotel

Source: Tungnung (AKA) et al,2010)

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4. SITE ANALYSIS

4.1. About The City

Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. This city is next to Mysore which
is the capital of the former Mysore State. Bengaluru is known as Silicon city of india as
various IT companies are having headquarters in the city and is also known as the green city
of india. According to history, Bengaluru is said to have been founded by Kempegowda,
minister for the king of mysore state, who ruled from his capital mysore. A theory states that
Bengaluru was as the city was trading mainly grain. In the modern
india, Bengaluru is known for its opportunity for the start-up companies to come up from this
region due to its varied demographic statics.

Figure 4-1 : Bengaluru map with location of IT industries.

Source Profile of bengaluru city, Urban floods, 2010
Map depicts Development Characteristic over Bangalore (Figure 4-1) with the erstwhile City
Corporation limits, Greater Bangalore region and Bangalore Metropolitan area and noting
some of the prominent industrial areas.

4.2. Location and Climate

Bengaluru is located in the southern state Karnataka of india. It is located in high altitude
region due which the climate is moderate, classified as the tropical wet and seasonally dry.
Dry season - December to February.
Summer season - March to May.
South-West monsoon - June to September.
Temperature is typicaly lower than rest of state having mean maximum of 34.2 ° C in
April/May mean minimum of 15 ° C in December/January. Relative humidity with mean
monthly 44% (min) in March to 85% (max) in August. The mean annual rainfall is 889 mm.

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4.3.3. Immediate Site Context

The site is flanked by three sides , Aerospace Industry on the adjoining site and residential
site on the side and back.
Residential Sites and Apartment Buildings on the left and back side of site
As in figure 4-6, The residential blocks are 3 floors and height of 9 to 11 meters due to which
the meeting rooms can be placed in this side of the site. The apartment building is at height
of 20 floors at 50 meters in the south-east corner of the site. This apartment have a right of
way through residential blocks present in the front.

Figure 4-6: View of Residential Area

Source: Author

Aerospace industries on the left side of the site

As in figure 4-7, Due to this presence of industries in east side of site, Back of the house is
kept in this part so that the noise cannot reach the guest present in the hotel. This industries
is usually not a hardware industry and part of the industry present immediate to the site is
warehouse. But to be sure in the near future it may work as noise acting source.

Figure 4-7: View of Aerospace Industry

Source: Author

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The service road would connect to the service yard and would act as a staff entry to
the hotel.
The landscaped part of the site would double up as a spill over space for Banqueting
facilities, or as an outdoor event space.
The site of the shape clearly states to place the landscape in front and back of the
building.
Back of house, areas can be located in the south eastern part of the site facing the
industries.
As there is no specific view point for the guest, guest rooms can have the windows in
the south and north side towards the garden and the city scape, respectively.

Figure 4-9: Tentative Site Zoning

Source: Google Earth; Illustration: Self

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5. RELEVANT CODES AND STANDARDS

Normally commercial hotels are most commonly present except at regions with scenic beauty
where resorts take the charge. A hotel is a very complex building in itself. It comprises of a
number of departments, which are very different in character, and functioning. A very sincere
coordination is required for the meticulous and smooth functioning of the hotel. That is
because perfect hospitality is the key to win the heart of guest staying in, and that is the path
of growth. Because of that a carefully designed building which is not only functional but
should also act as powerful medium to attract people and leave a strong impression in their
mind and heart.
This concerned here will deal with the relevant codes to be followed and the bye-laws to
adhere to while designing a hotel. The regulations would consist of generic norms for hotel

documents like National Building Code, 2005 and IS Codes for Fire Protection in buildings
will also be studied. Then the local bye-laws of Bengaluru and Karnataka are taken into
consideration.
The list of documents referred in order to prepare this are as follows:
Time Saver Standards
Bengaluru Development Authority Zoning Regulations, 2015
Bengaluru Mahanagar Pallika Building Bye-laws 2013
N Architects ata
IS 6074 : 1971 (code for functional requirements of hotels, restaurants and other
food service establishments)
IS 13716 : 1993 (Fire Safety in Hotels Code of Practice)
National Building Code, 2005

