School DMMMSU-MLUC Grade 9-Austen
CE- (BSEd)
Student Marilou Joy A. Subject Mathematics
Teacher Costales
Date & November School
Time 14 ,2024 Year 2024-2025
10:00AM –
11:00PM
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;
a. define direct variations;
b. translate direct variation statements into equations;
c. write direct variations equations; and
d. solve problems involving direct variations.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
Topic: Direct Variations
Instructional Materials: PowerPoint Presentation, Laptop, Television,
Marker
Reference: Oronce,O (2023).E-MATH Worktext in Mathematics 9
(New ed.) REX Book Store, Inc. (RBSI)
PSY-seul Kang. (2016, October 3). Direct variation [Video]. YouTube.
[Link]
Admin. (2020, September 15). Direct Variation Formula, Explanation
with solved examples. BYJUS. [Link]
formula/#:~:text=Direct%20Variation%20is%20said%20to,where
%20k%20is%20a%20constant).
Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
I. Preliminaries
a. Greetings Good morning class!
Good morning, Ma’am!
b. Prayers May I request everyone to
stand for the opening prayer.
Heavenly Father, we come to You
in the spirit of learning, humility
and love. We thank you for this
opportunity to learn from each
other. We ask for your guidance
as we explore new things and
acquire new knowledge. In Jesus
name we pray, Amen.
Class secretary, are there
c. Checking of
the anyone absent today?
Attendance None, ma’am
Very good, class!
Before proceeding, I would
d. Classroom like to remind you with my
Management MATH classroom rules.
M-ake sure you are in your
M-ake sure you are in your
proper seat.
proper seat.
A-lways be respectful to your
A-lways be respectful to your
classmates and teacher. Keep
classmates and teacher. Keep
the area under and beside your
the area under and beside
chair clean and free of trash.
your chair clean and free of
trash. T-hink before you speak and
raise your hand to participate.
T-hink before you speak and
Stand up when answering or
raise your hand to participate.
asking questions.
Stand up when answering or
asking questions. H-ave fun and learn something
new every day.
H-ave fun and learn
something new every day.
Is the classroom rules clear to
you, class? Yes, Ma’am.
Great!
What did we discuss in our last
lesson? Ma’am, about the Equation of
Quadratic Functions.
Indeed!
What are the different ways in
finding the quadratic
equation? Ma’am, using the system of
linear equations given the table
of values.
Using the vertex form given the
graph and using the factored
form given the zeros and points.
Very good.
What form of quadratic
function will you use in the
system of linear equations?
Ma’am, the standard form
2
f ( x )=ax + bx+ c .
Great!
I. Lesson Before we proceed to our
Proper discussion for today, we will
be having a group activity
A. Activity entitled “TOWER OF POWER”.
Kindly read the direction of the
activity.
Directions: Directions:
The class will be The class will be divided
divided into 4 groups. into 4 groups.
Your goal is to build a Your goal is to build a
tower using the tower using the blocks
blocks given to you. given to you.
Your group are given Your group are given
only 3-10 seconds per only 5-10 seconds per
round to build a round to build a tower
tower with specific with specific number of
number of blocks. blocks.
The first group to The first group to build
build the correct the correct number of
number of tower and tower and shout
shout PROPORTIONAL PROPORTIONAL will earn
will earn one point. one point.
The group with the The group with the
highest score at the highest score at the end
end of the game will of the game will have
have the power to the power to receive a
receive a reward. reward.
Is the direction clear to you
class?
Great!
You have 30 seconds to go to Yes, Ma’am.
your group and form a circle
quietly.
Are you ready?
Yes, Ma’am.
Let’s begin.
1. 3 blocks ANSWER
Time: 3 seconds 1.
2. 5 blocks
Time: 7 seconds
2.
3. 8 blocks 3.
Time: 10 seconds
Congratulations to the winner!
Let’s give them a round of
applause.
Clap!Clap!Clap!
B. Analysis Do you have any observations
from our activity class?
What did you observe from our
activity?
Ma’am, the tower is getting
Great! higher and higher.
What is the connection in the
number of the blocks to the
height of the tower?
Ma’am, as we keep adding the
number of blocks, the height of
the tower increases.
Excellent observations, class!
And that is what we call direct
variations.
C. Abstraction To formally begin our lesson,
we have here our learning
objectives that are expected
for you to be achieved at the
end of the discussion.
Kindly read.
Objectives Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the At the end of the lesson, the
students are expected to; students are expected to;
a. define direct a. define direct
variations; variations;
b. identify situations b. identify situations that
that indicate direct indicate direct
variations; variations;
c. translate direct c. translate direct
variation variation statements
statements into into equations; and
equations; and d. solve problems
d. solve problems involving direct
involving direct variations.
variations.
