Chapter 2 (1st Year Physics) Vector and Equilibrium
EXERCISE (SHORT QUESTIONS)
Q # 1. Define the terms (i) Unit Vector (ii) Position Vector (iii) Component of a Vector.
(i) Unit Vector
A vector having the unit magnitude is called the unit vector. It is used to indicate the
direction of any vector. The unit vector in the direction of vector A is expressed as
̂
| |
where ̂ is the unit vector in the direction of vector A and | | is its magnitude.
(ii) Position Vector
The position vector describes the location of a point with respect to origin. In two
dimension, the position vector ‘ ’ of point is describe as
̂ ̂
The magnitude of this position vector will be
√
In three dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, the position vector ‘ ’ of point
is describe as
̂ ̂ ̂
The magnitude of this position vector will be
√
(iii) Component of a Vector
A component of a vector is its effective value in a specific direction.
Q # 2. The vector sum of three vectors gives a zero resultant. What can be the orientation of
the vectors?
Ans. If the three vectors are such that they can be represented by the
sides of a triangle taken in cyclic order, then the vector sum of three
vectors will be zero.
Let three vectors and are the three vectors acting along the
sides of triangle as shown in the figure.
As the head of coincides with the tail of , so by head to tail
rule, the resultant of these three vectors will be zero.
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Chapter 2 (1st Year Physics) Vector and Equilibrium
Q # 3. Vector lies in xy plane. For what orientation will both of its rectangular components
be negative? For what components will its components have
opposite signs?
Ans. i) When the vector lies in 3rd quadrant, then both of its
rectangular components of vector will negative.
ii) The components of a vector have opposite sign when
the vector lies in 2nd or 4th quadrant.
If and are the rectangular components of vector ,
then rectangular components of vectors in different quadrants will be:
Q # 4. If one of the rectangular components of a vector is not zero, can its magnitude be zero?
Explain.
Ans. If one of the components is not zero, then the magnitude of vector can’t be zero. If and
are the rectangular components of vector , then its magnitude will be:
Magnitude of √
If , then √
If , then √
Q # 5. Can a vector have a component greater than the vector’s magnitude?
Ans. The magnitude of the component of a vector can never be greater than the vector’s magnitude
because the component of a vector is its effective value in a specific direction. The maximum value
of magnitude of component can be equal to the magnitude of the vector.
Q # 6. Can the magnitude of a vector have a negative value?
Ans. No, the magnitude of a vector cannot be negative, because the magnitude of vector can be
described by the formula:
Magnitude of = √
Where and are the rectangular components of . As the squares of real quantities always gives
the positive values. Therefore, the magnitude of a vector will always be positive.
Q # 7. If , what can you say about the components of the two vectors.
Ans. Given that:
These vectors can be expressed in terms of rectangular components,
̂ ̂ ( ̂ ̂)
̂ ̂ ̂ ̂
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Chapter 2 (1st Year Physics) Vector and Equilibrium
Comparing the coefficients of unit vectors ̂ and ̂, we get:
and
Hence the components of both vectors are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
Q # 8. Under what circumstances would a vector have components that are equal in
magnitude?
Ans. The components of a vector will have equal magnitude when it makes an angle of 45˚ with x-
axis. If a vector makes an angle of 45˚, then its rectangular components will be:
Q # 9. Is it possible to add a vector quantity to a vector quantity to a scalar quantity?
Ans. No it is not possible to add a vector quantity to a scalar quantity because the physical quantities
of same nature can be added. Vectors and scalars are different physical quantities. It means that
vectors can be added to vectors and scalars are added in scalars, but the vectors can’t be added to
scalar.
Q # 10. Can you add zero to a null vector?
Ans. No, zero can’t be added to a null vector because zero is a scalar and scalars can’t be added to
vectors. Only the physical quantities of same nature can be added.
Q # 11. Two vectors have unequal magnitudes. Can their sum be zero? Explain.
Ans. No, the sum of two vectors having unequal magnitudes can’t be zero. The sum of two vectors
will be zero only when their magnitudes are equal and they act in opposite direction.
Q # 12. Show that the sum and the difference of two perpendicular vectors of equal lengths are
also perpendicular and of same length.
