V SEMESTER PAPER V QUESTION BANK

28/12/2023
MATDSCT 5.1 - Advanced Algebra and Vector Calculus
Unit-I:
Normal Subgroups
Normal subgroups - examples - Quotient group - Homomorphism and
isomorphism of groups - Kernel and range of a homomorphism - normality of
the Kernel - Fundamental theorem of homomorphism - properties related to
isomorphism - Cayley’s theorem.
2 mark questions
1. Define normal subgroup.
2. Show that H={1,-1} is a normal subgroup of a group of G={1, -1, i. -i}
w r t multiplication.
3. Define quotient group.
4. Show that quotient group of an abelian group is abelian.
5. Define homomorphism of groups.
6. Show that f : (R,+)  (R,+), defined by f(x)=2x  1is a homomorphism ,
7. Show that f : G  G, defined by f(x)=2 xis not a homomorphism , where G is
multiplicative group of non-zero real numbers.

5 mark questions

1. Show that a subgroup H of a group G is normal subgroup iff

gHg-1=H ∀g∈G.
2. Show that a subgroup H of a group G is a normal subgroup of
G iff every left coset of H in G is a right coset of H in G.
3. Show that a subgroup H of a group G is a normal subgroup of
G iff the product of two right cosets of H in G is again a right
coset of H in G.
4. Prove that the intersection of two normal subgroups of a group
is a normal subgroup.
5. If G is the set of all cosets of a normal subgroup H of a group
G and the binary operation is defined by 𝐻𝑎. 𝐻𝑏 = 𝐻𝑎𝑏, 
Ha,Hb ∈ G/H, show that G/H is a group.

6. If G is a group and H is a subgroup of index 2 in G then show

that H is normal subgroup of G.
 7. Let H and K be two normal subgroups of G such that H K  {e} ,
where is identity, show that for every h ∈ H and k ∈ K, hk = kh.
8. Prove that every factor group of a cyclic group is cyclic.
9. Define homomorphism and isomorphism of a group.
10. Show that f : G  G, defined by f(x)=cos x  i sin x is a homomorphism
and hence find kernel f.
11. Let G = {a + 2 b/a, b are real rationals}. Show that f : G  G,
defined by
f(a + 2 b)= a - 2 b is an isomorphism. Find kernel K.
12. If f: G→ G’ is a homomorphism of a group G into itself and H
is a cyclic subgroup of G then Prove that f(H) is also cyclic.
13. If f: G→ G’ be a homomorphism of a group G into G’ then
prove that kernel K is a normal subgroup of G.
14. State and prove Fundamental theorem of homomorphism.
15. Show that any infinite cyclic group is isomorphic to the group
of integers under addition.
16. State and prove Cayley’s theorem.

Unit-II:
Rings, Integral Domains, Fields

Rings, types of rings, properties of rings. Every field is an integral domain –

every finite integral domain is a field. Problems. Rings of integers modulo n –
subrings – Ideals, principal and maximal ideals – examples and standard
properties. Definition of homomorphism, isomorphism – properties. Quotient
rings -properties– Fundamental theorem of Homomorphism of Rings.

2 mark questions
1. Define kernel of a homomorphism.
2. In a ring (R, +, .) prove the following
(i) a.0  0.a  0a  R where 0 is the additive identity in R
(ii) a(b)  (a)b  (ab)a, b  R
(iii) (a)(b)  aba, b  R
(iv) a(b  c)  a.b  a.c and (b  c).a  b.a  c.aa, b, c  R .

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3. Define (a) subring (b) left ideal (c) right ideal.
𝑎 0
4. Show that the set 𝑆 = {( ) ∕ 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑅} is a sub ring of 𝑀2×2 (𝑅).
𝑏 𝑐
5. Show that the set 𝑆 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅⁄𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦𝑥 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑅} is a subring of 𝑅.
6. Define (i) homomorphism (ii) isomorphism.
7. Check whether 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is a
Homomorphism or not.
8. Check whether 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is a
Homomorphism or not.
9. Check whether 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is a
Homomorphism or not.
10. Check whether 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐶 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 + 𝑖 sin 𝑥 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is
a Homomorphism or not.
11. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅′ is a ring homomorphism then prove that 𝑓(0) = 0′
where 0 and 0’ are the zeros of 𝑅 and 𝑅′ respectively.
12. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅′ is a ring homomorphism then prove that
𝑓(−𝑎) = −𝑓(𝑎) ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝑅.
13. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅′ is a ring homomorphism with kernel 𝐾 then prove
that 𝑓 is one-one if and only if 𝐾 = {0}.

