s.

Naga Surendra

23HP1A4261

CSM

Types of hacker

1. Black Hat Hackers: Malicious hackers who break into systems for personal gain.

2. White Hat Hackers: Ethical hackers who help organizations improve their security.

3. Gray Hat Hackers: Hackers who sometimes violate laws or ethical standards but without
malicious intent.

4. Script Kiddies: Inexperienced hackers who use pre-written scripts to hack.

5. Hacktivists: Hackers who use their skills for political or social activism.

6. State-Sponsored Hackers: Hackers employed by governments to conduct espionage or cyber

7. Cyber Terrorists: Hackers who use their skills to create fear or disrupt critical infrastructure.

8. Red Hat Hackers: Vigilante hackers who target black hat hackers.

9. Blue Hat Hackers: Hackers who test systems for bugs before they are released.

10. Green Hat Hackers: New hackers eager to learn and grow their skills.

11. Whistleblowers: Individuals who expose unethical or illegal activities within organizations.

12. Insider Threats: Employees or associates who misuse their access to harm the organization.

13. Phreakers: Hackers who specialize in telecommunication systems.

14. Botnet Masters: Hackers who control large networks of compromised computers.

15. Malware Developers: Hackers who create malicious software.

16. Spammers: Hackers who use automated systems to send large volumes of unsolicited
messages.

17. Carders: Hackers who specialize in stealing and using credit card information.

18. Keyloggers: Hackers who use software to capture keystrokes and steal information.

19. Social Engineers: Hackers who manipulate people into divulging confidential information.

20. Ransomware Hackers: Hackers who encrypt data and demand payment for its release.

21. DDoS Attackers: Hackers who overwhelm systems with traffic to cause disruptions.

22. Exploit Writers: Hackers who discover and write code to exploit vulnerabilities.

23. Cryptojackers: Hackers who use others’ computing resources to mine cryptocurrency.

24. IoT Hackers: Hackers who target Internet of Things devices.

25. Cloud Hackers: Hackers who exploit vulnerabilities in cloud services.

27. Password Crackers: Hackers who use various methods to crack passwords.

28. Data Breachers: Hackers who steal large volumes of data.

29. Ad Fraudsters: Hackers who manipulate online advertising for profit.

30. Dark Web Hackers: Hackers who operate on the dark web to buy and sell illegal goods and
services.

31. Sent by you:

20 termonologies in cyber security

1. Adware: Software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material when a user
is online.

2. Advanced Persistent Threat (APT): A prolonged and targeted cyberattack in which an

3. Antivirus: Software designed to detect and destroy computer viruses.

4. Attack Vector: The method or pathway used by a hacker to access or infiltrate a system.

5. Authentication: The process of verifying the identity of a user or device.

6. Botnet: A network of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a
group without the owners’ knowledge.

7. Bug: An error or flaw in software that can cause it to malfunction.

8. Business Continuity Plan (BCP): A strategy that outlines procedures for maintaining business
operations during a disruption.

9. Click Fraud: The practice of repeatedly clicking on an advertisement hosted on a website to

10. Cloud Computing: The delivery of computing services over the internet, including storage,
processing, and software.

11. Data Breach: An incident where information is stolen or taken from a system without the
knowledge or authorization of the system’s owner.

12. Denial of Service (DoS): An attack that aims to make a machine or network resource
unavailable to its intended users by overwhelming it with a flood of internet traffic.

13. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS): A DoS attack where the incoming traffic comes from
many different sources, making it harder to stop.

14. Encryption: The process of converting information or data into a code to prevent
unauthorized access.
15. Firewall: A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing
network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

16. Malware: Any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client,
or computer network.

17. Phishing: A method of trying to gather personal information using deceptive e-mails and
websites.

18. Ransomware: A type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system
until a sum of money is paid.

19. Social Engineering: The use of deception to manipulate individuals into divulging confidential
or personal information that may be used for fraudulent purposes.

