Adventist University of Central

Africa
FACULTY: Information Technology

DEPARTMENT: * Software Engineering

* Networking

* Information Management

COURSE NAME: Multivariable Calculus and differential

Equations

COURSE CODE: MATH8213 assignment

LECTURER NAME: HAKIZIMANA Theoneste

Group C

Semester: 1

Academic year: 2024-2025

DATE OF SUBMISSION:

TEAM 4

VENUE : Gishushu Campus

 TEAM MEMBERS
N0 NAMES ID SIGNATURE
1 Hirwa Yvan 25960
2 Barema Gael 26255
3 Himbaza Nshuti Edisthon 26495
4 Gisa Miguel 27332
5 Kubwayo Elyse Mireille 26490
6 Ishimwe Aurore Nadine 26420
7 Dushime Souvenir Providence 26766
8 Bajiji Borah 26596
9 Shema Fahd 27456
10 Nkuranga James 26285
11 Mucyo Emmanuel 26236
12 Mutabazi Bernald 26232
13 Umwali Dusenge Evelyne 26642
14 Mukundete Gloria 26687
15 Ingabire Ngayaberura Kevine 26650
16 Akaliza M. Racia 26628
17 Umuganwa Lina 26644
18 Kabera Salomon 25538
19 Uwimbabazi Jeanette 25575
20 Bechir Ahmat 25952
21 Mupenzi Serge 25181
22 Umubyeyi Christa 25592
23 Sugi Samantha Madalina 26536
24 Icyeza Kundwa Gloire Nelly 26743
25 Nshuti Aimable 24854
26 Manou Mukendi 25712

GROUP LEADER: HIRWA Yvan

SECRETARY: ISHIMWE Aurore Nadine
Q1. Consider the triangle with vertices A(-2,1), B(3,1),C(1,5)
Find:
a) EQUATIONS OF THE LINE AC
Formula and calculations
1. AC : ⃗
V =⃗
OA + ⃗
AC (Vector equation)

−2
( ) ()
3
2. AC= 1 + λ 4 (parametric equation), where λ is a real parametric

x+2 y−1
3. 3 = 4 (canonical/ symmetric equation)

4. 4 x+ 8=3 y−3
=4 x−3 y +11=0 (analytical implicit)
4 11
5. y= 3 x + 3 (analytical explicit)

6.√ A 2 + B2=√ 4 2+ 32=± 5

Divide both side by -5
4 3 11
≡ −5 x− −5 y + −5 =0

−4 3 11
≡ 5 x + 5 y− 5 =0

−4 cosα∧3
Where 5 = 5
=sinα

11
≡ xcosα + ysinα − 5 =0 (normal Hess equation)

[Link] x=r cos θ∧ y=r sinθ

11
This will give, rcosθcosα +rsinθsinα− 5 =0

11
=rcos ( θ−α )= 5

11
= r= 5 (polar equation)
cos ⁡(θ−α )
X Y
[Link] : a + b =1
AC ηox= p(a , 0)
AC ηoy= p (0 , b)

{
4 11
y = x+
AC ηox : 3 3;
y =0

4 11 −11
≡ 3 x+ 3 =0=x= 4

−11
AC ηox= p( 4 , 0);

{
4 11
y= x+
AC ηoy : 3 3
x=0

11
: y= 3

11
AC roy= p(0 , 3 )

X Y
AC : + =1
−11 11 (intercept form equation)
4 3

B) find the perimeter, area, centroid, altitude, circumcenter and incenter .