Thank you.
Did you understand our
learning objectives class?
Great! Yes, Ma’am
You learned about variables
and constants and some
examples of mathematical
equations that established
relationships between
variables and constants
include mathematical formula.
The change in the value of the
variables is called variation.
If the change in the value of
the variables is called
variation.
Do you have any idea about
direct variation? Ma’am, both variables are
changing the same way.
Great!
Here is the formal definition of
direct variation.
Two quantities are directly
Two quantities are directly proportional if one amount
proportional if one amount increases as the other amount
increases as the other amount increases.
increases.
If the value of y varies directly
with the value of x, then If the value of y varies directly
y with the value of x, then
y=kx∨k = y
x y=kx∨k =
where k is called the x
constant of variation. where k is called the constant
of variation.
Consider the table of values
and graph that model the
characteristics of direct
variation. Characteristics of direct variation
m(kg 2 5 7 1 1 1 m(kg 2 5 7 1 12 15
) 0 2 5 ) 0
d(cm 1 3 4 6 7 9 d(cm 12 3 4 6 72 90
) 2 0 2 0 2 0 ) 0 2 0
y1 y2 y3 yn y 1 y 2 y3 yn
Notice that = = … ¿ = = …¿
x 1 x2 x 3 xn x 1 x2 x 3 xn
Substituting the values, we get 12 30 42 60 72 90
= = = = =
12 30 42 60 72 90 2 5 7 10 12 15
= = = = =
2 5 7 10 12 15
Further simplifying, we get 6=6=6=6=6=6
6=6=6=6=6=6
This shows that the change in
the values of the variables is
proportional.
Plotting the points from the
table, the graph is a line
passing through the origin
with a slope equal to the
constant variation k.
Since the constant variation is
equal to 6, then k=6.
Substituting the value of k to
the equation y=kx .
What is the equation given the
table of values? Ma’am, the equation given the
table of values is y=6 x .
Very good!
Any question before we None, Ma’am.
proceed to the next part?
Excellent! Translate the following direct
This time, we will translate variation into equations.
following direct variation
statements into equations. 1. The cost C of gasoline paid
1. The cost C of gasoline by a motorist is directly
paid by a motorist is proportional to the number
directly proportional to of liters L of gasoline
the number of liters L of purchased.
gasoline purchased. Solution: C=kL
Going back from the definition
of direct variation, if the value
of y varies directly with the
value of x, then
y=kx
So, the equation for this
statement is C=kL , given that
the cost C of gasoline is
directly proportional to the
number of liters L.
For number 2.
Kindly read. 2. The distance d traveled by
2. The distance d traveled a car varies directly to the
by a car varies directly speed s of the car.
to the speed s of the Solution:
car. d=ks
Translating this into an
equation, we have d=ks.
But what if the translated D=kS
equation in the statement is
like this? No, Ma’am.
D=kS
Is this correct? Yes, Ma’am.
Do you agree? Ma’am, because in the
statement, the letters are in
Why? lowercase so the equation should
be in lowercase as well.
Indeed, correct.
Additionally, the phrase “y
varies directly to x” and “y is
directly proportional to x’’
means the same thing. None, Ma’am.
Any questions so far?
Great! 3. The profit P gained is
Try this another example in directly proportional to the
your paper. number n of items sold.
3. The profit P gained is
directly proportional to Solution:
the number n of items P=kn
sold.
What is the equation? Yes, Ma’am.
On the board.
Did you get the same answer,
class?
Very good!
Proceeding to the next,
wherein we will write direct Writing Direct Variations
variations equations given the Equations
value of x and y or given the
points in a graph.
1. P varies directly to Q. P is
To further understand, let’s 24 when Q is 4. Write an
have an example. equation relating P to Q.
1. P varies directly to Q. P P=kQ
is 24 when Q is 4. Write 24=k (4)
an equation relating P to 24=4 k
Q. (24 ¿ /4¿(4 k)/ 4
Translating the first sentence k =6
into an equation, we have
P=kQ P=6Q
Then, use the given values of
P and Q to find the value of k.
24=k (4)
Simplifying to get the value of
k,
24=4 k
(24 ¿ /4¿(4 k)/ 4
k =6
Substituting the value of k to
the equation
P=kQ,
the direct variation equation is 2. Write a direct variation
equation whose graph
P=6Q passes through (-1,4).
y=kx
If given the points in a graph,
for example
2. Write a direct variation
equation whose graph 4=k (−1 )
passes through (-1,4). 4=−1k
We will use the equation k =−4
y=kx
Since we have the value of x
and y. Yes, Ma’am.
Substituting the values of x
and y to find the constant of
variation. Ma’am,
y=−4 x
On the board.
Did you get the same answer,
class?
Great!
Using -4 for k, the direct
variation equation is?