[Link] BYE-LAWS
Parking standard: For four wheeler as per NBC, 2005 - Equivalent car space per 100
m2 of floor area
Open car parking - 18 m2 per E.C.S
Ground floor parking (covered) 23 m2 per E.C.S
For basement 28 m2
1 Car Space for every two guest rooms as per Bengaluru Building Bye-laws (2012)
Size of plot should not be less than 500 m2, as per BDA Regulations
The set-back should be a min. of 6 m all around and it should be of hard surface and
capable of bearing a load of 18 tons of fire engine.
Entrance should be at least 5 m high and should fold back against the compound wall
F.A.R - 3.00
Maximum coverage - 40 %
Basement size should be equal to ground coverage allowed.
Min. plinth height - 0.45 m from ground level
Habitable room height - 2.6 m (From floor level to ceiling)
For air conditioned room - 2.4 (From floor level to false ceiling)

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Height of toilets - 2.2 m (minimum)

Height of parapet from finished floor level - 1.05 meters
1 lift for every 100 bedrooms (minimum)
Service lifts at 2 for every 3 passenger lifts
Min. width of staircase: 1.5, T =300 mm, R= 150 mm

Distance between any room door and a st

Corridors - Bedroom floors 2.0 m (min.)

[Link]
5.2.1. Basic Norms as per NBC

fittings and furniture of the highest standard

The hotel should have at least 10 let able bedrooms, all with attached bathrooms with
long bath or the most modern shower chambers.
All public rooms and private rooms should be fully air conditioned and should be
well equipped with superior quality carpets, curtains, furniture, fittings etc. in good
taste.
There should be an adequate number of efficient lifts in the building of more than two

There should be a well-designed and properly equipped swimming pool.

5.2.2. General Facilities

There should be a reception, cash and information counter attended by highly
qualified, trained and experienced personnel and conference facilities in the form of
one each or more of the conference halls, banquet halls and private dining rooms.
There should be a book stall, beauty parlor, barber shop, recognized travel agency,
money changing and safe deposit facilities, left luggage room, florist and a shop for
toilet requisites and medicines on the premises.
There should be a telephone in each room and telephone for the use of guests and
visitors and provision for a radio or relayed music in each room/restaurant on the
premises and wherever permissible by law, there should be an elegant, well equipped
bar.
The pantry and cold storage should be professionally designed to ensure efficiency
or operation and should be well equipped.

5.2.3. Essential Services

The hotel should offer both international and Indian cuisine and the food and beverage
service should be of the highest standard.
There should be professionally qualified highly trained, experienced, efficient and
courteous staff in smart, clean uniforms, and the staff coming in contact with guests
should understand English.
The supervisory and senior staff should possess a good knowledge of English and
staff knowing at least one continental language should be rotated on duty at all times.
There should be 24 hours service for reception, information and telephones.

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There should be provision for reliable laundry and dry cleaning services.
Housekeeping at the hotel should be of the highest possible standard and there should
be plentiful supply of linen, blankets, towel etc. which should be of the highest quality
available.
There should be a special restaurant/dining room where facilities for bar,
entertainment area nearby are provided.

5.2.4. Air Conditioning as per NBC

Most high-class hotels provide full air conditioning. Where air conditioning is used
the pressures within various parts of the building are carefully balanced to ensure
positive regulated distribution.
The main fresh air intake is preferably at roof level where air conditioning,
refrigeration and cooling plant may also be conveniently grouped together.
To reduce excessive heat loss only sufficient fresh air is used to satisfy ventilation
requirements, and this is mixed with re circulated within building.

5.2.5. Water Supply

Large quantities of water are required in a hotel for personal use, food preparation,
cleaning and general domestic purpose and possibly also for cooling and softening
plant, boilers and air-conditioning.
Sufficient water must be stored to ensure continuity of supply. Separate provisions
are made for drinking water supply either by direct service from main or from a
cistern used only for this purpose.
Distribution of water: In the bed room block hot and cold water supplies are usually
incorporated in vertical ducts between or adjoining the bedrooms.
Short branch pipes extend to the various appliances at each floor level. Secondary
circulation is necessary in the main domestic hot water pipes to keep water constantly
hot.
Where hot water and cold water pipes occupy the same duct both must be insulated.
Provision must also be made for working access to all enclosed pipes work and for
the isolation and drainage of any section.

5.2.6. Fire Fighting

Physical components:
Factors affecting design of fire extinguishing system in building.
Type of building occupancy.
Location of egress.
Type of furnishing and materials.
Location of building firefighting facilities
Fire alarm system - A typical fire alarm system consists of the following components:
A central fire control station - Displays zones in which any risk has occurred. Two-
way communication between the control stations and loud speakers on each floor
A second panel -Visually display any alarm condition in the building

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Manual fire alarm stations - Used for fire notification by the building occupants
Smoke detectors
Ducted return air connections to the return airshaft in each floor, in discharge of the
supply fans located in elevator lobby provides a signal to elevator controllers to
automatically return the cabs to their lowest terminal floors and should be used to
control fans to minimize the propagation of smoke through the structure
Automatic suppression system, such as sprinklers - should include complete
monitoring system of water flow tied into the central control station,
Loudspeakers located on floors - for issuing instructions
Amplifier cabinets- to contain redundant amplifiers and alarm signal generators
Circuitry - required transmitting alarm signal to loud speakers, etc.