Formula and calculations
[Link]

P=(‖⃗
AB‖+‖⃗ BC‖) LU
AC ‖+‖⃗

Where ‖⃗
AB‖= √ (x b−x a)2 +¿ ¿

‖⃗
AB‖= √(3+2)2+(1−1)2=5LU

And ‖⃗
AC‖=√ ( x c −x a )2+¿ ¿

‖⃗
AC‖=√ (1+2)2+ ¿ ¿LU

And ‖⃗
BC‖=√ (x c −x b )2 +¿ ¿

‖⃗
BC‖=√(1−3)2 +¿ ¿LU

So, P=( 5+5+2 √5 ) LU

P=¿)LU

2. AREA
 | |
−2 1 1
1
A= A .V 3 1 1 SqU
2
1 5 1

1
≡A= 2 A . V (−2+1+15−1+10−3)SqU

1
≡ A= 2 ( 20 )

A¿ 10 SqU
3. CENTROID

Centroid (G) ( x + x3 + x , y + y3 + y )
1 2 3 1 2 3

G ( −2+3+1
3
,
3 )
1+1+5

2 7
G( 3 , 3 )

4. Othocenter

|( || |)
y1 y 12 + x 2 x 3 1 x 12 + y 2 y3 x1 1
2 2
y2 y2 + x1 x3 1 x 2 + y 1 y3 x2 1
H 2 2
y3 y3 + X 1 x2 1 x3 + y1 y2 x3 1
,
2. SABC 2. SABC

(| || |)
1 12+(3∗1) 1 (−2)2+ 1∗5 −2 1
1 12+(−2∗1) 1 2
3 +1∗5 3 1
= 2 2
5 5 +(−2∗3) 1 1 +1∗1 1 1
,
2.10 2.10

H( 1 , 2
5
)
[Link]

|( || |)
x 12 +Y 12 y1 1 x1 y 12 + x 12 1
x 22 + y 22 y2 1 x2 y 22 + x 22 1
O
x 32 + y 32 y3 1 x3 y 32 + x 32 1
,
4. SABC 4. SABC
 (| || |)
(−2 )2 +12 1 1 −2 12 + (−2 )
2
1
32 +12 1 1 3 12 +32 1
= 2 2
1 +5 5 1 1 5 2+12 1
,
4.10 4.10

(1 9)
O 2,4

6. Incenter

(
I
a x 1+ b x2 + c x 3 a y 1 +b y 2 +c y 3
a+b +c
,
a+b+ c )
Where a=2√ 5, b=5, c=5

≡ ( 2 √ 5 (−2 ) +5 ( 3 ) +5 ( 1 ) 2 √ 5 (1 )+5 ( 1 ) +5 ( 5 )
5+ 2 √ 5+5
,
5+2 √ 5+5 )
I
( 20−4 √ 5 2 √ 5+ 30
,
10+2 √ 5 10+2 √ 5 )
I
( 10−2 5+ √5 )
√5 , √5+15
5+ √5

[Link] the canonical equation of the median, altitude, angle bisector line from the
vertex B
a) 1. Equation of median ( M b )
V =⃗
Mb ≡ B B :⃗ OB + λ ⃗
'
BB'

Midpoint of A and C

B' = ( x +2 x , y +2 y )
A C A C

B' ( −2+1
2
,
2 )
1+5

B( , 3)
' −1
2

2
And BB'= y − y
2
3

1
( x −x
)
 ( )
−1
' −3
BB = 2
3−1

( )
−7
BB' 2
2

[ ]
−7
SO; M b= [][]
x
y
3
= +λ 2
1
2

x−3 y−1
M b= =
−7 2 Canonical equation
2

2. Equation of orthocenter:
4 11 4 11
AS; AC : y= 3 x + 3 where k 1= 3 , m1= 3

−3
So, h b= y= 4 x +m2 , for h b=(3 , 1)

−3
1= (3 )+ m 2
4
9
m2=1+
4
13
m 2=
4

SO
−3 13
h b= y= x+
4 4

3. Angle bisector l b

l b= y−1=± ( x−3 ) =
{ l b= y−1=x−3
l b = y−1=− x+3

angle bisector
l b= y=−x+ 4

d) Calculate the length of the median, altitude, angle bisector

Formula and calculation
1. Length of median
1
M a=
2
√ 2 ( b2 +c 2 )−a2
1
¿
2
√
2 ( 5 +5 ) −( 2 √ 5 )
2 2 2

