Environmental Studies(BESK508/BCS508)
Module -4 – Global Environmental Concerns
(Concept, policies and case -studies)
Objective type questions & answers:
1. Which of the following doesn’t control aquifer behaviour?
a) Wind conditions
b) Nature of the rock
c) Structural disposition
d) Climate conditions like precipitation
2. An aquifer can hold water and the state of water is
a) Permanently – State of flow
b) Temporarily – State of flow
c) Permanent – State of stagnancy
d) Temporary – State of stagnancy
3. The quantity of water that can be withdrawn annually and also
the rate at which this withdrawal could be made without adversely
affecting the inventory of the aquifer is called
a) Annual yield
b) Percent yield
c) Operational yield
d) Monthly yield
4. When an aquifer is used to artificially recharge by making it
pass through an intervening layer, the aquifer acts as
a) A cooling agent
b) An aerating agent
c) An odour agent
d) A filter plant
5. When would the dam become irrelevant?
a) When the rocks are strong
b) When the rocks are impermeable
c) When the rocks are porous
d) When the rocks are weathered to a certain extent
6. Which quality of rock should be known properly for the
foundations of dams, reservoirs, etc.?
a) Colour knowledge
b) Geological
c) Hydrogeological
d) History of the formation of rocks
7. Groundwater is a source of trouble at which place?
a) Plains
b) Slopes
c) Rivers
d) Lakes
7. An associated protection of rising water -table is the
development of
a) Loss of nutrients
b) Loss of good quality of water
c) Salinity of water
d) Increase in turbidity
8. The root system of crops in water-logged areas get
a) Decomposed
b) Enriched with nutrients
c) Photosynthesised
d) Growth inhibited
9. Which one of the following is an important heat trapping gas?
a) Nitrogen
b) Carbon monoxide
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Hydrogen
10. How many cubic kilometers of land ice decrease in Antarctica
since 2002?
a) 100
b) 400
c) 500
d) 1000
11. Which one of the following is the reason for a sea level rise?
a) Depression of sea water
b) Expansion of sea water
c) Due to heavy rainfall
d) Due to low rainfall
12. What is the full form of IPCC?
a) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
b) International Panel on Climate Change
c) Intergovernmental Protocols on Climate Change
d) International Panel on Climate Conservation
13. What is the estimation range of the global mean sea level rise
by the year 2100?
a) 0-10 cm
b) 4-45 cm
c) 9-88 cm
d) 14-123 cm
14. Which one of the following is a result of climate change?
a) Adequate rainfall
b) Pure air
c) Deficiency of freshwater
d) Less soil pollution
15. How food production reduced due to climate change?
a) Due to application of organic manures
b) Due to modern technologies
c) Due to increase in pests
d) Due to reduced in pollution
16. How climate change leads to conflicts in vulnerable regions?
a) By shortage of human resources
b) By shortage of food and water
c) By shortage of land
d) By shortage of chemical manures
17. What happens when seasonal transmission of vector species
due to climate change?
a) Increase the spread of diseases
b) Decreased the spread of diseases
c) Vector species itself die
d) Vector species do not spread disease
18. Which one of the following can achieve Global Climate Change?
a) World War-3
b) Making unwanted policies
c) Drinking less water than required
d) The training of researchers and health professionals
19. In which year the Pacific Ocean led to the most serious death
in coral ever known?
a) 1993
b) 1995
c) 1997
d) 2000
20. What would have been the average temperature of Earth
without greenhouse gases?
a) 0oC
b) -7oC
c) -9oC
d) -19oC
21. Ever since the industrial revolution, by how much has the
average temperature of the Earth increased?
a) 0.24oC
b) 0.6oC
c) 1.2oC
d) 1.8oC
22. How much of the sun’s radiation energy is absorbed by the
greenhouse gases to warm the planet?
a) 75PW
b) 1750GW
c) 1500MW
d) 150TW
23. What is the emissivity of the Earth’s surface?
a) 0.457
b) 0.578
c) 0.135
d) 1.42
24. Which type of clouds is found in the highest altitude of the
Earth’s atmosphere?
