Materials:
Solar Cells
Solar Cell. Solar Cells (or commonly known as Photovoltaic Cell)
are made up of silicon, that is known for high melting point and
electrical conductivity which receives an energy coming from the
sunlight exposure. Each cell has a ½ of volts(0.5V to 0.6V
approximately). In short, a photovoltaic (PV) cell converts light
into electricity.
Solar Charge Controller
Solar Charge Controller. Charge Controller is an instrument
which has a two different charges, A “+”(positive), and a
”-“(negative). PWM and MPPT controllers are both having a
changing rate of speed it depends on the charge level of the
battery. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controllers can precisely
control the amount of power delivered due to its power control. It
is more sufficient because PWM controllers can switches to
completely on and completely off circumstances. And also this
type of controller can be used for the applications like DC Motors,
speed controllers, LED dimmers, heating systems, and voltage
regulation in power supplies. But in MPPT (Maximum Power Point
Tracking) controllers, it’s the another type of electronic device of a
charge controller that is used to maximize the efficiency of solar
panels, MPPT controller does work in tracks optimal voltage and
current, Maximizing Energy Harvest, Converts Excess Voltage, and
Improving Battery Charging.
Battery Pack (3.7V 4400mAh)
Battery Pack. The battery pack consists of a chemical
composition (such as Lithium-Ion, NiMH – nickel metal hydride). It
is used to store energy & store capacity that aims to determine
how much store energy a battery pack can store and how long it
powers a device. BMS or Battery Management System has a great
contribution on the storage of energy coming to the battery that
develops an electronic control system to monitor voltage, current,
temperature, and state of charge (SoC).
DC Voltage Regulator
DC Voltage Regulator. The main purpose of LM2596S DC-DC
Buck Converter (which is a model of DC Voltage Regulator) is to
drop down the voltage of any DC power source. So therefore, they
produce a very little amount of heat while working. The maximum
current voltage of a DC buck converter has 3A (max) with an input
voltage between 3V-40V.
Arduino Mega
Arduino Mega. The Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 is fascinating for
every project that requires I/O lines, more sketch memory and
more RAM (Random Access Memory), it also involves
understanding and working with this powerful microcontroller
board, which is popular for electronics projects and embedded
systems.
Servo Motor with Drive
Servo Motor with Drive. Servo Motor a load control device that
is constantly corrects the position or speed of a load to
predetermined parameter. Servo Motors are often used in small
robots remote-control model airplanes because they are light and
small. It has a volt of 5V that has a 3-pin interface with power,
ground, and a control input. The control input is typically a 50 Hz
pulse width modulated signal.
PIR Sensor
PIR Sensor. PIR (or Passive Infrared Sensor) HC SR501 allows to
sense all objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit
heat energy in the form of infrared radiation from any object
passing through its sensing area. The hotter the object, the more
infrared radiation it emits. Moreover, PIR sensor has typically a
length of 7 meters for the detection range, for detection angle, it
has measure of 120⁰ in a cone shape, for the operation voltage, it
has an estimated volt of 4.5V to 20V ( commonly used with 5V),
and lastly, for the study of output signal, it has a voltage of 3.3V
of High for digital when motion is detected, 0V of Low for digital
when no motion is detected.
Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic Sensor. US Sensor (also known as Ultrasonic Sensor)
HC SR04 is very popular to the other types of ultrasonic sensor, it
is a type of device that is used to test the frequency of a sound
and used to calculate the distance by using ultrasonic sound
waves. It emits high-frequency sound waves with an effective
sound of 40kHz of range and then listens for the echo that
bounces back after hitting the object.
LCD
LCD. LCD or Liquid Crystal Display 1602 I2C module refers to a
16x2 Liquid Crystal Display with 16 columns and 2 rows allowing
it up to 32 characters at a time. Typically it uses either in 8 – bit or
4 – bit parallel surface to communicate with microcontrollers, that
means is one will connect either 8 data lines or 4 data lines along
with control lines with the microcontroller. The LCD 1602 has
often a HD44780 controller IC, which manages the display
operation and character generation.
GSM Module with SIM
GSM Module with SIM. GSM (or Global System for Mobile
communication) can receive data from radiation monitoring
devices and send it as SMS to a host server. It plays a crucial role
in the communication between the devices and the GSM network.
It is responsible for establishing and maintaining the
communication between the device and the network.
Procedures:
- Determine your energy needs to decide on the number and
type of panels, ensure the site has enough sunlight without
obstructions, and connect each panel using the proper wiring
for your configuration (series or parallel) to optimize output.
- Ensure the panels are positioned correctly to receive optimal
sunlight. Connect them to the solar charge controller’s “Solar
Input” terminals. Connect the battery to the charge
controller’s “Battery” terminals. Make sure to match the
polarity (positive to positive, negative to negative).
- Check for any visible signs of damage or defects. Make sure
there’s no corrosion, swelling, or leaking. Connect the
battery pack to a compatible charger and fully charge it
before initial use. Ensure the battery pack is properly
connected to the device it’s powering.
- For DC Voltage Regulator, check the input voltage to ensure
it matches the requirements of the DC Voltage Regulator. For
adjustable regulators, set the output