5.2.7. Landscaping Features

Landscaping is an important element for hotel building. The environment should be
such that the visitors feel close to nature and comfortable.
Landscaping spaces play an important role in human life. Besides functioning as
breathing spaces, they also provide an opportunity for man to encounter nature. It is
conscious preventive functional design for the open space.
However good the design of the surrounding building may be, if the ground spaces
around them is not thoughtfully planned and properly treated, the overall character of
the pace is affected and the site is made to use of its maximum.
Landscape design is a complex procedure with many alternatives. It is a solution of
serious of problems defined by a designer to create a more usable physical
environment.
A successful design will depend upon the understanding of the social behavior and
human need, the understanding of the function of the landscape element, the selection
and setting of the material, their technology, maintenance and the awareness and the
care of those responsible using them.
Thus the responsibility with the designer and be treated as left over spaces in the site
but should be given as much importance as the building itself so that the whole site
looks like an integrated space and not an unbalanced composition. In addition, since
the value of land is so high, neglecting it can have no justification.

5.2.8. Site Planning as per NBC

In short the main points of good site planning can be summarized as:
Extracting the site potential
Elimination of negative aspects of site and accentuation of positive Qualities
Integration of designs forms to achieve a pleasant composition in three dimensions.
Movement of vehicles, humans, services, goods, waste in an efficient manner.
This helps in increasing the productivity of the building while also avoiding the
conflict zones to the maximum
Ultimately creating a healthy relationship between the site and its surroundings

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REFERENCE
1. Callender, J. and Chiara, J. (1983) Time Saver Standards Building Type, Singapore:
McGraw-Hill.
2. Pickard, Q. (2002) Architect's Handbook, 2nd edition, Malden, MA: Blackwell
Science.
3. Neufert, P. and Neufert, E. (n.d) Architect's Data, 3rd edition, Oxford: Blackwell
Science.
4. HRACC (2011) Guidelines for Star Rating of Hotels, New Delhi: Ministry of
Tourism.

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6. AREA PROGRAM & ANALYSIS

[Link]
The following program would be analyzing the areas provided for different functional spaces
in the hotels done for case study and then would be compared with brand standard of another
international hotel chain. Thus, the final area requirement for my hotel could be derived
through logical and mathematical deduction.
Proposed Site Area : 4.5 Acre (18,204 Sq. Mt.)
Permissible Built-up Area : 51969 Sq. Mt.
The list of documents referred in order to prepare this chapter is as follows:
Time Saver Standards
Data
IS 6074 : 1971 (code for functional requirements of hotels, restaurants and other food
service establishments)
IS 13716 : 1993 (Fire Safety in Hotels Code of Practice)
National Building Code, 2005
Brand Standard - Hyatt International
Brand Standard - Courtyard Marriot
The chapter compares the two case studies with the standards to find out a suitable set of
areas to be considered for the proposed hotel. In the end of the chapter, a final set of areas is
assigned to each space in the proposal.

[Link] chart

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Table 6-1: Area Programming

Source: Author

6.3. Analysis
The case studies are studied and analysied and compared in the as in the above table 6-1. The
area program of the case study of vivant and the lalita hotel are compared with standards to
which a conclusion can be drawn with in that the spaces as per standardas can be minimum
needed but in actual project as primary case studies the spaces are more because of factor

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called luxury. Due to which spaces from case studies are considered with correction as per
proposed design.