Excellent!
Using these skills such as
translating direct variation
statements into equations and STEPS IN SOLVING
writing direct variations PROBLEMS INVOLVING
equations, you can now solve DIRECT VARIATION
problems involving direct [Link] the direct variations
variations. equation.
2. Use the initial values to
In solving problems involving solve for k.
direct variation, there are 4 [Link] the equation with
steps to follow. the value of k.
Kindly read. 4. Use the remaining values
STEPS IN SOLVING to find the required answer.
PROBLEMS INVOLVING
DIRECT VARIATION
[Link] the direct variations
equation. 1. M varies directly to N.
2. Use the initial values to When N=1.5, M=12. Find M
solve for k. when N=4.25.
[Link] the equation with
the value of k.
4. Use the remaining values
to find the required answer.
M =kN
For deeper understanding,
let’s have some examples.
1. M varies directly to N.
When N=1.5, M=12.
Find M when N=4.25. Ma’am, N=1.5 and M=12.
The first step is to write the
direct variations equation.
On the board.
Very good.
Next is to use the initial values
to solve for k.
What are the initial values? Ma’am,
M =8 N
Indeed, correct.
Solving for k, we have
M =kN
12=k (1.5)
k =8
For the third step, rewrite the
equation with the value of k.
And that is? Ma’am, N=4.25.
Very good.
For the last steps, we will use M =8 N
the remaining values to find M =8 ( 4.25 )
the required answer, which is M =34
the value of M. This implies that M=34 when
N=4.25.
What is the remaining value?
Great!
Substituting it to the equation,
we get None, Ma’am.
M =8 N
M =8 ( 4.25 )
M =34
This implies that M=34 when
N=4.25.
Any questions before we’ll be
having another example?
Great!
For the 2nd example, I’ll give
you 2 minutes to solve it and
then afterwards, I will call
someone to show their
solution on the board.
[Link] profit P is directly Solution:
proportional to the number of P=kS
items sold S. The profit from 3150=k ( 175 )
175 items sold is Php 3150. k =18
What is the profit after selling P=(18)S
1000 items? P=18 ( 1000 )
P=18,000
Your 2 minutes starts now.
Kindly write your solution on Yes, Ma’am.
the board.
None, Ma’am.
Did you get the same answer,
class?
Very good!
Therefore, the profit after
selling 1000 items is Php18,000 .
Any question regarding on the
lesson?
D. Application If there’s no questions, then
that’s great!
Let’s have an activity
Given the 10 minutes, answer
the following on the paper
given to you.
Practice and Apply
I. Determine if the
following table of
values illustrate the
relationship “y varies
directly to x”. If it
illustrates a direct
variation, write the
variation equation. If
not, write X.
1.
x 3 6 12 ANSWER
y 1 24 60 1. y=kx
5
2. 2. X
x 3 6 12
y 8 11 17
II. Solve for the
unknown values.
Provide complete 3. y=kx
solution. 8=k ( 24 )
3. If y varies directly to x, k =3
and y=8 when x=24, find y y=3 x
when x=6. y=3 ( 6 )
y=18
10 minutes is over, exchange
paper with your classmate and
let’s check.
Congratulations, everyone.
You may now pass your
papers in front.
E. Generalizatio Before we proceed with your
n individual activity, what is
direct variations all about?
Ma’am, it describes a relationship
between two variables where one
variable is a constant variable of
the other.
Indeed, correct!
In simpler terms?
Ma’am, as one variable
increases, the other increase
Excellent! proportionally.
EVALUATION
How Deep Is Your Understanding?
I. Translate the following variation statements into direct variation
equations.
1. m varies directly to n.
2. h is directly proportional to j.
3. The cost of labor C is directly proportional to the number of workers N.
II. Solve for the unknown values. Provide the complete solution.
4. The electric current I (in amperes) of an electric circuit is directly
proportional to the voltage V. When 2 volts is applied, the current is 6
amperes.
a. Write an equation relating I to V.
b. Find the current when 28 vols is applied.
c. If the electric current is 18 amperes, what is the voltage of the
circuit?
ANSWER:
1.m=kn
2. h=kj
3. c=kN
4. a. I =k V
6=k ( 12 )
1
k=
2
1
I= V
2
1
b. I = V
2
1
I = (28)
2
I =14
1
c. I = V
2
1
18= V
2
V =36
ASSIGNMENT
Scan the QR code below to fill in the missing words.
1. To the problem y ______ directly ________.
2. Learn about it’s ______ and ____________.
3. Just focus on _______.
Prepared by:
Marilou Joy A. Costales .
Pre-Service Teacher’s Signature over Printed Name
Reviewed by:
Ms. Beverly Mendoza .
Cooperating Teacher’s Signature over Printed Name