CHAPTER 5
HUMAN BODY
Compendium
A. Introduction
B. What Makes Our Body
C. Cells
D. Tissues
E. Organs
F. Organ Systems
G. Different Systems In Humans
H. Bird’s Eye View
I. Solved Examples
J. Practice Yourself
K. Solutions
A. Introduction
Human body is the entire structure of a human
organism, composed of living cells and extracellular
matter and organized into tissues, organs and organ
systems. If the human body is broken apart into
microscopic levels then the most basic unit of life is
constituted by cells.
Normally an average elderly person has around 30 to
40 trillion cells and everyday around 242 billion cells
will be produced. If some group of cells with the same
function comes together then it will form tissue.
[Link] makes our body
The human body is a single structure but it is made up
of billions of smaller structures:
1. Cells
2. Tissues
3. Organs
4. Organ systems
C. Cells
A cell is the structural unit of life.
A cell has the ability to reproduce
itself. Cells provide structure for the
body, take in nutrients from food and
convert them into energy to carry out
specialized functions. Cells are in turn
made of smaller parts namely
organelles. Some of the organelles in the cell include
the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum etc.
2
Cell nucleus is an important organelle which contains
chromosomes, which are responsible for cell division.
[Link]
A tissue is a group of similar cells and extracellular
matrix from the same origin that carry out a specific
function.
Tissues can be classified into:
i. Connective tissues
ii. Muscular tissues
iii. Nervous tissues
iv. Epithelial tissues
Connective tissue supports other tissues and binds
them together. Ex: Bone, blood, lymph tissues.
Epithelial tissue provide covering
Ex: Skin
Muscular tissues include
voluntary,
involuntary and cardiac muscles.
Nerve tissue is made up of nerve
cells (neurons) and is used to carry
messages to and from various parts
of the body.
E. Organs
An organ is a group of tissues with similar functions,
human life series on many organs that co-exist as
organ systems.
Important organs in the body include –
1. Brain
2. Lungs
3. Heart
4. Stomach
5. Liver
6. Small intestine
7. Large intestine
F. Organ Systems
An organ system is a group of organs that work
together to perform one or more functions.
Ten major system of human body are
1. Skeletal system
2. Muscular system
3. Nervous system
4. Endocrine system
5. Cardiovascular system
6. Lymphatic system
7. Respiratory system
8. Digestive system
9. Urinary system
10. Reproductive system
G. Different Systems In Humans
1. Skeletal system -
Composed of bones, which helps in maintaining the
structure of the body and its organs.
H. Bird’s-eye
viw
• The human body is a complex structure formed by the organization
of various organ systems working together in harmony.
• The human body is made up of cells, tissues, organs and organ
systems.
• Cells are the smallest components of the human body which are the
structural and functional units of life.
• Tissues are a group of similar cells that carry out specialized
functions. The 4 types of tissues are connective, epithelial, nervous
and muscular.
• Organs are a group of tissues with similar function. Some important
organs include the brain, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, small
intestine and large intestine.
• Organ systems are a group of organs that perform specific
functions. There are 10 major organ systems– skeletal, muscular,
nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory,
digestive, urinary and reproductive systems.
Solved
eamples