GLOBAL DIVIDES Global North & Global South

LATIN AMERICA The Third World was defined as the

This refers to countries that were colonized by non-aligned world and as the global realm of
the Spaniards in the American continent. poverty and under-developed.

WEST AND EAST IN 1494 NORTH AND SOUTH DIVIDE

This is when the newly discovered After the cold war, many see primary global
lands outside Europe were divided into two - division as being between North and South.
the West belonging to the Crown of Castile
(now part of Spain) and the east belonging to FIRST WORLD AND SECOND WORLD
the Portuguese Empire. -​ The Global North
refers to developed societies of Europe and
WORLD DIVISION DURING THE COLD North America, which are characterized by
WAR established wealth, technological
The Cold War between US and USSR advancement, political stability, zero
created the division between the population growth and dominance of world
Capitalist/Democratic states and the trade and politics.
Communist states.
-​ The Global South
FIRST WORLD AND SECOND WORLD refers to the developing countries which
The capitalist economists were considered represents mainly agrarian economies in
First World and communist economists were Africa, India, Latin America and others that
referred to as Second World. are not as economically sound and politically
stable
Global North & Global South
tend to be characterized by war, conflict,
The First World encompassed all poverty and tyranny
industrialized, democratic countries, which
were assumed to be allied with the United
States in its struggle against the Soviet Union.
Finland and Switzerland maintained strict
neutrality.

The Second World was anchored on the

industrialized, communist realm of the Soviet
Union and its eastern European satellites, yet
it often included poor communist states
located elsewhere.

Third World
This refers to countries that did not belong to
either types of formal econimies.
Global North VS. Global South HOW THE "THIRD WORLD" BECAME THE
GLOBAL SOUTH: THE ORIGINS OF THE
NORTH SOUTH
THIRD WORLD
Global North are Global South are countries -​ The world was largely divided into
considered as the that are less developed several empires in the 19th century.
high income and characterized by low Each empire possessed a "civilized"
countries such as central that were more or less primitive
level of economic
Norway, Australia,
development, large or even "barbaric".
New Zealand, Canada,
US, Belgium, Iceland, inequalities in living -​ Third World was coined in 1952 by Alfred
Japan, Sweden, standards and low life Sauvy, a French demographer,
Netherlands and most expectancy such as anthropologist, and economic historian
of Western Europe Africa, Latin America and who compared it with the Third Estate, a
developing Asia including concept that emerged in the context of the
the Middle Fast French Revolution
✓First Estate refers to the clergy and the
-First World and -Third World monarch
Second World -Poor and less developed ✓Second Estate refers to the nobility
-Home to all the region
✓Third Estate refers to the balance of
members of the G8 -5% has enough food and
and P5 Members of shelter French population as contrasted the poor
the United Nations -Source of raw materials of countries to the First World and the Second
Security Council the north World
-Richer and developed -​ Most people in the Third World lived far
region from global sources of economic, political,
-95% has enough food and military power. Most were subjugated,
and shelter
most illiterate, even then, they formed a
-Economy: Industries
and major businesses, majority of the world population. But such
commerce and finance awareness was growing among leaders
within these poor countries, many of
-controls 4/5 of the -has access to 1/5 of the whom had been educated. This
income earned world's income awareness and exposure to Western
anywhere in the world -as nations become
culture raised hopes and inspired many
-90% of the economically developed,
manufacturing they may become part of Third World leaders to try to improve
industries are owned the "North", regardless of colonial living conditions and win political
by and located in the geographical location independence.
North -any nations that do not -​ Opposition to domination by the First
qualify for "developed" World (colonization) also grew through
status are in effect deemed
increasing migration and travel,
to be part of the "South"
including that stimulated by the two
World Wars. Many troops who had
Global divides are not purely of a geographical
participated in these wars were from
division but rather focused on socio- economic
what soon to be called the Third
and political affiliations and status.
World.
NORTH SOUTH

1.​ Low Poverty 1.​ High Poverty

2.​ Low Child 2.​ High Child
Mortality Mortality
3.​ High Economic 3.​ Low Economic
and Educational and Educational
Development Development
4.​ Advance 4.​ Low self
Technological consumption of
Advancement natural
5.​ Stable resources
Governments 5.​ Vulnerable to
6.​ Low Fertility exploitation by
Rates large
7.​ Low Gender corporations and
Related Illiteracy industrial nations
6.​ Less
technological
advancement
7.​ Economy are
dependent on
developed
countries
8.​ Unstable
Governments
9.​ High Fertility
Rates
10.​High Gender
Related Illiteracy

Global Media Cultures and Globalization of

Religion
 behaviour of users and reorient family
Media and Culture? behavior.
●​ Smartphone allows users to keep in
Media touch instantly with multiple people at
refers to the communication channels through the same time
which we disseminate news, music, movies
education, promotional messages and other Marshall Mcluhan added that different media
data. simultaneously extend and amputate human
senses. New media may expand the reach of
Global Media Cultures and Globalization of communication, but they also dull the user's
Religion communicative capacities.