a) Noctilucent
b) Cirrostratus
c) Stratus
d) Cirrus
25. What is the significance of the ionosphere?
a) Aviation movements
b) High frequency radio transmission
c) Regulates weather
d) All of the mentioned
26. What does the term “overcast” define?
a) Phenomenon of indirect radiation exposure due to scattering
b) Weather when cloud cover is equal to 8 oktas
c) Phenomenon of indirect radiation exposure due to scattering & Weather when cloud
cover is equal to 8 oktas
d) None of the mentioned
27. What does ITCZ stand for corresponding to global wind
patterns?
a) Inner Tropospheric Convergence Zone
b) Inter Tropical Convergence Zone
c) Inner Tropical Continental Zone
d) Inter Tropical Continental Zone
28. Which one of the following cause acid rain?
a) Water pollution
b) Soil pollution
c) Air pollution
d) Noise Pollution
29. What are two acids formed when gases react with the tiny
droplets of water in clouds?
a) Sulphuric acids and nitric acid
b) Hydrochloric acid and nitric acid
c) Sulfurous acid and acetylsalicylic acid
d) Sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid
29. What is the nature of acid rain?
a) Withstanding
b) Protecting
c) Corrosive
d) Balancing
30. Which of the following way acid rain affects the plants?
a) By nourishing the nutrients from the soil
b) By increasing the nutrients from the soil
c) By removing nutrients from the soil
d) By balancing the nutrients in the soil
31. What is the result of acid rain when it falls into water bodies?
a) The water becomes acidic
b) The water becomes pure
c) The water increase its nutrients value
d) The water increase its level
32. Which one of the way can prevent acid rain?
a) Increase the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
b) Decrease the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
c) Increase in the emission of hydrochloride and phosphate
d) Decrease in the emission of hydrochloride and phosphate
33. The Taj Mahal in India is affected by
a) Fog
b) Acid rain
c) Water pollution
d) Spoil Pollution
34. Which of the following is the best way to reduce acid rain in
soil?
a) By adding sulphur to the soil
b) By adding nitrogen to the soil
c) By adding oxygen to the soil
d) By adding limestone to the soil
35. How can we control acid rain which is causing due to the
exhaust fumes on the atmosphere by cars?
a) By burning more fuels
b) By using old engine vehicles
c) By using ignition
d) By using catalytic converters
36. Which is the most acidic in pH scale?
a) 0
b) 7
c) 10
d) 14
37. Who was the first to use the phrase “Acid Rain”?
a) Robert Angus Smith
b) Ernest Flower
c) Elmer Joseph Clark
d) Christ Ralph
38. When was the “Clean Air Act” in United States came into force?
a) 1950
b) 1960
c) 1970
d) 1980
39. Below which of the following pH is rain regarded as ‘acid rain’?
a) 7
b) 7.3
c) 5.6
d) 6
40. Glass containers are generally not preferred for sampling rain
water. Why?
a) Glass containers are expensive
b) Glass containers are not easy to maintain
c) Glass containers affect the pH of the rain water
d) All of the mentioned
41. Which of the following gases are main contributors to acid
rain?
a) Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
b) Sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide
c) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
d) Sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide
42. What does the term “liming” mean?
a) Application of magnesium and calcium rich substances to soil
b) Erosion of calcium carbonate(lime) zones in soil
c) Excessive growth of lemon trees in acid rain prone regions
d) None of the mentioned
43. Which place in India receives the highest annual rainfall?
a) Mawsynram
b) Cherrapunji
c) Siju
d) Phyllut
44. Who discovered the phenomenon of acid rain?
a) George Brown
b) James T. Stewart
c) Robert Angus Smith
d) Charles David
45. Which of the following is/are natural contributor(s) to sulphur
dioxide in the atmosphere?
a) Sea sprays
b) Volcanic eruption
c) Decaying vegetation
d) All of the
46. What is the pH required for the survival of aquatic animals and
plants?
a) 7
b) 7.5
c) 6.5
d) 4.8
47. Which of the following gases is responsible for the yellowing
of the Taj Mahal?
a) Organic carbon
b) Black carbon
c) Brown carbon
d) All of the mentioned
48. What is the average concentration of ozone in the ozone layer
of the atmosphere?
