1.

The first inhabitants of Australia E) might have estimated / had

---- the ancestors of modern ranged
Indigenous Australians who ----
hunter-gatherers with a complex
oral culture and spiritual values
at the time of European
settlement in the eighteenth
century.
A) were / would have been
B) could be / will be
C) should be / must be
D) may have been / were
5. As a solution to the problem of
E) were supposed to be / were to increasing population, countries
be who are rich in iron or wood but
have a food shortage ---- at least
2. According to the Guardian, a percentage of the food they ----
patients ---- whether they ---- to from other countries.
take statins or make lifestyle A) will import / had required
changes such as adopting a
B) could import / require
Mediterranean diet, which
includes plenty of tomatoes. C) were able to import /
should require
A) might decide / preferred
D) might have imported /
B) could be deciding / would
should be requiring
have preferred
E) were supposed to import /
C) are likely to decide / would
must require
rather
D) should be able to decide /
6. The 937 Men’s Sheds across
would prefer
Australia ---- a $4.5m Father’s
E) will decide / have preferred Day gift next year from the
federal government buying tools,
3. A diagnostic test is only used for improving facilities and
people who ---- signs, symptoms, developing health programs that
or some other reason to suspect ---- lives.
that they ---- a particular disease A) will spend / can save
like cancer.
B) has spent / will save
A) will have / must have
C) should have spent / would
B) have / might have save
C) have had / should have D) could spend / will have
D) could have / would have had saved
E) are having / used to have E) spends / must have saved

4. For this year’s World Cup in 7. Australia has been virtually

Brazil, various forecasters ---- free of local outbreaks of life
that the positive economic threatening tropical diseases in
impact ---- from US$3 billion to recent decades; therefore,
US$14 billion. travelers to this continent ----
A) are estimating / would have that in general, Australia is a
ranged relatively safe country in which
B) have estimated / could range to travel.
C) should have been estimating / A) should have been advised
will range B) should be advised
D) had been estimating / has C) could have been advised
ranged D) would be advised
 E) will be advising

8. In many countries with

seasonally snow-covered
mountains, avalanche-
forecasting services usually warn
the public by releasing
occurrence possibilities for a
certain region; however,
currently, a single avalanche
event ---- in time and space.
A) cannot be predicted
B) was not predicted
C) should not have been
predicted
D) was not supposed to be
predicted
E) will not be predicted
9. Damage to the front of the B) used to release / had better
brain on the left side ---- cause
problems in speech production; C) can release / can cause
maybe that’s why, deaf people D) could release / should have
who have suffered from caused
impairment to the same part of E) might release / was going to
the brain reveal similar cause
language difficulties.
13. After the greatest tsunami,
A) should have been causing in some Asian countries,
B) had better cause people ---- their homes and
C) can cause restore their livelihoods by
D) would rather cause moving in their relatives’
E) were able to cause houses.
A) had abandoned
10. Through genetic modification, B) ought to have abandoned
foods ---- in larger quantities by C) had to abandon
increasing their resistance to D) used to abandon
pests and adverse weather E) should abandon
conditions.
14. A lack of competition in
A) would sooner be produced media sector increases the
B) were produced cost of communications
C) need to produce services, and ---- to unfair
D) had been produced applications.
E) can be produced A) might have led
11. To create a successful video B) would have led
game, you ---- with a solid C) can lead
game design because a well- D) is to lead
designed game is much easier E) should have led
to construct, it is more
15. Being unconscious during
entertaining, and has a better
sleep doesn’t mean that you
chance of succeeding on the
---- your memories; on the
market.
contrary, you ---- previously
A) will be starting acquired memories while
B) must start sleeping.
C) ought to have been starting A) needn’t have
D) have started remembered / had to
E) used to start strengthen
12. Forest fires and enormous B) didn’t use to remember /
volcanic eruptions ---- too would have been
much dust and smoke into the strengthening
atmosphere; as a result, this C) can’t remember / can
emission of dirty air prevents strengthen
sunlight and ---- the whole D) don’t have to remember /
planet to cool down for at least must have strengthened
a year. E) couldn’t remember / will
A) had released / causes have strengthened
 16. As the social learning and
modelling are today’s most
important learning theories
regarding the young children’s
cognitive development, it ----
that the children learn through
copying and imitating.
A) was said
B) had been said
C) can be said
D) will be said
E) had to be said