5 mark questions

 a b  
14. Show that the set of all matrices of the form M    / a, b  Q  is
 0 0  
a non-commutative ring without unity with respect addition
and multiplication of matrices.
15. Show that the set of all real numbers of the form a  b 2
where a and b are integers forms an integral domain.
16. Prove that every field is an integral domain. Is the converse
true? Justify your answer.
17. If R is a ring such that a2  aa  R. Prove that
(i) a  a  0a  R i.e.,each element of R is its own additive inverse.
(ii) a  b  0  0 a  b .
(iii)R is a commutative ring.

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18. The ring (Zn , n , n ) is an integral domain if and only if n is a
prime number.
19. Prove that the set 𝑆 = {0,1,2,3,4,5} is a ring with respect to
addition modulo 6 and multiplication modulo 6.
20. If 𝑝 is an integer then prove that 𝑝𝑍 is a maximal ideal of
(𝑍, +,∙) if and only if 𝑝 is prime.
21. Find all the principal ideals of the ring 𝑅 = {0,1,2,3,4,5} with
respect to addition and multiplication modulo 6.
22. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅′ is a ring homomorphism with kernel 𝐾 then prove
that 𝑓(𝑅) is an homomorphic to factor ring 𝑅/𝐾.

Unit-III:
Geometry of Space Curves –Multiple product – scalar triple product, vector
triple product, geometrical interpretation, related problems, vector function of a
scalar variable – interpretation as a space curve, derivative, tangent, normal
and binormal vectors to a space curve, Curvature and Torsion of a space curve-
definitions, derivation and problems, Serret-Frenet formulae.

2 mark questions

1. If 𝑎⃗ is differentiable vector function of a scalar 𝑡 and if |𝑎⃗| = 𝑎 then

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑𝑎 2 𝑑𝑎
prove that = 2𝑎 .
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2. If 𝑎⃗ is differentiable vector function of a scalar 𝑡 and if |𝑎⃗| = 𝑎 then
𝑑𝑎⃗⃗ 𝑑𝑎
prove that 𝑎⃗ ∙ =𝑎 .
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑐𝑡 2
𝑑 𝑟⃗ 2𝑐
3. If 𝑟⃗ = 𝑎⃗ sin 𝜔𝑡 + 𝑏⃗⃗ cos 𝜔𝑡 + sin 𝜔𝑡 prove that 2 + 𝜔2 𝑟⃗ = cos 𝜔𝑡.
𝜔 𝑑𝑡 𝜔
4. Define a space curve.
5. Define ordinary point.
6. Define smooth curves.
7. Define unit tangent vector to a space curve.
8. Define principal normal vector to a space curve.
9. Define curvature and the radius of curvature of a space curve.
10. Define unit tangent vector and principal normal to the curve.
11. Define the binormal vector for the curve.

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12. Prove that the condition for the surface to be a straight line is
that curvature 𝜅 = 0 at all points.
13. Define torsion and the radius of torsion of a space curve.
14. State Serret – Frenet Formulae.
15. Define Darboux vector.
𝑑𝑟⃗ 𝑑𝑟⃗
16. If 𝑟⃗ = 𝑡𝑖̂ − 𝑡 2 𝑗̂ + sin 𝑡 𝑘̂, find and | |.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
5 mark questions
𝑑𝑎⃗⃗ 𝑑𝑎⃗⃗
17. 𝑎⃗ is of constant magnitude if and only if 𝑎⃗ ∙ = 0 (𝑂𝑅 𝑎⃗ ⊥𝑟 ).
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑓⃗
18. 𝑓⃗ has constant direction if and only if 𝑓⃗ × = 0.
𝑑𝑡
2
19. Given the curve 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑡 3 , 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 1 find
3

(i) unit tangent vector 𝑡̂ (ii) Principal normal 𝑛̂ (iii) Binormal 𝑏̂ .