20. Zero-Day Exploit: A cyber attack that occurs on the same day a weakness is discovered in
software, before the developer has a chance to fix it.

1. Port 20: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Data Transfer

2. Port 21: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Command Control

3. Port 22: SSH (Secure Shell)

4. Port 23: Telnet

5. Port 25: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

6. Port 53: DNS (Domain Name System)

7. Port 67: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Server

8. Port 68: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Client

9. Port 80: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

10. Port 110: POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)

11. Port 119: NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)

12. Port 123: NTP (Network Time Protocol)

13. Port 143: IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

14. Port 161: SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

15. Port 194: IRC (Internet Relay Chat)

16. Port 443: HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

17. Port 445: SMB (Server Message Block)

18. Port 465: SMTPS (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secure)

19. Port 514: Syslog

21. Port 636: LDAPS (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Secure)

22. Port 993: IMAPS (Internet Message Access Protocol Secure)

23. Port 995: POP3S (Post Office Protocol 3 Secure)

24. Port 1080: SOCKS Proxy

25. Port 1433: Microsoft SQL Server

26. Port 1521: Oracle Database

27. Port 3306: MySQL Database

28. Port 3389: RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

29. Port 5432: PostgreSQL Database

30. Port 5900: VNC (Virtual Network Computing)

Key Points

1. Range: Registered ports fall within the range of 1024 to 49151.

2. Assignment: These ports are assigned to specific services or applications to avoid conflicts
and ensure proper communication.

3. Usage: Unlike well-known ports (0-1023), registered ports can be used by anyone, but they
are typically assigned to less common applications.

4. Examples:

o Port 1433: Microsoft SQL Server

o Port 3306: MySQL Database

o Port 5432: PostgreSQL Database

Purpose

The primary purpose of registered ports is to ensure that different services and applications can
coexist on the same network without interfering with each other. By assigning specific port numbers
to specific services, network traffic can be properly directed and managed.

Registration Process

Organizations or developers can request a specific port number from IANA for their application. This
helps in maintaining an organized and conflict-free network environment
50 command for liunex

1. ls: List directory contents.

2. pwd: Print working directory.

3. cd: Change directory.

4. mkdir: Create a new directory.

5. rmdir: Remove an empty directory.

6. touch: Create an empty file.

7. rm: Remove files or directories.

8. cp: Copy files or directories.

9. mv: Move or rename files or directories.

10. cat: Concatenate and display file contents.

11. less: View file contents one page at a time.

12. head: Display the first few lines of a file.

13. tail: Display the last few lines of a file.

14. find: Search for files in a directory hierarchy.

15. locate: Find files by name.

System Information Commands

16. uname: Print system information.

17. top: Display tasks and system resource usage.

18. htop: Interactive process viewer.

19. df: Report file system disk space usage.

20. du: Estimate file space usage.

21. free: Display memory usage.

22. uptime: Show how long the system has been running.

23. whoami: Display the current user.

Network Commands

24. ping: Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts.

25. ifconfig: Configure network interfaces.

26. netstat: Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics.

28. wget: Non-interactive network downloader.

29. curl: Transfer data from or to a server.

User Management Commands

30. adduser: Add a user to the system.

31. deluser: Remove a user from the system.

32. passwd: Change user password.

33. su: Switch user.

34. sudo: Execute a command as another user.

File Permission Commands

35. chmod: Change file modes or Access Control Lists.

36. chown: Change file owner and group.

Compression Commands

37. tar: Archive files.

38. gzip: Compress files.

39. gunzip: Decompress files.

40. zip: Package and compress files.

41. unzip: Extract compressed files.

Package Management Commands

42. apt-get: APT package handling utility.

43. yum: Package manager for RPM-based distributions.

44. dpkg: Debian package manager.

Miscellaneous Commands

45. echo: Display a line of text.

46. date: Display or set the system date and time.

47. cal: Display a calendar.

48. alias: Create an alias for a command.

49. clear: Clear the terminal screen.

50. exit: Exit the shell.