Matrices
1 2 5 6 −1 2 1 0
6= , 8= , 9= , :=
3 4 7 8 −3 4 0 1
!+#
1 2 5 6 1+5 2+6 6 8
+ = =
3 4 7 8 3+7 4+8 10 12
#−/ Addition and subtraction
5 6 −1 2 5 − (−1) 6−2 6 4 And Multiplication
− = = By a scalar.
7 8 −3 4 7 − (−3) 8−4 10 4
2! − #
1×2 2×2 5 6
−
3×2 4×2 7 8
2 4 5 6 2−4 4−6 −2 −2
− = =
6 8 7 8 6−7 8−8 −1 0
45 − 2#
1×3 0×3 5×2 6×2
−
0×3 1×3 7×2 8×2
3 0 10 12 3 − 10 0 − 12 −7 −12
− = =
0 3 14 16 0 − 14 3 − 16 −14 −13
1 2 5 6 −1 2 1 0
H=
3 4
, K=
7 8
, e=
−3 4
, ;=
0 1 Multiplication
H×K "#$% × '#()*+%
1 2 5 6 "#$% − -./0 01 234ℎ0
×
3 4 7 8 '#()*+% − 67 89: ;1<9
H = 1, 2 , 3, 4 =>? @AB%= (?==?B $A(( C? =>? B#$
K = 5, 7 , 6, 8 %?D#+E (?==?B A% D#()*+
Example
Columns F×G
H = 21<J
(5, 7) (6, 8)
K = L1-MN9J
Type equation here.
(1x6)+ (2x8) Type equation here
(1, 2) (1x5)+(2x7)
6 + 16
5 + 14
Rows = 22 . to the left then above
=19 Taking red
Then take black to the left then above.
(3 x 5) + (4x 7) (3 x6) + (4 x8)
(3, 4 )
15 + 28 18 + 32
= 43 = 50
19 22
HK =
43 50
1 2 5 6 −1 2 1 0
@= , 1= , 8= , A=
3 4 7 8 −3 4 0 1
Columns
−1, −3 (2 , 4)
/0
(5, 6 ) 1 = 5,6 , 7, 8
(5 x -1) + (6 x -3)
(5 x 2) + (6 x 4) 8 = −1, −3 , (2, 4)
(-5 )+ (-18)
10 + 24
= −23
= 34
Rows
(7 x -1 ) + (8 x -3) (7x 2) + (8 x 4) Type equation here.
−7 + −24 14 + 32
= −31 Type equation here.
(7, 8 ) = 46
Type equation here.
Type equation here.
Type equation here.
Type equation here.
Type equation here.
−23 34 Type equation here.
18 =
−31 46 Type equation here
1 2 5 6 −1 2 1 0
*= , #= , /= , 1=
3 4 7 8 −3 4 0 1
Using "! Show that Matrix Multiplication is NOT commutative. !"
# = 5,6 7, 8
Columns * = 1, 3 2, 4
1, 3 2, 4
(5 x1 ) + (6 x 3) (5 x2 ) + (6 x 4)
5,6 5 + 18 10 + 24
= 23 = 34
Rows
7, 8 (7x 1) + (8 x 3) (7 x2 ) + (8 x 4)
7 + 24 14 + 32
= 31 = 46
23 34
#* =
31 46
1 2 5 6 −1 2 1 0
H=
3 4
, K=
7 8
, e=
−3 4
, ;=
0 1 Multiplication
H×K "#$% × '#()*+%
1 2 5 6 "#$% − -./0 01 234ℎ0
×
3 4 7 8 '#()*+% − 67 89: ;1<9
H = 1, 2 , 3, 4 =>? @AB%= (?==?B $A(( C? =>? B#$
K = 5, 7 , 6, 8 %?D#+E (?==?B A% D#()*+
Example
Columns F×G
H = 21<J
(5, 7) (6, 8)
K = L1-MN9J
Type equation here.
(1x6)+ (2x8) Type equation here
(1, 2) (1x5)+(2x7)
6 + 16
5 + 14
Rows = 22 . to the left then above
=19 Taking red
Then take black to the left then above.
(3 x 5) + (4x 7) (3 x6) + (4 x8)
(3, 4 )
15 + 28 18 + 32
= 43 = 50
19 22
HK =
43 50
') $$ $% %&
"! = !" =
&% *+ %' &(
,-./0 "! ≠ !", 34-5 54675
3483 9":;<= 9>?:<@?<A":<BC
-5 CB: /6DDE383-F0.
1 2 5 6 −1 2 1 0
!= , H= , L= , '=
3 4 7 8 −3 4 0 1
/01 20 3456 78289:45;52.
=. >90?? @AB24CBD ;56 ?AE29;F2
Determinant
1 2
!= −1 2 Leading diagonal – Non leading diagonal.
3 4 L=
'() ! = 1×4 − (2×3) −3 4
'() ! = 4 − 6 '() L = −1×4 − (2×(−3)
'() ! = −2 = −4 − (−6)
= −4 + 6
=2
5 6 1 0
H= '=
7 8 0 1
'() H = 5×8 − (6×7) '() ' = 1×1 − (0×0)
= 40 − 42 =1−0
= −2 =1
+ = =
1 2 5 6 −1 2 1 0
D= , X= , U= , 6=
3 4 7 8 −3 4 0 1
!"#"$%&'" #(" )'*"$+" ,- . (.01 ) Determine the Inverse.
1 2 Steps.
3 5 1. 67879:;<7 8ℎ7 E7879:;<=<8
4 2 1
67879:;<=<8 − 2. E7879:;<7 8ℎ7 =EFO;<8 =
D0G = 2 2 E78
1×4 − (2 ×3) 3 1 3. PQ;8Rℎ 8ℎ7 S7=E;<T E;=TO<=SP
4−6 − 4. Uℎ=<T7 8ℎ7 P;T<P OV 8ℎ7 <O< S7=E;<T.
2 2
= −2 5
1 5 −2
DEF = ×
−2 −3 1
1 1
4× −2 ×
D0G = −2 −2
1 1
−3 × 1×
−2 −2
4 −2
D0G = −2 −2 + = =
−3 1
−2 −2
1 2 5 6 −1 2 1 0
9= , M= , -= , !=
3 4 7 8 −3 4 0 1
!"#"$%&'" #ℎ" &')"$*" +, - Determine the Inverse.
!"# = (−1×4) − (2×(−3) Steps.
= −4 − (−6) 1. !"#"$%&'" #ℎ" :"#"$%&'T'#
= −4 + 6 1
=2 2. :"#"$%&'" #ℎ" T:;+&'# =
−1 2 :"#
-= 3. *U&#Vℎ #ℎ" W"T:&'X :&TX+'TW*
−3 4 9:;+&'# 4. -ℎT'X" #ℎ" *&X'* +, #ℎ" '+' W"T:&'X.
1 4 −2 5
× Type equation here.
2 3 −1 Type equation here.
1 1 Type equation here.
4× −2 × Type equation here.
= 2 2
1 1 Type equation here.
3× −1 × Type equation here.
2 2 Type equation here.
4 2 Type equation here.
− Type equation here.
9<= = 2 2
3 1 Type equation here
−
2 2