relevant cases to find those that will favour their client’s motion.
Lawyers are even required to
thoroughly know the opposing stand and supporting legal arguments they can expect to
prepare a watertight defence strategy. AI, software that operates on natural language enables
electronic discovery of information relevant to a case, contract reviews, and automation
generation of legal documents.
AI utilizes big-data analytics which enables visualization of case data. It also allows for creation
of a map of the cases which were cited in previous cases and their resulting verdicts, as per the
website Towards Data Science. The probability of a positive outcome of a case can be predicted
by leveraging predictive analytics with machine learning. This is advantageous to firms as they
can determine the return on investment in litigation and whether an agreement or arbitration
should be considered.
(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using
headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary-
minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.
(5)
(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3)
Note Making Example 2: Read the passage given below: (Sample Question Paper CBSE, 2017-18)
1. Colour Therapy is a complementary therapy for which there is evidence dating back
thousands of years to the ancient cultures of Egypt, China and India. If we define it in simple
terms, Colour is a light of varying wavelengths, thus each colour has its own particular
wavelength and energy.
2. Colours contribute to energy. This energy may be motivational and encouraging. Each of the
seven colours of the spectrum are associated with energy. The energy relating to each of the
seven spectrum colours of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet, resonates with the
energy of each of the seven main chakras/energy centres of the body. Colour therapy can help
to re-balance and/or stimulate these energies by applying the appropriate colour to the body.
3. Red relates to the base chakra, orange the sacral chakra, yellow the solar plexus chakra,
green the heart chakra, blue the throat chakra, indigo the brow chakra (sometimes referred to
as the third eye) and violet relates to the crown chakra.
4. Colour is absorbed by the eyes, skin, skull, our ‘magnetic energy field’ or aura and the energy
of colour affects us on all levels, that is to say, physical, spiritual and emotional. Every cell in the
body needs light energy – thus colour energy has widespread effects on the whole body. There
are many different ways of giving colour, including; Solarised Water, Light boxes/lamps with
colour filters, colour silks and hands on healing using colour.
5. Colour therapy can be shown to help on a physical level, which is perhaps easier to quantify,
however there are deeper issues around the colours on the psychological and spiritual levels.
Our wellbeing is not, of course, purely a physical issue. Fortunately, many more practitioners,
both orthodox and complementary, are now treating
6. Colour Therapy is a totally holistic and non-invasive therapy and, really, colour should be a
part of our everyday life, not just something we experience for an hour or two with a therapist.
Colour is all around us everywhere. This wonderful planet does not contain all the beautiful
colours of the rainbow for no reason. Nothing on this earth is here just by chance; everything in
nature is here for a purpose. Colour is no exception. All we need to do is to heighten our
awareness of the energy of colour, absorb it and see how it can transform our lives.
(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using
headings and sub- headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary-
minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate
title to it. (5)
(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3)
Note Making Example 3: . Read the passage and answer the questions given below: (Sample
Question Paper CBSE, 2018-19)
1. There is a clear dichotomy between Jayashankar Prasad’s daily life and the one that found
expression in his literature. In his literary formulations, Prasad advocated an escape- from
personality ideals and categorically stated: “An artist‟s art, and not his person, is the touchstone
to assess his work . . . it is only after losing his personality that he emerges in his art as an
artist”.
2. In Prasad‟s works – his poems, short stories, novels, dramas etc. – what emerges is life as
shaped in the writer’s inner self by his emotions, fancies, dreams, reveries . . . His writings are a
record not of outer reality, but of the artist’s inner world. As such, of a proper appreciation and
understanding of his works more emphasis needs to be placed on the working of his mind,
than the events of his dayto-day life.
3. Prasad was born in a renowned family of Varanasi. His grand-father Shiv RatanSahu, a dealer
in high quality perfumed tobacco (snuff). Besides being an astute businessman, he was
endowed with a marked cultural taste. His home was the meeting place of the local poets,
singers, artists, scholars and men of religion. Prasad‟s father Devi Prasad Sahu carried forward
this high tradition of family. Prasad, therefore, had a chance to study the various phases of
human nature in the light of the business traditions, artistic taste and religious background of
his family.
4. When the business had somewhat recovered, Prasad planned the publication of a literary
journal. Prasad started the “Indu”. The inaugural number appeared in July 1909. By this time
Prasad’s notions of literature had crystallized into a credo. In the first issue of Indu, he
proclaimed, “Literature has no fixed aim; it is not a slave to rules; it is a free and all-embracing
genius, gives birth to genuine literature which is subservient to none. Whatever in the world is
true and beautiful is its subject matter. By dealing with the True and Beautiful it establishes the
one and affects the full flowering of the others. Its force can be measured by the degree of
pleasure it gives to the reader‟s mind as also by the criticism which is free of all prejudice”. The
words sound like the manifesto of romanticism in literature.
5. Even while recognizing the social relevance of literature, Prasad insisted, “The poet is a
creator . . . he is not conditioned by his milieu; rather it is he who moulds it and gives it a new
shape; he conjures up a new world of beauty where the reader for the time being, becomes
oblivious of the outer world and passes his time in an eternal spring garden where golden
lotuses blossom and the air is thick and pollen”. Thus, the chief aim of literature according to
Prasad is to give joy to the reader and to create a state of bliss in him. Later under the impact of
Shiv Advaitism, this faith of Prasad got further strengthened.
(Extract from ‘Jayashankar Prasad- His mind and Art’ by Dr. Nagendra)
(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using headings and
subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary-minimum four) and a format you
consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5)
(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3)