M a=2 √ 5 lu
1
M b=
2
√ 2 ( a +c ) −b
2 2 2

¿
1
2
√2 ( (2 √ 5) +5 ) −5
2 2 2

M b=
√ 65 lu
2
1
M c=
2
√ 2 ( a2 +b2 ) −c 2
¿
1
2
√
2 ( ( 2 √ 5 ) +5 ) −5
2 2 2

M c= √
65
lu
2

2. length of altitude
2 SABC
h a=
a
20
¿ h a=
2 √5
h a=2 √ 5 lu
2 SABC
:h b= B
20
h b=
5
h b=4 lu
2 SABC
:h c= c
20
h c=
5
h c=4 lu
3. length of angle bisector
1
:l a= b+ c √ bc [ ( b+ c ) −a ]
2 2

l a=
1
10
√25 [ ( 10 ) −( 2 √5 ) ]
2 2

l a=2 √ 5 lu
 1
: Lb= a+ c √ ac [ ( a+c ) −b ]
2 2

Lb =
1
2 √5+ 5
√10 √5 [ ( 2 √ 5+5 ) −5 ]
2 2

l b= √
5000+200 √ 5
2 √ 5+ 5
l b= √
10 50 +2 √ 5
lu
2 √ 5+5

1
: Lc = a+b √ ab [ ( a+ b ) −c ]
2 2

lc =
1
2 √ 5+5
√10 √ 5 [ ( 2 √ 5+ 5 ) −5 ]
2 2

lc = √
5000+ 200 √ 5
2 √ 5+5
lc = √
10 50+2 √ 5
lu
2 √ 5+5

e) equation of circumcircle and incircle

[Link] of circumcircle
2 2 2 abc
:┌ =( x−x 0 ) + ( y− y 0) =R where R= 4 SABC

5.5 .2 √ 5
R=
4.10
5 √5
R=
4
2 2 125
:┌ =( x−3 ) + ( y−1 ) = 16

2. Equation of Incircle
2 2 2
:┌ =( x−I x ) + ( y−I y ) =r
2 SABC
r=
a+b+ c
2∗10
5+5+2 √ 5
10
r=
5+ √5
 ( )( ) ( )
2 2
10−2 √ 5 √5+15 = 10 2
:┌ ≡ x− + y−
5+ √ 5 5+ √ 5 5+ √ 5

f) evaluate the perimeter and area of the circumcircle and in circle

formula and calculation
A) CIRCUMCIRCLE
[Link]
Perimeter=2 πR

¿ 2×( 5 √5
4
π LU )
5 √5
P= π LU
2

2. AREA
2
AREA=π R

( )
2
5 √5
¿ π sqU
4
125
A= π SqU
16

B)INCIRCLE
[Link]
Perimeter=2 πr

(
¿ 2×
10
5+ √ 5
π lU
)
20
¿ π lU
5+ √5

2. AREA
2
Area=π r

¿ ( 10 2
5+ √5
π SqU )
100
¿ π SqU
25+10 √ 5+ 5
10
A= π SqU
3+ √5
G) use 2D-Geogebra and plot the triangle with incircle and circumcircle

Q2. Consider the tetrahedron with vertices: A(1,2,3), B(5,0,7), C(3,4,2),D(-2,8,9)

a) Evaluate the area and perimeter
1. PERIMETER
p ABC =(‖⃗
AB‖+‖⃗ BC ‖) LU
AC ‖+‖⃗

( )( )
5−1 4
Where ⃗
AB= 0−2 = −2
7−3 4

( )( )
3−1 2
⃗
AC = 4−2 = 2
2−3 −1

( )( )
3−5 −2
⃗
BC = 4−2 = 4
2−7 −5
P ABC =( √ ( 4 ) + (−2 ) + ( 4 ) + √ ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) + (−1 ) + √ (−2 ) + ( 4 ) + (−5 ) ) LU
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