Ans. Consider two vectors and of equal magnitude which are perpendicular to each other. The
sum and the difference of both vectors gives the resultant and , respectively, and are described
below:
̂ ̂
̂ ̂
Magnitude of √ -------------- (1)
Magnitude of √ -------------- (2)
From (1) and (2), it is clear that the sum and the difference of two perpendicular
vectors of equal magnitude have the same lengths. Now taking dot product of
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Chapter 2 (1st Year Physics) Vector and Equilibrium
and , we get:
̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ | | | |
As , therefore, the sum and the difference of two perpendicular vectors of equal magnitude
are perpendicular to each other.
Q # 13. How would the two vector same magnitude have to be oriented, if they were to be
combined to give a resultant equal to a vector of same magnitude?
Ans. The two vectors of equal magnitudes are combined to give a resultant vector of same
magnitude when they act at an angle of with each other.
Consider two vectors and of equal magnitude which makes an angle of with each
other. Both vectors are added by head to tail rule to give resultant as
shown in the figure below:
From figure it is clear that
and
| | | | | |
Q # 14. The two vectors to be combined have magnitude 60 N and 35 N. Pick the correct
answer from those given below and tell why is it the only one of the three that is correct.
(i) 100 N (ii) 70 N (iii) 20 N
Ans. The correct answer is 70 N.
1. The resultant of two vectors has maximum magnitude when they act in same direction. Thus if
both vectors are parallel, then the magnitude of resultant will be: .
2. The resultant of two vectors has minimum magnitude when they act in opposite direction. Thus
if both vectors are anti-parallel, then the magnitude of resultant is .
Hence the sum can’t be less than and more than . Therefore, the only possible
value for correct answer is .
Q # 15. Suppose the sides of a closed polygon represent vector arranged head to tail. What is
the sum of these vectors?
Ans. If there are five vectors A, B, C, D and E which are acting along
the sides of close polygon as shown in the figure:
As the tail of the first vector meets with the head of last vector,
so by head to tail rule:
Hence the sum of vectors arranged along the sides of polygon will be zero.
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Chapter 2 (1st Year Physics) Vector and Equilibrium
Q # 16. Identify the correct answer.
(i) Two ships X and Y are travelling in different direction at equal speeds. The actual
direction of X is due to north but to an observer on Y, the apparent direction of motion X
is north-east. The actual direction of motion of Y as observed from the shore will be
(A) East (B) West (C) South-east (D) South-West
Ans. The correct answer is (B) West
(ii) The horizontal force F is applied to a small object P of mass m at rest on a smooth plane
inclined at an angle to the horizontal as shown in
the figure below. The magnitude of the resultant
force acting up and along the surface of the plane, on
the object is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Ans. The forces acting up and along the surface of plane is , therefore the
correct option is (a)
Q # 17. If all the components of the vectors, and were reversed, how would this alter
.
Ans. If all the components of the vectors and are reversed, then both vectors will be
represented as and , respectively. Therefore,
Hence the vector product of two vectors will remain unchanged even when the components of the
vectors are reversed.
Q # 18. Name the three different conditions that could makes
Ans. The conditions that could make the are as follows:
If is the null vector
If is the null vector
If the vectors and are parallel or anti-parallel with each other.
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Chapter 2 (1st Year Physics) Vector and Equilibrium
Q # 19. Identify true or false statements and explain the reason.
(a) A body in equilibrium implies that it is neither moving nor rotating.
(b) If the coplanar forces acting on a body form a close polygon, then the body is said to be
in equilibrium.
Ans. i) Statement (a) is false. Because a body may be in equilibrium if it is moving or rotating with
uniform velocity.
ii) Statement (b) is correct. Since the vector sum of all the forces acting on the body along close
polygon is zero, then the first condition of equilibrium will be satisfied and the body will be in
state of equilibrium.
Q # 20. A picture is suspended from a wall by two strings. Show by diagram the configuration
of the strings for which the tension in the string is minimum.
Ans. Consider a picture of weight w is suspended by two strings as shown in the figure.
From figure,
Case 1: For
Case 2: For
Case 3: For
Hence it is clear that the tension will be minimum for
Q # 21. Can a body rotate about its center of gravity under the action of its weight?
Ans. No a body can’t rotate about the center of gravity under the action of its weight. The whole
weight of the body acts on the center of gravity. The torque due to weight will be zero because the
moment arm is zero in this case. Hence, a body cannot rotate about center of gravity under the action
of its weight.
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