Culture The media have a very important impact on

can be defined as all the ways of life including cultural globalization in two mutually
arts, beliefs and institutions of a population independent ways:
that are passed down from generation to 1.​ The media provide an extensive
generation transnational of culture products and
2.​ It contributes to the formation of
GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES communicative networks and social
●​ Globalization entails the spread of structures.
various cultures.
●​ Globalization also involves the spread Global media cultures create a continuous
of ideas. cultural exchange, in which crucial aspects
●​ Globalization relies on media as its such as identity, nationality, religion,
main conduit for the spread of global behavioral norms and way of life are
culture and ideas continually questioned and challenged.
●​ global media promotes a restructuring
MEDIA & ITS FUNCTION of cultural and social communities.
Lule describes media as “a means of ●​ global media supports the creation of
conveying something such as channel of new communities
communication” ●​ the common point of departure is the
●​ Print media assumption that a series of
●​ Broadcast Media international media constitutes a
●​ Digital Media global cultural supply in itself and
serves as an independent agency for
What media do and how do they affect cultural and social globalization, in
societies? which cultural communities are
continuously restructured and
MEDIA & ITS FUNCTION redefined.
Marshall Mcluhan once declared that "the
medium is the message."
●​ Television is not a simple bearer of VARIOUS FORMS OF GLOBAL
messages; it also shapes the social INTEGRATION
3 FACTORS THAT HAVE AFFECTED THE ●​ THERE IS THE WAY IN WHICH
PROCESS OF THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION FLATTENS OUT
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION CULTURAL DIFFERENCES,
1.​ Improvements in transportation and ERODES LOCAL CUSTOMS AND
communication technology have the BELIEFS, AND SPREAD A
reduced the cost of transporting SECULAR, CAPITALIST WAY OF
goods, services and factors of LIFE THAT US AT ODDS WITH
production and communicating RELIGIONS OF ALL SORTS.
economically useful knowledge and
technology ●​ AT THE SAME TIME, THERE IS THE
2.​ Tastes of individuals and societies WAY IN WHICH RELIGION SERVES
have generally favored taking AS THE WAY IN WHICH RELIGION
advantage of the opportunities SERVES AS THE SOURCE OF
provided by declining costs of GLOBALIZATION'S GREATEST
transportation and communication RESISTANCE AND AS A HAVEN
through increasing economic FOR THOSE STANDING IN
integration. OPPOSITION TO ITS UBIQUITOUS
3.​ The character and pace of economic YET OFTEN SUBTLE POWER. IN
integration have been significantly BOTH OF THESE VIEWS, THE
influenced by public policies, although RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
it is not always in the direction of RELIGION AND GLOBALIZATION IS
increasing economic integration ANTAGONISTIC ONE OF
STRUGGLE AND CONFLICT
GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION
WHEN DID GLOBALIZATION STARTED TO
●​ RELIGION HAS THE MOST INFLUENCE RELIGION?
DIFFICULT RELATIONSHIP WITH Evolving trade routes led to the
GLOBALISM colonization of Asia, Africa, Central and South
●​ RELIGIOUS PEOPLE ARE LESS America. Religion became an integral part of
CONCERNED WITH WEALTH AND colonization and later on globalization.
ALL THAT COMES ALONG WITH IT.
●​ GLOBALIST ARE LESS WORRIED The Impact of Globalization
ABOUT WHETHER THEY WILL END ●​ Flattens cultural differences.
UP IN HEAVEN OR HELL. ●​ Erodes local customs and beliefs
●​ Spreads secular, capitalist way of life

WHAT IS THE RELATION OF RELIGION TO

GLOBALIZATION?
What is Religion Nowadays?
 ●​ it's no longer a set of beliefs that
people arrive by reflection
●​ it's a symbolic systems which carries
our identity and marks out social/ethic
and other boundaries
●​ it marks crucial moments in the life
cycle with rituals
●​ it provides powerful mechanism for
psychological and social tension

Role of Religion in Promoting World Peace

The moral principles and values
contained in the teachings of great religious
teachers are essential factors for the
reduction of and ultimate eradication of greed,
hatred, and delusion-which form the root
cause of various conflicts and war

The preamble to UNESCO's

constitution says: "Since wars begin in the
minds of men, it is in the minds of men that
the defenses of peace must be constructed."
The world cannot have peace until
nations and people begin to reduce their
selfish desires for more and more material .
possessions, give up their racial arrogance,
and eliminate- their madness for worldly
power
"Religion not only inspires and guides
people but also provides them with the
practice of charity; to overcome hate and
aversion with loving-kindness; and to remove
ignorance with the development of wisdom
and insights in order to understand the true
nature of beings and "see things as they
really are."