[Link] Area Statment

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Table 6-2: Final Area Statement

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[Link] Chart

A proximity chart was prepared as an inference of the case studies and a general study of
hotel design (literature survey). It shows the connectivity between important spaces and thus
was very helpful in zonal planning of the building. The major areas considered for the study
were:
Lobby Kitchen
Front Office Guest Rooms
Recreation & Retail Banquet Area
Business Centre Dining Area
Swimming Pool Health Area
Back of House Parking
Laundry

Table 7-1: Proximity Chart

Source: Author

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[Link] Connectivity

After the study of the proximity matrix, a bubble diagram has been prepared below which
shows a general approach to the hotel design keeping in mind the connectivity between
different spaces. This is important, as it will decide the schematic distribution of the different
zones according to their usages.
Mentioned below are the figures depicting the bubble charts

Figure 7-2: Bubble Diagram

Source: Author

[Link] Development
Points Taken Into Consideration:
Balanced consideration of Site Connectivity
Environment Convenience
Space Requirements Aesthetics
Functionality

Taking above points into consideration, a building was designed that would meet all the
necessary requirements mentioned earlier in the report. The most important point that was
considered was to make the design functionally viable. Making the design technically and
functionally sound is of paramount importance.

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Concept:
The most important factor for a business traveler, in this case a customer or a guest, is the
time he/she saves while out on work. The average business traveler who stays at a hotel has
come to that city for a concerned work. Utmost importance is given to save time and get as
much relaxation as one can have in the time left out of work. The objective of a 5 Star
business hotel is to provide the luxury of comfort living and providing a great time for which
the guest resides in the building.
Considering the fact, that time is key factor for guest comfortable, hotel functions are
efficiently, planned in such way that the spaces are connected with proximity to each other.
As shown in the figure, Guest floor (private space) and public spaces are separate to achieve
a non-disturbance environment in the space without connecting them. The service corridor
and the guest corridor are also separate to keep guest away from the backside work.

Figure 7-3: Graphically shown public & private zones.

Source: Author

The concept for the f building considers the

functionality of spaces more over the form of the building, so the form is oriented as the
function does.
.
[Link] Principles

7.5.1. Site Planning

Below shown, in Fig. 7-4, is the site plan of the proposed Hotel. With reference to the site
plan, the building is designed, keeping in mind the immediate context of the site. Major stress
has been given to minimize the site circulation and thus the paved areas. As can be observed
from the below figure, Separate Entry and exit given for regular guest and banquet

if the guest. Along with the green terrace on top of the main lobby, the landscaped areas
shape the building into a quite dynamic and regular model. At back of the building, the
regular square shaped areas are used for Lawn party.

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The building is having public spaces spread over its ground floor with larger foot print
whereas the guest floors are having smaller foot print, the remaining area is converted into
roof garden.

Figure 7-4: Site Plan

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7.5.2. Ground Floor

In Figure 7-5, the ground level plan of the hotel is shown. This shows the placement of
different public spaces on the floor. As can be seen, most of the public spaces are accounted
for except two restaurants and the business zone, which are on different floors.
As can be seen from the Fig 7-5, i.e. the main lobby of the hotel, the lobby space is flanked
two huge floor to floor heighted curtain walls. This results in a huge amount of day lighting
flowing in from three sides. The planning of the Lobby is in accordance to the
recommendations derived from the case studies and thus is centrally placed, from which all
the circulation networks are joined.
This results in better security overview and efficient circulations for both guests and the staff.
The service core is also so placed as to screen the movement of the support staff from the
guests, but provide required assistance as and when necessary.
The proposed design thus learns from the mistakes of the case studies and improves upon
them for a better-evolved design.

Figure 7-5: Ground Floor Plan

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Figure 7-6: First Floor Plan

Figure 7-7: Second Floor Plan- Service Floor

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7.5.3. Guest Room Floor

The guest floor is separated from the public space in ground floor; each floor is having
Housekeeping with laundry shuts and butler rooms. Third to sixth floor are typical floors
with standard and deluxe rooms suitable for the businesspersons whereas seventh floor
consists of executive rooms and Presidential room, So that these rooms get higher view of
cityscape.
Orientation of the building and plan configuration selected not only to enhance views
but also to reduce energy expenses for heating and air conditioning.
Minimize the impact of lateral wind loading on the structure.
Reduce as much as possible the walking distances for both guest and the house
keeping staff
Adequate number of linen storage and vending areas, equipment rooms.

Figure 7-8: Typical Floor Plan - Guest Floor

Figure 7-9: Seventh Floor Plan - Guest Floor

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Figure 7-10: Terrace Floor Plan

7.5.4. Basement Services

Upper Basement Floor of the hotel contains parking facilities for the guests, including valet
and self-parking. It also contains the service rooms such as, Driver room and Toilets.
Lower Basement Floor consists Back of the house facility, Staff entry, Security office,
Garbage disposal, Staff locker rooms, Maintainers rooms and workshops. Service areas like
HVAC room, Pump room, Electrical rooms, STP (Sewage Treatment Plant).