20. State and prove Serret – Frenet Formulae.
21. ⃗⃗ = 𝑡𝑖̂ + 2𝑡 2 𝑘̂, 𝑣
If 𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑡 3 𝑗̂ + 𝑡𝑘̂, 𝑤
⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑡𝑗̂ + 𝑡 2 𝑘̂ then find
⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝑣
𝑑(𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗) ⃗⃗ x (𝑣
𝑑[ 𝑢 ⃗⃗ x 𝑤
⃗⃗⃗)]
(i) (ii)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑎
22. For the curve 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑏𝑡 , show that 𝜅 =
𝑎2 +𝑏2
𝑏
and 𝜏 = .
𝑎2 +𝑏2
23. Find the unit tangent vector, principal normal and binormal
for the curve 𝑥 = 𝑢, 𝑦 = 𝑢2 , 𝑧 = 𝑢3 at 𝑢 = 1.
𝑡3 𝑡3
24. Given the curve 𝑥 = 𝑡 − , 𝑦 = 𝑡 2, 𝑧 = 𝑡 + , show that the
3 3
curvature is same as torsion.
25. For the curve 𝑟⃗ = 3 cos 𝑡 𝑖̂ + 3 sin 𝑡 𝑗̂ + 4𝑡𝑘̂ find 𝑡̂, 𝑛̂, 𝑏̂, 𝜅 and 𝜏 all
at 𝑡 = 𝜋.
26. Find the angle between unit tangent vectors drawn to the
curve 𝑟⃗ = 𝑡 2 𝑖̂ + 2𝑡𝑗̂ − 𝑡 3 𝑘̂ at the points at 𝑡 = 1 & 𝑡 = −1.
2
27. Given the curve 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑡 3 , show that 𝜅 = 𝜏.
3
28. For the curve 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑢 , 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 −𝑢 , 𝑧 = √2𝑎𝑢, show that 𝜅 = −𝜏.

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 Unit-IV:
Differential Calculus of Scalar and Vector Fields

Scalar field – gradient of a scalar field, geometrical meaning – directional

derivative – maximum directional derivative – angle between two surfaces.
Vector field – divergence and curl of a vector field – solenoidal and irrotational -
scalar and vector potentials – Laplacian of a scalar field – vector identities.
Standard properties, Harmonic functions, problems.
2 mark questions
1. Find the unit normal vector to the following surfaces

(i) x2  y 2  z  2 at (1,1,1)
(ii) ( x 1)  y  ( z  2)  9 at (3,1, 4)
2 2 2

2. Show that the vector F  ( x  3 y)iˆ  ( y  3z) ˆj  ( x  2 z)kˆ is solenoidal.

3. Show that curl(grad  )=0
4. If a is a constant vector, show that curl ( r × a ) = −2𝑎.
5. Prove that grad  is irrotational and curl F is solenoidal.
6. If   x2  y2  4z show that 2  0 .
7. Show that the vector F  (6 xy  z 3 )iˆ  (3x 2  z ) ˆj  (3xz 2  y)kˆ is irrotational.
8. Prove the following:

9. Show that

5 mark questions

10. Show that r n  nr n2r where r  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ

2
11. If f  2 xiˆ  3 yjˆ  4 zkˆ and   xy 2 z3 find f . and  f .

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   1  3
12. Show that div r  3    4 .
  r  r
13. If F  ( x  y  az )iˆ  (bx  2 y  z ) ˆj  ( x  cy  2 z )kˆ , find a,b,c, such that F is
irrotational, then find  such that F   .
2
14. Show that  2 f (r )  f (r )  f (r ) where r 2  x2  y 2  z 2 .
r
15. If r  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ and r  r show that 2 (r n1 )  (n  1)(n  2)r n1 . Hence

deduce that  2    0 .
1
r
16. Find the constants a,b,c so that the vector
F  ( x  2 y  az )iˆ  (bx  3 y  z ) ˆj  (4 x  cy  2 z )kˆ is irrotational.

17. If the vector F  (ax  3 y  4 z )iˆ  ( x  2 y  3z ) ˆj  (3x  2 y  z )kˆ is solenoidal,

then find the constant a.
18. If r  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ then show that r n r is irrotational vector for any
value of n but is solenoidal only when 𝑛 = −3.
19. Prove the following identities:

20. If f  2 xiˆ  3 yjˆ  4 zkˆ , 𝑔⃗ = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑖̂ + 2𝑦𝑧𝑗̂ − cos 𝑥𝑧 𝑘̂ and   xy 2 z3 , find

𝑖) (𝑓⃗. ∇)𝜙 𝑖𝑖)(𝑓.
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ∇)𝑔⃗.

******

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