a) Nearly 100%
b) Greater than 90%
c) Between 10-50%
d) Less than 10ppm
49. Who discovered the ozone layer?
a) Henri Buisson & Charles Fabry
b) Carl Sagan & Charles Fabry
c) G.M.B Dobson
d) Carl Sagan &G.M.B Dobson
50. Which of the following devices can be used to measure ozone
in the stratosphere from the ground?
a) Spectrometer
b) Photometer
c) Spectrophotometer
d) Spectro-ozonometer
51. The ozone layer absorbs what range of wavelengths of the
sun’s radiation?
a) 0.80 nm – 1.50 nm
b) 200 nm – 315 nm
c) 450 nm – 570 nm
d) 600 nm – 750 nm
52. Who discovered the formation of ozone from photochemical
reactions?
a) G.M.B Dobson
b) Sydney Chapman
c) Carl Sagan
d) Henri Buisson
53. Between what altitudes, is the ozone layer found in highest
concentrations?
a) 10-20km
b) 20-40km
c) 40-55km
d) 55-70km
54. Which of the following UV radiations is responsible for causing
sun burns and skin cancer?
a) UV-A
b) UV-B
c) UV-C
d) All of the mentioned
55. In which season is the ozone found at its maximum level in the
northern hemisphere?
a) Winter
b) Summer
c) Spring
d) Autumn
56. When was the ozone hole discovered?
a) 1974
b) 1964
c) 1994
d) 1984
57. The ozone hole is a phenomenon that has occurred in:
a) Arctic region
b) Northern temperate region
c) Southern temperate region
d) None of the mentioned
58. Which of the following chemicals are responsible for the
depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer?
a) Refrigerants
b) Propellants
c) Foam-blowing agents
d) All of the mentioned
59. What does EESC stand for in context of ozone depleting
compounds?
a) Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine
b) Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorofluorocarbons
c) Equivalent Energy Saving Compounds
d) Energy Effective Stratospheric Compounds
60. The Montreal Protocol bans the production of which of the
following chemical substances?
a) Chlorine, bromine, CFCs, freons
b) Carbon tetrachloride, halons, trichloroethane, CFCs
c) CFCs, bromine, halons, freons
d) CFCs, halons, freons
61. Eco-toxicology is the study of
a) Chemical interactions of organism and environment
b) Physical interactions of organism and environment
c) Thermal interactions of organism and environment
d) Biological interactions of organism and environment
62. Hazard estimation in ecotoxicology is done based on
a) Accumulation
b) Bio-accumulation
c) SARA
d) H
63. Eco-toxicology is based on of chemicals.
a) Chemical
b) Physical
c) Toxicological
d) Biological
64. Chronic toxicity is based on
a) NOEC
b) AOEC
c) SOEC
d) QEOC
65. According to TURI which tool is used for determining aquatic
toxicity?
a) P2SD
b) P3SFD
c) P2OASys
d) P20FR
66. Toxicity ranking from ToxPi is based on
a) Suborganismal tests
b) Organismal test
c) P2SO
d) EC100
67. models provide ecotoxicity endpoint.
a) QASR
b) QSAR
c) QAWS
d) QSEA
68. species is used as screening of chemicals.
a) Eisinia foetida
b) Folsomia candida
c) Enchytraeus albidus
d) Zebrafish
69. The fluoride concentration for prevention of dental caries is
a) 1mg/l
b) 2mg/l
c) 3mg/l
d) 4mg/l
70. In which process, the fluoride content of water is raised?
a) Chlorination
b) Fluoridation
c) Defluoridation
d) Flocculation
71. Which of the following is not used as a fluoride compound?
a) Sodium fluoride
b) Sodium silico fluoride
c) Hydrofluosilicic acid
d) Sodium fluro carbonate
72. Which of the following is the pure compound?
a) Sodium fluoride
b) Sodium silico fluoride
c) Hydrofluosilicic acid
d) Sodium fluro carbonate
73. As far as safer handling is considered, which of the following
is used for fluoridation?
a) Sodium fluoride
b) Sodium silico fluoride
c) Hydrofluosilicic acid
d) Sodium fluro carbonate