Differences in religious beliefs and

practices should not hinder the progress of
various religionists working for a common
cause, for world peace

THE GLOBAL CITY

THE GLOBAL CITY ●​ The cities that house major
●​ Sociologists Saskia Sassen international organizations may also
popularized the term "global city" in be considered centers of political
the 1990's influence.
●​ She initially identified three global *United Nations headquarters - New
cities: New York, London and Tokyo York
*European Union headquarters -
●​ New York has the New York Stock Brussels
Exchange (NYSE), *ASEAN headquarters - Jakarta
●​ London has the Financial Times Stock *European Central Bank - Frankfurt
Exchange (FTSE), and ●​ Global cities are centers of higher
●​ Tokyo has the Nikkel learning and culture. A city's
intellectual influence is seen through
INDICATORS OF A GLOBALITY the influence of it's publishing industry
●​ The foremost characteristics of a ●​ Los Angeles - the center of the
global city is economic power American film industry
Economic power largely determines ●​ Copenhagen, Denmark - is now
which cities are global considered as one of the culinary
●​ Economic opportunities in a global city capitals of the world, with its top
make it attractive to talents from restaurants incommensurate with its
across the world Once each goal is price
completed, place this tick on it or use ●​ Manchester, England - many
a pencil to mark it off prominent post-punk and new wave
●​ To measure the economic bands - Joy Division, the Smiths and
competitiveness of a city, the the Happy Mondays - hailed from this
Economist Intelligence Unit has added city.
other criteria like market size, ●​ Singapore houses some of the
purchasing power of citizens, size of region's top television stations and
the middle class, and potential for news organizations (MTV Southeast
growth Asia and Channel News Asia) It's
●​ The "tiny" Singapore is considered as various art galleries and cinemas also
Asia's most competitive city because show paintings from artist and
of its strong market, efficient and filmmakers from Philippines and
incorruptible government, and livability Thailand
●​ Global cities are also centers of ●​ Today, global cities become culturally
authority. Washington D.C may not be diverse
as wealthy as New York, but it is the ●​ Manila is not very global because of
seat of American state power. the dearth of foreign residents but
Compared with Sydney and Singapore is, because it has a foreign
Melbourne, Canberra is a sleepy town population of 38%
and not attractive to tourists. But as
Australia's political capital, it is home
to the country's top politicians, Why study Global Cities?
bureaucrats and policy advisors Globalization is spatial which means
1. Globalization is spatial because it occurs in *November 2015 attacks in Paris by
physical spaces. More people are driven out Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
of city centers to make way for the new (ISIL)
developments
2. Globalization is spatial because what The Global City and the Poor
makes is the fact that it is based in places ●​ Massive inequality was very
pronounced in cities. Some large
The Challenges of Global Cities cities, particularly those in
●​ Global Cities also have their Scandinavia, have found ways to
undersides. They can be sites of great mitigate inequality through state-led
inequality and poverty as well as social redistribution programs. Yet,
tremendous violence many cities, particularly those one that
●​ Global Cities create winners and developing countries, are sites of
losers contradiction
●​ Denser settlement patterns yield ●​ In places like Mumbai, Jakarta, and
energy savings apartment building for Manila, it is common to find gleaming
example, are more efficient to heat buildings alongside massive
and cool than detached suburban shantytowns
house ●​ In the outskirts of New York and San
●​ In cities with extensive public Francisco are poor urban enclaves
transportation systems people tend to occupied by African-Americans and
drive less and thereby cut carbon immigrant families who are often
emissions denied opportunities at a better life
●​ Not all cities are as dense as New ●​ Gentrification - a phenomenon of
York or Tokyo. Some cities like Los driving out the poor in favor of newer,
Angeles are urban sprawls, with wealthier residents
massive freeways that force residents ●​ In Australian cities, poor aboriginal
to spend money on cars and gas Australians have been most acutely
●​ Urban areas consume most of the affected by gentrification
world's energy. Cities only cover 2% of ●​ In France, poor Muslim migrants are
the world's landmass, but they forced out of Paris and have clustered
consume 78% of global energy. around ethnic enclaves knows as
Therefore, if carbon emissions must banlieue
be cut to prevent global warming, this ●​ In most of the world's global cities, the
massive energy consumption in cities middle class is also thinning out.
must be curbed Globalization creates high - income
●​ The major terror attacks of recent jobs that are concentrated in global
years have also targeted cities. Cities, cities
especially those with global influence ●​ In places like New York, there are
are obvious targets for terrorist. high-rolling American Investment
*9/11 attack - World Trade Center, bankers whose children are raised by
New York Filipina
Conclusion
Global cities are sites and mediums of
globalization. They are material
representatives of the phenomenon. Through
them, we see the best of globalization; they
are places that create exciting fusions of
culture and ideas. They are also places that
generate tremendous wealth. However, they
remain sites of great inequality, where global
entrepreneurs serve global entrepreneurs.