SPECTRUM
Electromagnetic spectrum or EM spectrum :
The arrangement obtained by arranging various types of EM waves in
orders of their increasing frequency or decreasing wave length is called as
EM SPECTRUM
Spectrum :
When a radiation is passed through a spectroscope (Prism) for the
dispersion of the radiation, the pattern (photograph) obtained on the
screen (photographic plate) is called as spectrum of the given radiation
When an electron transitions from one energy level to
another, it absorbs or emits light or photon with a
specific wavelength. In any given set of conditions, the
collection of all these specific wavelengths is what constitutes
the atomic spectrum.
Continuous spectrum
Absorption spectrum
Emission spectrum
Emission
Emissions spectrum :
When the radiation emitted from incandescence source (eg. from the candle, sun, tube
light, burner, bulb, or by passing electric discharge through a gas at low pressure, by
heating some substance at high temp) is passed directly through the prism and then
received on the screen then the obtained spectrum is called as emission spectrum.
Emission
Continuous
When a narrow beam of white light is
passed through a prism, it is dispersed
into 7 colors from violet to Red.
Emission
Line
When an atomic gas is raised to incandescence source or subjected to
electrical excitation, it first absorbs energy & then gives it out as radiation.
On examining these radiation through a spectroscope a spectrum is obtained
which have well defined lines, each corresponding to a definite wave length
& these lines are separated from each other by dark space. This type of
Emission spectrum is called as Emission line spectrum
• Emission line spectrum
* Special Note :
1. No two elements will have identical line spectrum since no two
elements have identical energy level therefore the line spectrum of
the elements are described as finger prints differing from each other
like the finger prints of the human beings.
2. Since line spectrum is obtained by the emission of energy through the
atoms of the element therefore line spectrum is also called as atomic
spectrum
Emission
band
If molecular form of the gas is used, it first absorbs energy for not only
electron transition but for rotational, vibrational and translational then
emits radiations. On examining these radiations through a spectroscope a
spectrum is obtained on the screen, which are group of closely packed lines
called bands, therefore this type of Emission spectrum is called as emission
band spectrum. Bands are separated from each other by dark space.
• Absorption band spectrum
Note : Since band spectrum are caused by molecules therefore band spectrum
are also called as molecular spectrum.
Absorption
When white light is first passed through a solution or vapors of chemical substance or
gas and then analyzed by spectroscope, it is observed that some dark lines are
obtained in otherwise continuous spectrum. This type of spectrum is called as
Absorption spectrum
• Emission band spectrum
Hydrogen line spectrum or Hydrogen spectrum :
When an electric excitation is applied on atomic hydrogen gas at Low pressure, a
bluish light is emitted. when a ray of this light is passed through a prism, a
spectrum of several isolated sharp line is obtained. The wave length of various
lines show that spectrum lines lie in Visible, Ultraviolet and Infra red region.
These lines are grouped into different series
Total number of lines = ((n2 −n1 ) (n2 − n1 + 1)/2
• Calculate the frequency and energy of a photon of
wavelength 4000 A0
• Calculate the λ and frequency of a photon having an energy
of 2 electron volt
• A particular radio station broadcast at a frequency of 1120
kHz. Another radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 98.7
MHz. What are the wave length of radiation from each
station?
• Which has a higher energy
a. A photon of violet light with wavelength 4000 A0 or
b. A photon of red light with wavelength 7000 A0
• How many photons of lights having a wave length of 5000
A0 are necessary to provide 1 joule of energy?
• Calculate the energy associated with the photon passing
through vacuum with Wave length 9900 A0
• If electron moves from 6th to 3rd orbit by transition in multi
steps, then find out the following steps
a. Total number of lines in spectrum
b. Total number of lines in UV region
c. Total number of lines in Visible region
d. Total number in IR region
e. In Balmar series of H atom/spectrum, which electronic
transition represents 3rd line?
f. In H atom if electron moves from nth orbit to first orbit
by transition in multi steps, if there are total number of
lines in spectrum are 10 then find out the value of n
• A series of lines in the spectrum of atomic H lies at wave
lengths 656.46, 482.7, 434.17, 410.29 nm. What is the wave
length of next line in this series?
• The wave number of 1st line of Balmar series of H spectrum is
15200 cm-1. The wave number of 1st line of Balmar series of
Li2+ spectrum will be?
• Calculate the ratio of maximum wavelength of Lymen
and Balmar series?
• A certain electronic transition from an excite state to
ground state of the H atom in one or more steps gives
rise to 5 lines in UV region of the spectrum. How many
lines does this transition produce in the IR region of the
spectrum?