10

Computer
Programming
Quarter III – Module 2:
Apply different control statements in a program: If . . .
Else

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Computer Programming – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Computer Programming – Learning Module 2 on Apply different
control statements in a program: If . . .Else Statement.

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accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
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Explore
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Learn
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

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practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
Apply sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

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level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

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 This contains the learner’s reflection. Learners
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are encouraged to think about the lessons
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have understood) and the parts that were
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iv
v
 Explore

Introduction:

A program is executed, then computer starts with the first statement

and moves towards the last statement, executing all the statements
sequentially one after the other. The program execution is like a waterfall.
The waterfall, has water, once it begins falling, will not stop until it touches
the ground and then it would flow, taking the downward slope. Similarly,
once a computer begins a program execution it will not stop until it reaches
the last statement, which informs the computer that the program has
ended and instructs the computer to take all necessary actions to stop the
execution in a smooth manner and release all the resources in the
program. But, we cannot always allow the program to execute like a
waterfall. We need to take some programmed decisions or we need to take
control of our program, and let the program execution flow that depends on
the outcome of a programmed decision.

Control statements are the tools we use where we control the

program flow as we desire based on the programmed decisions we built
into the program. As the name implies, these statements control the flow of
program execution.

There are different types of control statements, in this module we will

discuss “If. . . . Else” statements.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Apply the control statement – If . . . Else in a program.

Sub-Task:
a. Understand If . . . Else statements;
b. Discuss the general rules for writing If . . . Else statement;
c. Write a simple program that applies If . . . Else statements.

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 1 of 17

PRE-ASSESSMENT
I. TRUE or FALSE. Write IF when the statement is correct, write ELSE when the
statement is an error. Write your answers on a separate paper.

______________1. If statement uses Boolean Expression data type.

______________2. All programming languages uses If . . . Else Statements to control

a program.

______________3. It is impossible to ignore the Else part of the If statement in a

program.

______________4. An If statement can have multiple relational expressions joined by

logical operators.

______________5. If . . . Else statement uses curly bracket ({ })to enclose

statements.

______________6. Writing If . . . Else statement in multiple lines is recommended for

debugging & maintenance purposes.

______________7. The If statement is perhaps the most important of the computer

programming skills and mastering it is not essential to writing good quality

computer programs.

______________8. In real life, we also apply if . . . else statements in making a

decision.

______________9. When nesting an If statement, it is recommended to limit it to

maximum of 5 lines.

______________10. While there is restriction on the number of expressions in an If

statement, it is suggested to restrict the number of logical expressions to 2.

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 2 of 17

II. Fill in the bubbles. Write programming languages that uses “If . . . Else
Statements.” Write your answers in the bubble chart.

______________________________

_______________________________ _______________________________

IF... Else
Statement
s

______________________________ ______________________________

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 3 of 17

 Learn
In your previous lesson, we studied about arithmetic, logical and
relational expression.

Arithmetic operators are the symbols that represent math operations in

the program. Relational and logical expressions is the case of whether the
answer is always either True or False. The operators are symbols that bring
one, two or more operands together to create an expression. The operands
are the two key deciding factors of the outputs.
Now, we will study how to use these expressions in decision-making
and/or conditional statements . . . . If . . . Else Statement.

What is If statement?
If statement is a programming conditional/ decision making statement that, if
proved true, performs a function or displays information. Below is a general
example of an if statement, not specific to any particular programming
language.

if (X < 10) {

print "Hello John";

What is Else statement?

Else is a programming conditional/ decision making statement that if previous
conditions are not true displays alternate information or performs alternate
commands.

my $x = 10;
Explanation:
if ($x == 10) {
print "X is equal to 10"; The Code sets the
x variable first as 10. If this
} value remains 10, then the
first if statement prints "X is
else {
equal to 10". But, if this value
print "X is not equal to 10"; changes it would print "X is
} not equal to 10".

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 4 of 17

What is If . . . Else statement?
This statement is the most useful control statement for programmed decision
making.

The If statement makes use of a relational or logical expression to make the

decision. At a minimum, one relational expression is essential for an If statement.
In some programming languages, the entire If ... Then ... Else ... statement is
written on the same line. But in most programming languages, the If statement
spans across multiple lines.

It generally takes the form:

If <relational or logical expression> Then

Statement
Statement
...
...
Else
Statement
Statement
...
...
Endif

If . . . Else statement evaluate the condition inside the parenthesis.

[Link]

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 5 of 17

In most programming languages, they use curly braces {} to enclose the
statements between Then ... Else and between Else ... They do not use an
Endif statement at all, and only begin and end the If statement with a set of curly

braces { }.

An example using real life situation where we make a decision and we use
multiple expression and we need to use multiple statement to make the decision.
Consider this classification of people by their age:

1. If the person is between 5 and 12 years old, that person is a child

2. If the person is between 20 and 65 years old, that person is an adult

Then, we use these rules for selecting a person’s life development. We need to
develop a set of control statements to make the right decision.

Let us use the variable labeled “age” to contain the value of the age of the
person between 1 and 100. With this let us form a set of:

FLOW DIAGRAM
START
If statements to arrive at the right decision.

If the (age >= 5) and (age <= 65) Then

If the (age <= 12) Then

Specify the person as a child

Else

Specify the person as an adult

Endif

Else

Specify the person as not categorized

Endif

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 END Page 6 of 17

We can use these conditions in performing different actions such as decision
making. We can use the following statements:

 Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is

true
 Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same condition is
false
 Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first condition is false

If . . . Else statement supports logical conditions from mathematics:

 Less than: a < b

 Less than or equal to: a <= b
 Greater than: a > b
 Greater than or equal to: a >= b
 Equal to a == b
 Not Equal to: a != b

Note: that if is in lowercase letters. Uppercase letters (If or IF) will generate
an error.

References
Murali Chemuturi, Computer Programming for Beginners: A step by step Guide
(New York: CRC Press, 2019), 74 - 76

“C++ If . . .Else,” Accessed January 4, 2021,

[Link]

“Conditional Statement,” Computer Hope, September 15, 2017,

[Link]

“C++ Flow Control – C++ if . . . else,” Accessed January 4, 2021,

[Link]

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 7 of 17

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 8 of 17
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