P ABC =( 6+ 3+3 √ 5 ) LU ≡ P ABC =9+3 √ 5 LU

2. AREA
1 ⃗ ⃗
S ABC =
2
‖[ AB , AC ]‖

| |
⃗i ⃗j ⃗k
1
S ABC = A . V 4 −2 4 SqU
2
2 2 −1

S ABC = √
324
SU
2
S ABC =9 SU
 b) Length of median and altitude from vertex A
1. Media
1
M a=
2
√ 2 ( b2 +c 2 )−a2 where a=6, b=3, c=3√ 5
1
2
√
M a= 2 ( 3 +(3 √ 5) ) −6
2 2 2

M a=3 √ 2 lU
2. Altitude
h A =d ( A ( 1 ,2 , 3 ) , BCD )
WHERE BCD=⃗ V =⃗
OB +α ⃗
BC + β ⃗
BD

( )( )
3−5 −2
WHERE ⃗
BC = 4−0 = 4
2−7 −5

( )( )
−2−5 −7
⃗
BD= 8−0 = 8
9−7 2

() () ( ) ( )
x 5 −2 −7
BCD= y = 0 +α 4 + β 8
z 7 −5 2

| |
x−5 y z−7
¿ −2 4 −5
−7 8 2

()
48
¿ 48 x +39 y +12 z −324=0⃗N BCD = 39
12
| Ax+ By+Cz−D|
hA=
‖⃗
OA‖
|48 (1)+39 (2)+12(3)−324| 162
hA= LU = LU
√1 +2 +3
2 2 2
√14

c) Volume
1
:V = 6 |det (⃗
AB , ⃗ BC )|CU
AC , ⃗

| |
4 −2 4
1 1
:V ≡ 6 2 2 −1 CU = 6 ( 48−6 +48+24 +24+ 24 ) CU
−3 6 6
:V =27 CU

TOTAL SURFACE AREA

 TSA=S ABC +S ABD +S ACD + S BCD
Where S ABC =9 SQU

‖ ‖
⃗i ⃗j ⃗k
1
S ABD= 4 −2 4 SqU
2
−3 6 6

1
¿
2
‖( −36 ⃗i−36 ⃗j+18 ⃗k )‖ SqU
S ABD=27 SQU

S ACD =
1
2 ‖ i⃗ ⃗j ⃗k
2 2 −1 SqU
−3 6 6
‖
1
¿
2
‖( 18 i⃗ −9 ⃗j+18 ⃗k )‖ SqU
27
S ACD = SQU
2

‖ ‖
⃗i ⃗j ⃗k
1
S BCD= −2 4 −5 SqU
2
−7 8 2

1
¿
2
‖( 48 ⃗i+ 39 ⃗j+ 12 ⃗k )‖ SqU
63
S BCD= SQU
2

TSA= 9+27+ ( 27 63
+
2 2
SQU)
TSA=81 squ

d) Equation of the length of altitude from vertex A

[]
x
h A =⃗
V = y =⃗
OA + λ ⃗
N BCD
z

N BCD =[ ⃗
⃗ BD ]
BC , ⃗

| |
i⃗ ⃗j ⃗k
⃗
N BCD = −2 4 −5 =40 ⃗i +39 ⃗j+12 k⃗
−7 8 2
 [][] [ ]
x 1 40
h A = y = 2 + λ 39
z 3 12

x−1 y−2 z −3
hA= = =
40 39 12

e) Angle between edge AD and face ABC

Let the angle be θ
sin θ=¿⃗
N ABC , ⃗
V AD > ¿ ¿
So
‖⃗
N ABC ‖V
⃗ ⃗‖AD‖

() () ()
−3 4 2
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
: V AD= 6 , AB= −2 , AC = 2
6 4 −1

i⃗
| k⃗
|
⃗j
N = [ AB , AC ] = 4 −2 4 =(−6 i⃗ +12 ⃗j+12 ⃗k )
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
2 2 −1

