PHRASES

BASIC BASICS
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In Korean there is no key order which must always be followed in every sentence but
there are rules which should always be applied:

1 The subject is placed before the direct object.

2 .The time must be located first, and then the place.
3 The subject is placed before the direct object.
4 . Adverbs that are not temporal go together before the verb.
5 The verb always goes at the end of the sentence.
6 . The closer a word is to the verb, the more important it is.

Now I will give you a general base structure:

저는 어젯밤에 집에서 맛있는 만두를 많이 만들었어요.

• Subject: It is usually placed at the beginning of the sentence, it is always placed

before the direct object.

• Time: Should be placed before place.

• Place: It is placed after time.

• Adjective: It is placed before the noun to be qualified.

• Direct object: It is usually placed before the verb and if the sentence has an
adverb, then before the verb.

• Adverb: It is placed before the verb.

• Verb: It is placed at the end of the sentence, verbs can be action or descriptive
verbs.

• Particles: They are attached to nouns to indicate their function within the
sentence.

• Formality: It is added to verbs together with the verb tense to indicate the level
of trust and respect towards others.
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1. I am from . (Nationality)
1. 저는 사람이에요.

3. I am . (Profession)
저는 멕시코 사람이에요.

2. I am not from .
2. 저는 사람이 아니에요. 저는 화가예요.

저는 한국 사람이 아니에요.
4. 저는 이에요/예요.

5. I am not .
6. 저는 이/가 아니에요.

저는 학생이 아니에요.

이다 has the same meaning as the Spanish verb "To be", while 아니다 has the meaning of
"Not to be", when these are used they will always be placed at the end of the sentence,
when using 아니다, we must place "이/가" with those who we are not, this means that it is
used with the direct object.
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7. What is ? (Objects)
8. 이/가 뭐예요?

이것이 뭐예요?

9. That's a .
10. 그것은 이에요/예요.

그것은 공이에요.

11. Is that a/a ?

(Object)
7. 그것이 이에요/예요?
12. This is not a/a
.
13. 이것은 이/가 아니에요. 그것이 카메라예요?

이것은 공책이 아니에요.

"이것, 그것 and 저것" are used the same as "this, that and that" in Spanish, it will be used
depending on the distance or closeness of the object according to the receiver and
sender, when asking about the object, 이/가 is usually used with these, but when
answering, "은/는" is usually used.
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9. WhatBASIC
9.
does it mean?
이/가 무슨 뜻이에요?
? (Nouns)
QA
대박이 무슨 뜻이에요?

10. How do you say in Korean

10. 은/는 한국어로 어떻게 말해요?

Student 는 한국어로 어
떻게 말해요?
11. I have a/a . (Object)
7. 저는 이/가 있어요

저는 그림이 있어요.
12. I don't have one
12. 저는 이/가 없어요.

저는 숙제가 없어요.
When talking about what you own or have and what you don't, we should use 있다 (Have) and 없다
(Don't have) at the end of the sentence, you should also mark what you own or don't own by
placing 이/가 right at the end of them.
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13. I'm in . (Place)

14. 저는 에 있어요.

저는 중국에 있어요

15. I'm not in . (Place)

16. 저는 에 없어요.
저는 일본에 없어요.

17. I'm going to . (Place)

18. 저는 에 가요.

저는 학교에 가요

19. Where is he? ?

16. 어디에 있어요?

(Place)

공원 어디에 있어요?

When 있다 and 없다 are used to say that someone or

something is or is not in a certain place, the marker
"에" should be placed at the end of the place. When it
is a directional verb like 가다, 에 is also used to
indicate where the subject is going.
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20. I have years. (Age)

17. 저는 살이에요.

저는 열두 살이에요.

18. My phone number is

18. 제 전화번호는 이에요/예요.

.
제 전화번호는 502-674 예요.

19. Give me a/an . (Object)

20. 주세요.

커피 한 잔 주세요.

21. When is it? ? (Date)

22. 이/가 언제예요?

파티가 언제예요?

Remember that when you request or ask for a

certain amount of something, you must use certain
counters right after the amount, using in this case
pure Korean numbers just like when telling the time
or age, while for phone numbers you must use Sino-
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Korean numbers.
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23. I want to be .
(Profession)
24. 저는 이/가 되고 싶어요.
저는 도서관에서 책을 읽어요.

저는 건축가가 되고 싶어요

22. I don't want to be . (Action)

22. 저는 이/가 되고 싶지 않아요.

지금 뭐 해요?

저는 요리사가 되고 싶지 않아요

23. I read a book in . (Place)

23. 저는 에서 책을 읽었어요.

24. What ? (Action)

24. 뭐 ?

When we use action verbs such as "Do", "See",

"Eat", "Read", among others, we must remember that
the direct object must be marked with " 을 / 를 " by
placing these at the end of it, the direct object will
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always be the one that answers the question

"What?".
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25. I will do .
(Nouns)
25. 저는 할 거예요.

저는 여행 할 거예요.

26. More than I thought.

(Adjectives)

26. 생각보다 더

생각보다 더 쉬네요

27. Where are we?

(Verbs)

27. 어디서 (으)ㄹ까요?.

어디서 점심 먹을까요?

28. That's why I can't

(Verbs)
28. 그래서 못 .

그래서 못 가요.

Remember that 할 거예요 is the union of the verb "하다" (To do) plus the future ending,
so you can create new sets of sentences also by exchanging the verb 하다 for another
one, and to add (으)ㄹ까요? will depend on the ending of the verb.
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29. If I have time I want

(Verb)
30. 시간이 있으면 고 싶어요.

