Solutions Short Notes by Ayushi Ma’am

Solutions - mixture G substances

>
Homogeneous
- solute + solvent Inon-volatile
(more
volabile
Clessant)
art 3 cannot
vaporise
can
vaporise ↓
↓
classification
> no .

of components (binary
2
comp
die Yas solids

Sphysical state
solute
a
types ⑧ solubility >
- Max amount
of
that can dissolve in fix
solvent at const
amount solute in known amount
of
concentration > of
solvent at fix T &P
of
amount

T & P
⑨ solubility of n
did iliq
.-
40 % ww
① wiw % -to solute X100 eg Th solubility ↑ endothumic

not
of solution >
-
nog solute is
(dissolving sugar easy
hot water
>
-
loogsolv than cold water)
>
- solvent
Gog Ph
solubility >
- no effect

② VI % - volume solute eg55 % v/V solids are

rigid & incompressible)
- of
volume 55m/ solute
of Son +
asniliq-
>
- looml soin ⑩ solubility of
solvent Coolddwink + Co2)
>
- us me TQ gold

③ WIV % - Prsola
(colddrink tight sealy
solute x100
% w/v
volume
of
solv
egn0 ⑪ Attempting
numericals -
>

>
- solute solution chapter
nog
> 100 mr sol
S
-

gaslig
Y

hallig solid/lig
son som
sohr
moles /solute)
⑦ Molarity (M) >
-

Volume Soln (2)

=

Bx me Y
~ -

Raoult colligative
henry Lau Properties
law

formula -
moles /solutel wa 1000 ⑫ other important >

of
=

⑤ - no
Motility (m) -

is A M
10 X WIW % Xd
Solvent(kg)
=
-
Mass
MMass solute

VIV %, why , M
⑥ Temp dependent terms -
>
(volume factor V
m T

tommm(solutel
Solutions Short Notes by Ayushi Ma’am
Solution Condition
⑬ enry
Law Igas in
lig soln) ⑯ -
Ideal
law
in
vapour phase
is Follow Raoult
Partial
pressure of gas a)
to mole fraction Rooult have calculated Py
directly propotional of to
b) Up all

A-B (intraction)
gas
in
lig phase
.

C) A-A ,
B-B =

CHA-Sologgas (solution]
PXx >
- P KneA (solvent) (solute)
=

A
in LP)
M
e) Almix o
=

·
0
d) Almix =

kn4TH d
solubility f) As mix >0 h) AGmix <8

Pressure VS
solubility
in
vapour phase
-PA
P = Total pressure A

PA
PTyA
po
mole track in Up
=

Ya
.

HA = 0 HA = 1
XB 1 =
xB = 0

⑭ Application of Henry Law

sealed
I cold drink
bottle
tightly ⑰ -
Solution
Non-Ideal
Bends - PAN2 sord
2 Scuba divers - redeviation
deviction
-

the
.

He used
>
-
gas up ↑ Raon
It hav Upd Rooulthaw
Lowp-Ord blood
·
·

Anoxia &
Mountains
.
3 ·
A-B (weak) ·
A-B (strong)
·

Almix 0 Anmix <0

lig solutions)
·

⑮ hou't naw (lig in

·
Armix >6
·
AVmix O

Chloroform factors,
/A +
someevent
·

A and B ethanol + 4201

Two liquids Be
·
HNO3 + 420
actone
Eurou +

PA = POANA

PB = POBUB ⑱ covligative properties

-

PA (POB-POA) &B (solid in

lig) (non-vol in volatile
PT = +

depend upon
no .

in mixture Properties that

only
not on their
PaeXPressure of LigA of
solute particles and
in muxure
PB-V pressure high nature.

mixture
of a) Relative Lowering of vapour pressure
Di + pressure of
Total in Bopt
Elevation
solvent 6)
NA-Molefraction of C Depressing
mi
Bopt
soin
xB - mole fraction of d)
Osmotic Pressure
PAT up of pure solvent lig
poB-VP solute lig
of pure
Solutions Short Notes by Ayushi Ma’am

⑲ coney
ograpour pressure ⑭ #smosisthrough servi permeable
movement · solvent
Pressure exerted by vapours of a
lig membrane from :

Cow sol >

- High
cone of soln
on the surface
conc
of solute
Y sank -
> U

volatile solvent >

- how cone of polvent
>
- solid is non High cone
of Pressure
upd Press - Low Vapour
>
- solid added
to
lig - High Vapor

Reverse osmosis
Lowering
⑳ Relative in up ⑮ - osmosis by
the direction of
Reversing
greater pressure
PA applying
= NB a

Lisotonic SoM)
For diluteSolutions APA ⑯ Al = 52
A
>A2 - hypotonic
moles solute
POA-Up solvent no of hypertonic
Of pure hi-
mote
na-no ·

ef shrink
mixture
PA- Up
of Solvent
in solle
cell kept conc
swee
in dinte sol
-
in B pt
⑫levation
.

cell kept
Tb2 job
VPXBpta -

vPatBp esolvent B p) want hoff factor

⑰
.

+ Coin B pt) .

Tob ATb < m -

DTb Tb -

after dissociation
=

kbm
& Tb =
i nations
=

ATb KbX B X 100 before dissociation

of ions
=
no
WA
MB
i= 1
-
non electrolyte >
-

solute isi
pression in Fpt Y -dissociate
>
-

② I electrolyte
Y associate - iCI

updFpH >
- If < Tof
UpX F .

pt >
-
Degree of
dissociation x = E
n 1
-

&If < IE
TF If >
- association
m
A If = -

Degree of <:

If =
& kfor In -1

* if : If x Bx1o ⑱ Formula
Inal
MB WA RLUP ai
1. -PA = IRB
upat
kb & If depend upon solvent ,
POA

only 2. ATS = ikb tr ATb Li

Tb < i
iKf t
.
3 ATF =

* T+ <i

⑳ Osimetic pressure
-
solution side to stop
4 .
A = iCRT
Toft
Ci
Extra pressure applied
on

R = 0 .
0821 atm
A= CRT
osmosis 083 bas
.

0
hB/vR]
.

A=