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Compression Process
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Introduction
• This process comes under power absorbing turbomachines.
• The energy transfer takes place between rotor to fluid.
• This type of machine governed by Newton’s second law motion and
Euler’s pump equation.
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Work done & efficiencies of the compression process in compressor.
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• State 1 & 2 represents static states
• State 01 & 02 represents the stagnation states.
• State 2’ and 02’ represents the static and stagnation states for the
isentropic states respectively.
• Practical purpose: Difference between the pressures P02’ & P02 is very
small, the exit pressure will be taken as P02’ = P02
• Process 1-2 = actual process (adiabatic) which increases the entropy
due to irreversibility.
• Process 1-2’ = isentropic process (reversible adiabatic).
• For general cases where the K E is not neglected.
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Work done equations for the compressor process.
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Efficiency of the compression process
It is generally defined in two ways.
• Total –to- Total Efficiency.
• Static –to- Static Efficiency.
Total to Total Efficiency:
This efficiency based on stagnation conditions.
Definition : Ratio of ideal work to actual work between the stagnation
states.
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Static to static efficiency:
• It is based on static states.
• Gas velocities at entry and exit are negligible.
• When the gas velocities are negligible then the stagnation properties are
same as static properties.
• The actual and ideal works for the above conditions are
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Finite stage efficiency :
• overall isentropic efficiency
• Compressor stage with a finite pressure rise is called as a finite stage.
• From the above equations, it is observed that for the same pressure
ratio and efficiency, the stage work is mainly depending on the inlet
temperature (T01, T1) at each stage work & requires more work at
higher entry temperature.
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Effect of Pre-Heat.
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• Thermodynamic effect of multistage compression: A 3 stage
compressor is considered between the inlet pressure P1 & delivery
pressure P2.
• PA & PB : The intermediate pressures.
• It is assumed that the pressure ratio, p i.e., PA/ P1, PB/ PA, P2/ PB, &
stage efficiency ηst are same for all stages.
• Process 1-2’ : isentropic compression process.
• Process 1-2 : actual compression process.
• If the overall efficiency of the multistage compressor is ηo then the
actual work is given by
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Infinitesimal stage efficiency or polytropic efficiency.
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• A Finite compressor stage: it is made up of infinitesimal number of
small stages.
• Each of these small stages has an efficiency : polytropic efficiency
• Consider a single stage efficiency having its stage efficiency operates
between the pressures P1 & P2 .
• Infinitesimal stage of efficiency ηp working between the pressures p
and p+dp .
consider the working fluid as perfect gas, an infinitesimal stage
efficiency is defined as
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