Figure 7-11: Basement I Floor Plan

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Figure 7-12: Basement II Floor Plan

Figure 7-13: East-West section through central lobby

Figure 7-14: North-South section through central lobby

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Figure 7-15: North-South section through pub

Figure 7-16: North-South section through banquet hall

Figure 7-17: Front Elevation

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Figure 7-18: Rear Elevation

Figure 7-19: East Elevation

Figure 7-20: West Elevation

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Figure 7-21: view of entry to hotel

Figure 7-22: View of service entry

Figure 7-23: View of swimming pool

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8. CONCLUSION

[Link] lessons learnt

The thesis project made some indelible marks on the collective knowledge of my
architectural education. Some of the important things learnt from hotel design process are as
follows:
Efficient space planning of commercial properties where each square inch has a
premium market value
Creating functionally efficient and robust layouts which in result would make
up a holistic recreational building
Getting to know the various Brand Standards used in international hospitality
Industry
Efficient site planning in a small site
Creating a 5 star property without compromising on either bye-laws or aesthetics
Various technical details of Central Kitchen and service floors
[Link]
The following table summarily concludes some of the aspects of the design and thus
quantifies all the studied data and findings gleamed from them.
Assessment criteria Lalit, Candigarh Vivant, Bengaluru Proposed Design
Response to Site Constraints 7.5 6 7
Shape of Building 6.5 8 7
Placement of Public Spaces 8.5 7.5 7.5
Main Lobby lighting 7.5 6.5 8
Width of Circulation Space 7 8 7
Service Network Connection 8.5 7 8
Segregation of Staff & Guest Movement 8 7 8
Integration of Landscape into Building Design 7.5 8 7
Overall Building Design 7 8 7.5
Total
Table 8-1: Assessment of Circulation Space
Source: Author

The ratings are provided by self-assessment. All the ratings are out of 10. As can be seen
from the above table, the proposed hotel fares better than the design of Vivant Bengaluru,
but is slightly behind Lalit Chandigarh.
[Link] for further research
After finding out the shortcomings and achievements of the design proposal it is hereby
observed that some spaces could have been designed in a better manner and could be
improved upon. Some spaces were not designed according to ideal conditions due to shortage
of space or time constraints. For example, shopping arcades, health areas and back of house
could have been more detailed.
These shortcomings could be overcome by further research and more meticulous work by
students.

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9. REFERENCE

1. Tungnung, K. (2015). Passive Design with Affordances - Towards Low-energy

Architecture in India. PhD. Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan. Print.
2. Tungnung, K & Kodama, Y. (2015). Affordance of Thermal Comfort through Passive
Design - Towards Sustainable Architecture in India. Design Research, 67, pp. 32-39.
3. Tungnung, K & Kodama, Y. (2014). Affordance of Thermal Comfort through Passive
Design: A Case Analysis on Effects of Ventilation, Shading, and Thermal Mass in
Delhi. In: 30th International PLEA Conference, Ahmedabad, India, 16-18 December
2014. Ahmedabad: CEPT Univ. Press, 2014.
4. Tungnung, K (2010), AKA The Lalit Chandigarh.
5. Likitha. K, (2017) Study of Hotel The Taj Vivant, Bengaluru.
6. Callender, J. and Chiara, J. (1983) Time Saver Standards Building Type, Singapore:
McGraw-Hill.
7. Pickard, Q. (2002) Architect's Handbook, 2nd edition, Malden, MA: Blackwell
Science.
8. Neufert, P. and Neufert, E. (n.d) Architect's Data, 3rd edition, Oxford: Blackwell
Science.
9. HRACC (2011) Guidelines for Star Rating of Hotels, New Delhi: Ministry of
Tourism.
10. Lawson, F. (1996) Hotels, Motels, and Condominiums, London: Architectural Press.
11. Merritt, F.S. and Ricketts, J.T. (2000) Building Design and Construction Handbook,
6th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.
12. Richardson, A.E. and Corfiato, H. (1956) Design in Civil Architecture, 1st edition,
New York: Philosophical Library.
13. Sebestyen, G. (2003) New Architecture and Technology, 1st edition, Oxford:
Architectural Press.
14. Jan A. deRoos. (2012) Planning and Programming a Hotel, Cornell University School
of Hotel Administration.
15. Poore, J. (1994) Interior Color By Design, 1st edition, Gloucester: Rockport
Publishers Inc.
16. Kimberly M. Rutkin (2005), User preference of interior design elements in hotel
lobby spaces, Master of Interior Design, University of Florida.

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