Understanding Comparison
and Contrast in Writing
In the realm of writing, particularly in the crafting of essays, various
development patterns can profoundly influence how we organize and
present information. Among these patterns are narration, description,
definition, exemplification, and classification. Two significant strategies that
writers often utilize are comparison and contrast.
Comparison focuses on the similarities between two or more subjects, while
contrast delves into their differences. A compare-and-contrast essay thus
serves to analyze two subjects by exploring their similarities, differences, or
both. The essence of a quality compare-and-contrast essay lies in selecting
subjects that connect meaningfully. It's not about stating the obvious; rather,
the goal is to illuminate subtle differences or unexpected similarities.
For instance, contrasting two varieties of apples instead of comparing
apples and oranges is a more effective approach, as it allows for a more
nuanced analysis of the characteristics unique to each type. Consider the
example: "Red Delicious apples are sweet, while Granny Smiths are tart and
acidic." This distinction enhances the reader's understanding of the apple
category.
When constructing a comparison essay, it’s ideal to choose two subjects
that, on the surface, may seem unrelated. For example, rather than
comparing two apples, one might find it more intriguing to compare apples
with oranges to uncover their similarities despite their differences.
The Structure of a Comparison and Contrast
Essay
The structure of a compare-and-contrast essay typically begins with a
thesis statement that clearly identifies the subjects being compared or
contrasted along with the rationale behind the examination. The thesis may
favor either comparison, contrast, or a blend of both approaches.
Consider the following thesis statement that leans towards the contrasting
side:
“"Organic vegetables may cost more than those that are conventionally
grown, but when put to the test, they are definitely worth every extra
penny."”
This thesis articulates both subjects: organic and conventional vegetables,
while making a claim that is informative for the reader.
Organizational Formats
Comparison and contrast essays can be organized in the following ways:
Organized by Subjects: This format discusses one subject in full before
moving to the next.
Thesis: Organic vegetables may cost more...
Subject 1: Organic Vegetables
Subject 2: Conventional Vegetables
Conclusion
Organized by Points: This structure discusses each point in relation to
both subjects concurrently.
Thesis: Organic vegetables may cost more...
Point 1: Chemical/Pesticide Comparison
Point 2: Nutrition Comparison
Point 3: Taste Comparison
The choice of organizational structure depends on the essay's topic, its
purpose, and the intended audience. As compare-and-contrast essays
explore the relationships between subjects, familiarizing oneself with
phrases that signal comparison or contrast can enhance clarity for the
reader.
Practical Activity for Comparison and Contrast
To solidify your understanding of this concept, consider the following
exercise. Analyze what is being compared and contrasted in the excerpts
presented below:
1. Excerpt 1: "Love might be contentment, but passion is adventure. Love
is passive; passion is hyperactive. Where love is melancholic, passion is
pain."
2. Excerpt 2: "Groping for imagery I find myself thinking of passion as hot,
strong almost thick coffee… Coffee unleashes energy, has a full-blooded
flavor, a touch of bitterness unpleasant to others, but delicious to the
drinker."
3. Excerpt 3: "Although I raised Marcee and Obbie from puppies, they have
completely diverse personalities. Obbie is small and soft, unlike Marcee
who has bristly hair and is much bigger. Marcee insists on sleeping on
the bed. Obbie is tremendously loyal and uptight; however, Marcee is
hyper and friendly to anyone she meets or sees. Around other dogs,
Marcee cowers to the larger dog, yet Obbie will always stand his ground,
never giving up until he is scolded."
In writing your responses, consider noting any similarities and differences
you identify as well as relevant connecting phrases such as "likewise", "in
contrast", "while", and "whereas". This exercise will help enhance your
skills in discerning and articulating comparisons and contrasts effectively.