LECTURE EXAM 3 Study Guide
Lecture exam 3 will be conducted online through Connect and Proctorio with webcam
Monitor. Once you start the exam you will not be able to stop. Thus, prior to taking the
exam, make sure you are in a location that has reliable internet service and that you
have blocked off an appropriate amount of time in which you will not be interrupted. You
will be required identify structures (not to the extent as in lab) to answer some
questions. Make sure you can identify the organs/structures discussed in class.
The syllabus has several recommendations on how to study—you should re-read (or
read, if you have not yet done so) the ‘Exams’ and ‘Tips for Success’ sections carefully.
Exam 3 will cover the Circulatory system and Respiratory system. You should be able to
answer any of the questions below, in detail, before you take the exam.
Questions regarding the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM will generally cover:
• Circulatory Basics
o What are the divisions of the circulatory system?
o What are the functions of each division?
Cardiovascular System
• The Blood
o What is plasma? What are the components of plasma? What is the
function of each component of plasma?
o What are the formed elements of blood (e.g. erythrocytes, leukocytes,
platelets)?
o Know the structure and functions/benefits of erythrocyte anatomy.
o Know the structures and functions of each leukocyte.
o What is the structure and function of platelets?
• The Heart
o Where is the heart located?
o What is the pericardium and what are the layers?
o What are the layers of the heart wall and what are their functions? What is
the myocardium and how is it arranged?
o What is the cardiac skeleton (know its structure and location)? What are
the functions of the cardiac skeleton?
o What are the chambers of the heart? What is the function of each
chamber? What structures are associated with each chamber?
o What are the surface features and dividing walls of the heart and what is
each of their functions?
o What are the valves of the heart (what are they made of)? What are the
different types of valves? What structures are associated with each type of
valve? What are the functions of valves and when are they open or
closed?
o Understand the flow of blood through the heart.
o Which arteries supply blood to the heart and which regions do they
supply?
o Which veins drain the heart?
o What are the structures of the conduction system of the heart?
Understand how/in which order impulses are conducted through the heart.
• The Blood Vessels
o What are the three tunics (layers) that make up the walls of blood
vessels? Know the microanatomy of each layer and how it changes with
function.
o Know the different types of blood vessels
o What are arteries? What are the different types of arteries? Be able to
describe each type of artery (structure and function).
o What are capillaries? What is the function of capillaries?
o What are the different types of capillaries? What structures are associated
with each type of capillary? Where is each type found?
o What are capillary beds? What is their function? How is blood flow through
capillary beds controlled?
o What are veins? What is the function of veins and what are the different
types of veins? Be able to describe each type of vein (structure and
function).
o How is venous return aided?
o What are the different pathways blood travels throughout the body? What
are portal systems and anastomoses? What are the functions of these
different pathways? Where are each located in the body?
Lymphatic System
o What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
o What are lymphatic vessels and how does fluid return to the
cardiovascular system.
o What are lymphoid tissues and what is their function?
o What are the primary lymphoid organs and what do they do?
o What are the secondary lymphoid organs and what do they do?
Questions regarding the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM will generally cover:
• Respiratory System basics
o What are the functions of the of the respiratory system?
o What are the functional zones of the respiratory system? What is the
function of each zone?
o What are the main regions of the respiratory system? Where is each
region and what organs are located in each region?
• Upper Respiratory Tract
• Nose and Nasal Cavity
o What structures make up the nose?
o Where is the nasal cavity? What are the structures associated with the
nasal cavity? What is the function of each structure?
o What are nasal conchae and turbinates? What is the function of
turbinates?
o What types of epithelium line the nasal cavity and what are their
functions?
• Pharynx
o Where is the pharynx?
o What are the three regions of the pharynx?
o What features/tissues are associated with each region?
o What is the function of each region?
• Larynx
o What is the larynx and where is it located?
o What are the functions of the larynx?
o What structures and tissues make up the larynx (know the cartilage pieces
and their functions etc.)?
o What structures are involved in sound production? How is sound
produced? What determines sound of our voice (pitch, volume, etc.)?
• Lower Respiratory Tract
• Trachea
o What is the trachea and where is it located?
o What is the function of the trachea?
o What structures make up the trachea (including the walls)? What are the
functions of each structure/tissue of the trachea?
• Lungs
o Where are the lungs located?
o Know the gross anatomy of the lungs.
o How are the left and right lung different?
o What are bronchi and what are bronchi made of? How does the
composition of bronchial walls change with size?
o What is the bronchial tree? Understand the branching of the bronchial tree
and what regions of the lungs the major bronchi/bronchioles serve.
o What are bronchioles? What are the different types of bronchioles?
o How is airflow controlled in the lungs?
o What are alveoli? What is the function of alveoli?
o What cells are associated with alveoli? what is the function of each cell
type?
• Pleurae
o What are the pleurae (including layers and cavity) and where are they
located? What is the function of pleurae and pleural fluid?
• Ventilation
o What is ventilation? How does ventilation work?
o Which muscles are involved in ventilation?
This guide is just a guide and may not include all possible questions on the exam.
Questions regarding any of the disorders discussed in class are also possible or I may
have missed information from lecture. The questions on the exam will generally be
based on the lecture material. If it was covered in lecture, it’s fair game. However,
questions will not be limited to lecture. You may be required to draw upon your
knowledge to answer questions not directly covered in class.