Stool Sample Collection Guide
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsStool Sample Collection Guide
Translated by
ScribdTranslations“Taking stool
samples”
Carlos Alvaro Segura Ramos3rd
A Nursing
Teacher: Gloria Esther
AuilaPech-Outpatient and
hospital nursing-
This diagnostic test consists of analyzing a person's
concept
feces and is a very useful tool for multiple diseases. It is
used to determine the content and weight of the stool,
whether there is a lot of fat, pus, mucus or blood, and
to detect possible microorganisms that are causing
infectious conditions.
aim
• The main objective is to maintain the viability of the bacteria found
in the sample and to ensure proper handling of the sample.
• To determine the presence of blood, parasites or their eggs, fatty
bile, pathogenic microbes or certain substances such as drugs
ingested for diagnostic purposes.
• Observe the presence of abnormal elements and physical
characteristics of the feces.
What are feces made of?
• Feces or excrement are composed of indigestible food substances (fibers,
for example) and undigested substances, such as mucous secretions and
cellulose, remains of intestinal juices from the liver, pancreas and other glands,
cellular remains, fat, water, mineral salts and huge amounts of bacteria.
In percentage terms, three-quarters of feces are water and the remaining quarter
are solid matter consisting of dead bacteria (30%), proteins (2-3%), fat (10-20%),
inorganic substances (10-20%) and indigestible remains (30%).
What does the analysis consist of?
The analysis consists of collecting a stool sample from the person for whom
the study is requested, which, after being properly preserved, is sent to a
laboratory specialising in this type of study.
Types of stool tests
ID Parasitological
Examination
ID Bacteriological
Examination
ID Chemical Exam
Types of stool tests
Parasitological examination consists of the detection of parasites
such as:
□ Helminths (worms) that can be seen with the naked eye
□ Helminth eggs or larvae, which are only visible under a microscope.
Protozoa that may be motile or non-motile and may be found as immobile,
□ resistant forms (cysts).
Types of stool tests
Bacteriological examination consists of detecting disease-causing
bacteria through the culture of feces.
This test consists of stimulating the growth of any microorganisms
present in the fragments of the patient's fecal matter using a gel to
search for and identify pathogenic bacteria.
Types of stool tests
Chemical tests are performed primarily to detect occult blood in the
stool.
Importance in studying chronic anemia due to suspected occult bleeding
in the digestive tract: ulcer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer.
Types of stool analysis
Van Kamer test: This is a specific test to measure the amount of fat in the stool
more accurately than a biochemical study. Several stool samples need to be
collected.
I
D Enzyme detection: mainly the presence of pancreatic enzymes in the feces is
studied, which are essential for digestion.
I Wet examination: consists of diluting the feces and observing them directly under a
D microscope. It allows to detect parasites and their eggs, and other larger elements.
I
D
Stool analysis is one of the most frequently used diagnostic techniques in medicine.
Provides very valuable information for:
What is it used for?
□ To determine whether the digestive organs are functioning properly and to suspect
the existence of intestinal syndromes or diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's
disease).
□ Diagnose bacterial infections or parasitic infestations in the intestinal tract.
□ Detect the presence of occult blood in the stool, which is characteristic of
inflammatory, infectious or tumor processes (colon cancer, for example).
Precautions
• Collect samples preferably in the morning.
• That the container in which the sample is collected is perfectly sterile.
• Do not mix feces with urine or water because this destroys the trophozoites, nor with toilet
paper, because this contains bismuth and alters the test results.
• Use a clean bottle.
• It should not be performed after a sitz bath, administration of antibiotics, dyes for
radiographic studies of the gallbladder, non-absorbable antacids, evacuating enemas,
greasy foods or medications in patients who are going to have samples collected for
bacteriological analysis.
• Remind patients and family members of hygiene measures if they are going to pick
up the items themselves.
• If your stool looks strange, tell your doctor.
• Never leave stool samples exposed to the air or in uncovered containers.
• Avoid contaminating the outside of the bottle with feces.
Nursing assistance
1. Obtain the necessary, complete and timely material and equipment
2. Explain the procedure to the patient and ask for his or her cooperation.
3. Take the necessary amount of the sample at the moment indicated.
4. Place the sample in the designated bottle for this.
5. Make the letterhead (name, number) record, date, number ofbed, and
name of the doctor who requested it.)