()
−6
⃗
: N = 12
12

(−6 ×−3 ) + ( 12× 6 ) + ( 12 ×6 )

sin θ=
√324 × √ 81
162
sin θ=
162
−1
θ=sin ( 1 )
0
θ=90
f) d ( A , B , C , D )=?
:d ( A , B , C , D )=¿¿
¿

| |
i⃗ ⃗j ⃗k
: ‖[ BC , AD ]‖≡ −3 6 6 =−54 i⃗ −27 ⃗j+ 0 ⃗k =27 √ 5
−2 4 −5

So d ( A , B , C , D )= LU = × √ lu
162 6 5
27 √ 5 √ 5 √5
6 √5
d ( A , B , C , D )= lu
25
 g) S : x 2+ y 2+ z 2 +2 mx+2 ny +2 pz +q=0
:S ∋ A ≡ 1+ 4 +9+2 m+ 4 n+6 p +q=0
: S ∋ B ≡25+ 49+10 m+14 p+q=0
: S ∋C ≡9+16 +4 +6 m+8 n+ 4 p +q=0
: S ∋ D ≡ 4+ 64+81−4 m+16 n+ 18 p+ q=0

{
2 m+ 4 n+ 6 p +q=−14−−−−−−(1)
10 m+14 n+q=−74−−−−−−−(2)
≡ 6 m+8 n+ 4 p+q=−29−−−−−−(3)
−4 m+16 n+18 p+ q=−149−−−−(4)

Q3.
2 2
x y
a) + =1
25 9
2 2
x y
As we can see this equation is for an ellipse as 2
+ 2 =1
a b
Where a=5 and b=3
I. Parametric equation

{x=a cos t x=5 cos t

=
y =b sin t y=3 sin t
II. Let find c
As a 2−c 2=b 2 ,
So c 2=a2−b 2
2 2 2
c =5 −3
c= √ 16
c=4
 ii) let find the foci
F 1, 2 ( ± c , 0 )
F 1, 2 ( ± 4 , 0 )
iii) center
O(0 , 0)
iv) major axis and minor axis
1. Major axis
A1 , 2 ( ± a , 0 )
A1 , 2 ( ± 5 , 0 )

2. Minor axis
B1 ,2 ( 0 ,± b )
B1 ,2 ( 0 ,± 3 )
v) Let find the eccentricity
c
e=
a
4
e=
5
vi) Latus rectum
2
b
p=
a
9
p=
5
vii) Polar equation
p
r=
1 ± e cos θ
9
5
r=
4
1 ± cos θ
5
9
r=
5 ± 4 cos θ
viii) Directrix
2
a
d 1 ,2 : x=±
c
25
d 1 ,2 : x=±
4
ix) Focal radii
r 1 , 2=a ± cx
r 1 , 2=5 ± 4 x
2 2
x y
b) − =1
36 64
 2 2
x y
As we can see this equation is for a Hyperbola as 2 − 2 =1
a b

Where a=6 and b=8

I. Analytical explicit
b
H: y=± a √ x −a
2 2

8
H: y=± 6 √ x −36
2

III. Parametric equation

{x=a c h t x=6 c h t
=
y=bs h t y=8 s h t

{
t −t
e +e
cht=
2
WHERE
e −e−t
t
sht=
2

{ ( ) ( )
6 1 1
x= t + =3 t +
2 t t
8
( ) ( )
1
y= t− =4 t−
2 t
1
t
IV. Let find c
2 2 2
c =a + b
2 2 2
c =6 + 8
c= √100
c=10
ii) let find the foci
F 1, 2 ( ± c , 0 )
F 1, 2 ( ± 10 , 0 )
iii) center
O(0 , 0)
iv) VERTICES
Major axis
A1 , 2 ( ± a , 0 )
A1 , 2 ( ± 5 , 0 )

Minor axis
B1 ,2 ( 0 ,± b )
B1 ,2 ( 0 ,± 3 )
w) Let find the eccentricity
c
e=
a
 10 5
e= =
6 3
x) Latus rectum
2
2b
p=
a
64
p=
3
xi) Polar equation
p
r=
1 ± e cos θ
64
3
r=
5
1 ± cos θ
3
64
r=
3 ± 4 cos θ
xii) Directrix
2
a
d 1 ,2 : x=±
c
36
d 1 ,2 : x=±
10
xiii) Focal radii
r 1 , 2=cx ± a
r 1 , 2=10 x ± 6

c) y 2=4 x
As we can see this equation is for a Parabola as y 2=2 px
Where a=4 and b=1
I) Parametric equation