시간이 있으면 산책하고 싶어요

31. If so, how about it? ?

(Adjectives)

32. 그렇면 은/는 어때요?

그렇면 토요일은 어때요?

33. I'm
(Verbs)
34. 저는 고 있어요.

저는 공부하고 있어요.

35. Try/Try
(Verbs)
36. 아/어/여 보세요.

김치 먹어보세요.

The word 그렇면 can also be translated into English as

"Then", it is good to remember that 아/어/여 봤다 in the
past tense is used to express that the subject has
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already attempted or performed such an action.

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36.
33. What
I like itwould you like?
(Verb) (Verbs)

36.
33. 뭐 는거 좋아해요.
(으)ㄹ래요?

그림 그리는 거 좋아해요.

34. I like it when I have the time.

(Verb)
34. 시간이 날 때 는 걸 좋아해요.

시간이 날 때 그림을 그리는 걸 좋아해요.

35. I have to
(Verbs)

35. 저는 아/어/해야 해요.

저는 숙제해야 해요.

뭐 먹을래요?

The ending (으)ㄹ래요? It is used to ask the receiver's opinion or desire about a fact, it
can also be translated into Spanish as "Do you want?" or "Would you like?"
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37. Thank you for .
(Verb)
37. 아/어 주셔서 감사합니다.
도와주셔서 감사합니다.

38. I'm sorry for

(Verb)

38. 아/어/해서 죄송합니다.

늦어서 죄송합니다.

39. Let me know if

(Verbs)

39. (으)면 알려주세요.

질문이 있으면 알려주세요.

40. I have a question (Ask)

40. 저는 질문이 있는데

저는 질문이 있는데
그건 무슨 뜻이에요?

"저는 질문이 있는데" is a way of connecting two sentences and introducing a

question.
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41. It's easy .
(Verb)
42. 기 쉬워요.

한국어를 배우기 쉬워요.

It's easy to learn Korean.

43. It's difficult .

(Verb)

44. 기 어려워요.

김치를 만들기 어려워요.

It is difficult to prepare Kimchi.

45. I started to .
(Verb)

46. 기 시작해요.

한국어 공부하기 시작해요.

I started learning Korean.

47. I hope that (Verb) .

48. 길 바래요.

빨리 나아길 바래요.
I hope you get better soon.

"길" is a contraction of "기를", structures containing 기 can also be found written as "기가"
but it is less frequently used.
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49. It would be nice if .
(Verb)
50. 았/었/였으면 좋겠어요.

비가 안 왔으면 좋겠어요.
It would be nice if it
didn't rain.

46. You can't

(Verb)

46. 으면 안 돼요.

도서관에서 이야기하면 안 돼요.

You can't talk in the
library.

47. You can .

(Verb)

47. 아/어/여도 돼요.

이제 집에 가도 돼요.
You can go home
now.

48. It's okay that

1
(VerkAh

48. 아/어/여도 괜찮아요.

창문을 열어도
괜찮아요 It's okay to open
the window.

아/어/여도 괜찮아요 and 아/어/여도 돼요 are interchangeable structures, they are used to ask or
declare that the subject can or is allowed to perform the action, this means that the
subject is allowed to perform the action.
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49. My name is .
(Name)
50. 저는 (이)라고 해요.

저는 송이라고 해요.
My name is
Song-i.

51. You can call me .

(Name)
52. (이)라고 불러도 돼요.

미나라고 불러도 돼요.

You can call me
Mina.

53. How much does it cost

(Noun)

54. 이/가 얼마예요?

이 수박이 얼마예요?
How much
does this
watermelon cost?

55. I want (Verb)

52. 저는 고 싶어요.
저는 한국에 가고 싶어요.
I want to go to Korea.

When you use 저는 송이라고 해요 you literally say "My name is Song-i", on the contrary when
using 제 이름은 송이입니다 you literally say "My name is Song-i".
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53. I stayed in .
(Verb)
54. 제가 기로 했어요.

내일 가기로
했어요 I agreed to go
tomorrow.

55. Glide .
(Verb)
56. (으)ㄹ 계획이에요.

한국에 공부할 계획이에요.

I plan to study in Korea.

57. I can
(Noun)
58. （으）ㄹ 수 있어요.

한국말 할 수 있어요.
I can speak Korean.

59. I can't (Verb)

56. 저는 （으）ㄹ 수 없어요.

문을 닫을 수 없어요
I can't open the door.

"(으)ㄹ 수 없어요/있어요" Indicates the existence or nonexistence of ability to do or perform

something, it can be translated into Spanish as "Not being able/ Being able to perform x
action."
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57. The language I want to learn is
(Language)

58. 저는 배우고 싶은 언어는 예요.

배우고 싶은 언어는 한국어예요.
The language I want
to learn is Korean.

58. I live in .
(Place)

58. 저는 에(서) 살고 있어요

저는 서울에서 살고 있어요.
I live in Seoul.

59. The season that I like the most is

(Season)
59. 제 좋아하는 계절은 이에요.

제 좋아하는 계절은 봄이에요

The station that I like
the most
I like spring.

60. My hobby is .
(Hobby)

60. 제 취미는 이에요/예요.

제 취미는 축구예요
My hobby is football.

In case you want to use an action to describe your hobby you will have
to use the following structure "제 취미는 (Hobby + action)는 거예요, for example
"제 취미는 테니스를 치는 거예요" = My hobby is playing tennis.
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