6. Check the request for laboratory tests to be performed and patient data.
7. Note any relevant facts about the appearance of the sample.
Equipment and
Material
Request for
ID
examination
Wide mouth jar with lid
ID
Tongue Depressors
ID
Gloves
ID
Letterhead for the bottle
Comfortable
IDD
Washbasin and soap dish with soap
IDD
Disposable towels
IDD
procedure
Wash your hands
Prepare the equipment and take it to the patient's unit
2.
Identify the patient
3.
Provide psychological preparation
4. Physical preparation
5. Place the patient on the comfortable position and ask the patient to evacuate.
6. Provide sanitary pads and remove the commode, covering it with towels.
7. the patient to wash his or her hands.
Ask
8. the patient comfortable.
Make
9.
Using a tongue depressor, take a sample and place it in the jar and cover it.
13. Remove the equipment and provide after-use care.
14. Make notes on the nursing sheet and laboratory control book.
15. Send the sample to the laboratory.
amount
• • The amount of stool produced varies greatly with diet and other factors. The average
is 200 g in 24 h. One or two bowel movements a day can be considered normal, even one
bowel movement every 2 or 3 days is common among healthy people.
• Sample volume
Volumeoptimal: 30 grams in solid samples and 5 ml in
diarrheal samples
Volume minimum: 30 grams in solid samples and 5 ml in
diarrheal samples
consistency
In each case, the intestinal habit must be taken into account. Normally, the
stool should be solid and "formed", that is, cylindrical, consistent, and maintain
this shape after being excreted.
Type 01 • • • Separate pedagogs, • • T hard
as amendoim
Sausage shape,
Type
02 more segmented
Sausage shape, more
comfortable on the surface
Shape of sausage or
cobra, smooth and
mole
Big blocks, but sharp
Type contours
05
Aerated edges, slanted
Type
contours
06
Watery, no solids
Type sticks
07
Normally, and with a mixed diet, the stool is brown or tan in colour, more
color
or less dark in adults, and darkens as time passes when exposed to air.
Transport temperature and stability
Atmosphe
re:
12 hours.
• Refrigerated:
• 2 days.
• Rejection criteria
Insufficient samples.
SERIAL COPRO (3)
Come to the lab for sample collection
Collect a small portion of fresh stool from the darkest and/or mucoid part in the container provided by
the laboratory; approximately 30 g.
Optional: If the patient is an adult, the sample can be collected at home and delivered to the laboratory
within a maximum time of 15 minutes.
NOTE:
*If the test is coprological, it is required to abstain from consuming red meat within the last 3 days before
taking the sample (preferably), otherwise inform Jan. Laboratory when was the last time you consumed
them.
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
Coproculture or coproparasitoscopic examination
Coproculture or coproparasitoscopic examination consists of the cultivation of fecal
matter. It is a microbiological diagnostic method that allows the identification of
different organisms that cause gastrointestinal diseases.
• Purpose It is indicated for the diagnosis of certain infections of the gastrointestinal
tract, especially those infections caused by bacteria. It is used to study cases of severe,
persistent or recurrent diarrhea without known causes, and in cases of diarrhea
associated with the use of antibiotics.
Coproparasitology
•• Coproparasitology is the science that studies parasites and microorganisms that
are in excess or interfere with the proper functioning of the body, and that somehow
make themselves known through fecal matter; since that is where the waste that the
body does not need goes and is expelled, but sometimes it is not expelled completely
but some parts remain inside and it is necessary to examine the sample to find out
what the problem is.
• A stool culture is performed on a Petri dish containing a growth medium. Growth is
monitored, and if microorganisms are present, they are identified by microscopy or the
Laboratory technique
use of specific stains.
• Complementary tests The following tests are usually performed to complement the
culture:
• Gram stain of stool.
Fecal smear and examination for eggs and
parasites.
literature
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• Dodin A., Fournier JM. 1992. Méthodes de Laboratoire pour le diagnosis du Vibrion cholerique et des other
Vibrions. Institut Pasteur – Méthodes de Laboratoire, Paris.
• Fact sheets on laboratory safety and infectious substance spills. PAHO/WHO, Ecuador.
• Sending stool samples. In Basic Techniques Manual for a Health Laboratory. Pan American Health
Organization, Scientific Publication No. 439, Washington DC
• [Link]
• [Link]
3&catid=37:studies&Itemid=69
• [Link]
• [Link]
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