{
t2
x=
2p
y=t
II) VERTICES
O(0 , 0)
III) LATUS RECTUM
2
b
p=
a
1
p=
4
IV) FOCI

(
f ±
p
2
,0 )
 ( 1
f ± ,0
8 )
v) Directrix
p
d 1 ,2 : x=±
2
1
d 1 ,2 : x=±
8
2 2
x y
d) + =1
16 25
2 2
x y
As we can see this equation is for an ellipse as 2 + 2 =1
a b
Where a=4 and b=5
V. Parametric equation

{x=a cos t x=4 cos t

=
y =b sin t y =5 sint
VI. Let find c
As a 2−c 2=b 2 ,
So c 2=a2−b 2
2 2 2
c =4 −5
2
c =−9
Multiply both sides by -1
−c=±3=c=± 3
ii) let find the foci
F 1, 2 ( ± c , 0 )
F 1, 2 ( ± 3 , 0 )
iii) center
O(0 , 0)
iv) major axis and minor axis
3. Major axis
A1 , 2 ( ± a , 0 )
A1 , 2 ( ± 4 ,0 )

4. Minor axis
B1 ,2 ( 0 ,± b )
B1 ,2 ( 0 ,± 5 )
x) Let find the eccentricity
c
e=
a
3
e=
4
xiv) Latus rectum
 2
b
p=
a
25
p=
4
xv) Polar equation
p
r=
1 ± e cos θ
25
4
r=
3
1 ± cos θ
4
25
r=
4 ± 3 cos θ
xvi) Directrix
2
a
d 1 ,2 : x=±
c
16
d 1 ,2 : x=±
3
xvii) Focal radii
r 1 , 2=a ± cx
r 1 , 2=4 ± 3 x
2 2
x y
e) − =−1
36 64
2 2
x y
As we can see this equation is for a Hyperbola as 2 − 2 =−1
a b

Where a=6 and b=8

II. Analytical explicit
b
H: y=± a √ x −a
2 2

8
H: y=± 6 √ x −36
2

VII. Parametric equation

{x=a c h t x=6 c h t
=
y=bs h t y=8 s h t

{
t −t
e +e
cht=
2
WHERE
e −e−t
t
sht=
2

{ ( ) ( )
6 1 1
x= t + =3 t +
2 t t
8
( ) ( )
1
y= t− =4 t−
2 t
1
t
VIII. Let find c
 2 2 2
c =a + b
2 2 2
c =6 + 8
c= √100
c=± 10
ii) let find the foci
F 1, 2 ( ± c , 0 )
F 1, 2 ( ± 10 , 0 )
iii) center
O(0 , 0)
iv) VERTICES
Major axis
A1 , 2 ( ± a , 0 )
A1 , 2 ( ± 6 , 0 )

Minor axis
B1 ,2 ( 0 ,± b )
B1 ,2 ( 0 ,± 8 )
y) Let find the eccentricity
c
e=
a
10 5
e= =
6 3
xviii) Latus rectum
2
2b
p=
a
64
p=
3
xix) Polar equation
p
r=
1 ± e cos θ
64
3
r=
5
1 ± cos θ
3
64
r=
3 ± 4 cos θ
xx) Directrix
2
a
d 1 ,2 : x=±
c
36 18
d 1 ,2 : x=± =x=±
10 5
xxi) Focal radii
r 1 , 2=cx ± a
 r 1 , 2=10 x ± 6

f) x 2=2 y
2
x=4 y
¿ x=± √ 4 y 2
¿ x=± 2 y
V) Parametric equation

{
x=t
t since p=1
2
y=
2
VI) VERTICES
O(0 , 0)

VII) FOCI

(
f ±
p
2
,0 )
( 1
f ± ,0
2 )
VIII) Directrix
p
d 1 ,2 : x=±
2
1
d 1 ,2 : x=±
2

IX) Polar equation

p
r 2=
1 ± cos θ
1
r 2=
1 ± cos θ

Summary table