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Introduction To Algebra-P121-154

Chapter 5 discusses multi-variable linear equations, focusing primarily on two-variable linear equations and their solutions. It introduces methods for solving these equations, including substitution and the exploration of systems of equations where solutions must satisfy multiple equations simultaneously. The chapter emphasizes the concept of generating infinite solutions for a single equation and the process of finding specific solutions for systems of equations.

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6 views34 pages

Introduction To Algebra-P121-154

Chapter 5 discusses multi-variable linear equations, focusing primarily on two-variable linear equations and their solutions. It introduces methods for solving these equations, including substitution and the exploration of systems of equations where solutions must satisfy multiple equations simultaneously. The chapter emphasizes the concept of generating infinite solutions for a single equation and the process of finding specific solutions for systems of equations.

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lala mei
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CHAPTER 5. MULTI-VARIABLE LINEAR EQUATIONS a c 1 1S - 2 I's s0 much better with two, ~ Winnie the Pooh (A. A. Milne) CHAPTER: 5 Lo Multi-Variable Linear Equations In this chapter we explore linear equations with more than one variable. Again, by “linear,” we mean that each term with a variable only has one variable, and that variable is only raised to the first power. Most of the equations we work with in this chapter are two-variable linear equations, such as 2x-3y=7. (Other examples of linear equations with more than one variable are: 2r + 138 = 23 wextytz=8. xytrtys8 vay ars. 5.1 Introduction to Two-Variable Linear Equations We start our exploration of two-variable linear equations by experimenting with some examples. Extral Place the numbers 1 through 8 in the circles at right such that =m no two consecutive numbers are in circles that are directly con- nected by a line, Answer on page 221. Source: Martin Gardner 104 5.1, INTRODUCTION TO TWO-VARIABLE LINEAR EQUATIONS [ex+dy | Here's an example of this matrix multiplication in action: 2 -5)[ 4 ]_[2-4+9)-(-]_| 18 3 | 27] Gy-44+3-(-2) ]* | -10 | Continued on the next page. icy CHALLENGE PROBLEMS Extrat . .. continued from the previous page se-=ses We can use matrices to represent systems of linear equations, For example, the system can be written as [3 e1G/13h s» ‘To see why, we multiply the matrices on the left side of the equation: 2 | x-5y 4 =| -r+3y So, our equation (5.1) is the same as 2e-5y =x+3y a ‘Comparing the top entries in the two matrices in this equation gives us 2x ~5y = 18 and comparing the bottom entries gives us -x +-3y = ~10. What's so good about writing this system of equations with matrices like we did in equation (5.1) above? ‘We multiply both sides of 3z = 1 by 1/3 to make the coefficient of z equal to 1 and find 2 Similarly, we can multiply both sides of equation (5.1) by a matrix that will allow us to climinate the matrix on the left side. Here's the rule for multiplying two 2 x2 matrices: ax+by mw be a cxtdy cw de Let's look at an example: 35][ 2 -5]_[3-2+5-<0) 12}, -1 3 J>[1-242-e0 Let's see what happens when we multiply both sides of equation (5:1) by besser a eRe a ‘We know the product of the two 2.x 2 matrices on the far left, 80 we have olfz]_f 4 ijly}Fl2 ‘Multiplying the matrices on the left side of this equation gives | § | = | a | So,x=4 and y = -2. Of course, left out of this description is how we chose the matrix we multiplied equation (6.1) by. Experiment with some systems of your own and see if you can figure it out! 137

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