Human Body Notes Assignment
Anatomy: structure of body parts
Physiology: function of body parts; what they do and how.
What is Homeostasis?
__________________________________________________________
What are the Levels of Organization in the human body?
Atoms → Molecules → Cells → ____________________ → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism
There are 6 Main Functions of Human Life. Fill in the blanks below:
1. Metabolism - chemical reactions, requires ____________________.
2. Responsiveness - sense changes and ___________________.
3. Movement - change in ___________________, motion of internal parts.
4. Growth - increase in _____________________________.
5. Reproduction - passing _________ to new individuals.
6. Development - changes in body, including ___________________________.
What is Differentiation?
The process by which a cell becomes ________________________ to perform a specific function. Cells
differentiate by activating and deactivating ___________________.
What is Metabolism?
All physical and chemical changes occurring in an organism; requires _____________. Where does the
energy for our bodily processes come from? _____________________________
Requirements of Human Life: complete the table below.
From the environment Why is this important for human life?
Oxygen
Nutrients
Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure
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What is the connection between Homeostasis and Feedback Loops?
The body makes adjustments when the environment changes and maintains homeostasis.
__________________________ indicates where the body can function, or what is optimal.
The ____________________________ is the value around which the range fluctuates.
Negative Feedback Loop Diagram: complete the diagram by filling in the blank boxes.
____________________ (receptors) - detect conditions within the body such as temperature
_____________________ - muscles or glands that respond to deviation from the set point.
The Function of a Positive Feedback Loop is to amplify or increase the occurrence of events.
Example of a positive feedback loop: ______________________________________________
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Position is when a human is standing upright, palms facing forward like the drawing below.
Identify what the following positions would look like:
Prone = _____________________________________________________.
Supine = ____________________________________________________.
Regional Terms are terms that describe specific areas of the body and can be directional.
Describe the directional terms below.
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Directional Terms:
Superior / Inferior-____________________________________________.
Superficial / Deep-____________________________________________.
Proximal / Distal-_____________________________________________.
Medial / Lateral-______________________________________________.
Anterior/ Posterior-___________________________________________.
Dorsal / Ventral-_____________________________________________.
Body Planes refer to an imaginary 2-d surface that cuts through the body.
There are three body planes. Describe the body planes below:
Sagittal-_____________________________________________________.
Transverse-__________________________________________________.
Frontal (coronal)-___________________________________________________.
The General Organization of the Body refers to overall structure and includes the Axial Portion - head,
neck, trunk, the Appendicular Portion - arms & legs, and the VISCERA = internal organs. also: "visceral
organs". There are also other structures or parts of the body. Fill in the blanks below.
Body Cavities are spaces where organs and other structures can be found. Name the cavities below.
___________________ = back side
_________________ = front side
___________________ = chest (heart, lungs)
_________________ = stomach area
___________________ = lower abdomen (bladder, reproductive organs)
___________________________ : Separates the thoracic and abdominal region
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Body Regions - each has a name, which is used to label structures nearby. List 3 body regions on the front
side of the body and three body regions on the back side of the body based on the figure below.
A. Front side regions: _________________________________________________________.
B. Back side regions: _________________________________________________________.
Body Membranes are tissues that cover organs and line body cavities.
There are two types of body membranes: an outer layer = PARIETAL layer and forms a "lining" and an inner
layer = VISCERAL layer, covering the surface of organs. Fill in the blanks below.
1. Pleura (or pleural membrane) - surround ______________________.
2. Pericardium (or pericardial membrane) - surrounds __________________.
3. Peritoneum (or peritoneal membrane) - surrounds organs within the abdominopelvic cavity
4. Between the layers of each membrane is a lubricating fluid which is called ______________________
Organ Systems - consist of organs working together to perform a function. Complete the chart below by
filling in the blanks for each organ system.
How does this system
ORGAN
Function Structures maintain
SYSTEMS
homeostasis?
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- protect underlying
Body covering. Skin, hair,
1. Integumentary tissues, regulate
nails, sweat glands.
temperature
Bones, ligaments,
2. Skeletal
cartilage
3. Muscular Muscles of the body
coordinates all of the
4. Nervous
bodies activities
Glands = pituitary, thyroid,
5. Endocrine
pancreas, ovaries, testes
Breakdown of food
6. Digestive
(digestion), absorption
Transports materials
7. Circulatory
throughout the body.
lymph fluids / nodes
8. Lymphatic fights infections
filters wastes from the
8. Urinary blood,
9. Reproductive produce egg and sperm
10. Respiratory lungs, trachea
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