Self-Check Quiz

Social Structure and Society

Lesson 1: Social Structure and Status

[Link] is the most important role of social structure?

[Link] structure helps people relate to, and interact with, one another.

[Link] structure lets people know what group they should belong to.

[Link] structure encourages people to live in groups.

[Link] structure shows people how to be individuals.

[Link] of the following best describes status?

A.a label used to describe another person

[Link] role a person plays in the workplace or industry

C.a position a person occupies within a social structure

[Link] formation of groups in a social structure

[Link] does ascribed status differ from achieved status?

[Link] choose their ascribed status.

[Link] status is assigned, rather than earned.

[Link] status always involves a higher position in the social structure.

[Link] status never happens to people automatically.

[Link] is social status hierarchical?

[Link] all statuses belong to the same social structure.

[Link] members of a group regard all social positions as equal.

[Link] status occurs when people choose to join a social group.

[Link] statuses have rankings; some are higher or lower than others.

[Link] does a status set include?

[Link] of the statuses a person occupies at any given time

[Link] of the individuals within a social structure

[Link] of the groups that make up a social hierarchy

[Link] of the statuses that are part of the social structure

[Link] of the following explains why the term "set" is used to describe status?
A.A person's status never fundamentally changes.

[Link] different statuses a person occupies are part of a network.

[Link] are born into the status they have.

[Link] status in a set is unique and unrelated to the others.

[Link] of the following is an example of an ascribed master status?

[Link] in school

B. family role

[Link] and sports teams

[Link]

[Link] an industrial society, what is the most common way to achieve master status?
[Link] getting older

[Link] having a particular ethnicity or race

[Link] being born a girl or a boy

[Link] choosing an occupation

[Link] do sociologists study social status?

[Link] status helps sociologists understand social structures.

[Link] want to understand why some statuses are ascribed.

[Link] status helps sociologists develop models of future social structures.

[Link] want to better understand the status of their profession.

[Link] of the following is one thing sociologists can learn by studying status?
[Link] some statuses are ascribed

[Link] some social structures have fewer statuses

[Link] humans relate to their environment

[Link] people with different statuses relate to one another

Lesson 2: Social Structure and Roles

[Link] of the following best describes rights?

[Link] treatment under the law

[Link] that all people share

[Link] that people expect from others

[Link] that people perform

[Link] do obligations differ from rights?

[Link] are not behaviors.

[Link] have obligations to others.

[Link] come from institutions.

[Link] do not involve expectations.

[Link] is the relationship between roles and status?

[Link] are behaviors linked to a particular status.

[Link] are forms of behavior.

[Link] describe status positions.

[Link] comes from roles.

[Link] of the following best describes role performance?

A.a script that all individuals follow in society

[Link] of the status positions an individual occupies

[Link] that occur with an audience

[Link] behavior of an individual in a role

[Link] happens in the process of social interaction?

[Link] change social roles.

[Link] influence one another.

[Link] occupy status positions.

[Link] lose their expectations.

[Link] are roles in real life similar to roles in plays?

[Link] are planned in advance.

[Link] follow a single script.

[Link] involve cues and responses.

[Link] involve predictable outcomes.

[Link] best describes the process of performing one's role in a social interaction?
[Link] and reaction to others are always involved.

[Link] are no limits to the performance of a role.

[Link] are always scripted.

[Link] interactions do not involve roles.

[Link] does role conflict occur?

[Link] rights conflict with obligations in a social structure

[Link] patterned relationships collide with role performance

[Link] confusion occurs in social interaction

[Link] there is a clash of various role expectations

[Link] of the following describes role strain?

[Link] trouble a person has balancing several statuses

[Link] meeting the many roles connected to a single status

C.a role that fails to establish patterned relationships

D.a break in the chain that links culture to social structure

[Link] is one way to manage role conflict and role strain?

[Link] more roles

[Link] incompatible roles

[Link] priorities

[Link] behavior in one role to another

Lesson 3: Preindustrial Societies

[Link] is one way that anthropologists classify societies?

[Link] the ability of a society to adapt to an environment
[Link] the historical time in which a society formed

[Link] how a society meets its basic needs

[Link] the basis of its cultural products

[Link] of the following is a characteristic of preindustrial societies?

[Link] are located in cities and towns.

[Link] can be independent and self-sufficient.

[Link] all involve hunting and gathering.

[Link] require ties with other societies.

[Link] do hunting and gathering societies move?

[Link] food supply changes with the seasons.

[Link] move so that their cattle can be brought to graze.

[Link] weather makes their crops die out.

[Link] move to stabilize social roles among members.

[Link] do hunting and gathering societies have little concept of private property?
[Link] lack the ability to protect surplus goods.

[Link] have abundant resources in the natural world.

[Link] have no system of currency to buy and sell goods.

[Link] must move from place to place as the food supply changes.

[Link] do horticultural societies survive?

[Link] growing and selling one crop to others

[Link] domesticating animals

[Link] using simple tools to grow plants

[Link] migrating to new pastoral lands

[Link] of the following best explains why horticultural societies developed a more complex
division of labor?
[Link] limited migration to only a few regions.

[Link] were able to produce surplus food.

[Link] no longer relied exclusively on hunting.

[Link] family was more basic to their survival.

[Link] is one consequence of the shift to more permanent settlements in horticultural

societies?
[Link] roles became less clearly defined.

[Link] was less social inequality.

[Link] lived in smaller groups.

[Link] grew larger.

[Link] is food obtained in a pastoral society?

[Link] raising animals

[Link] tending crops

[Link] hunting animals

[Link] fishing

[Link] do pastoral societies tend to be male dominated?

[Link] are responsible for building new settlements.

[Link] are responsible for hunting and fishing.

[Link] drive the herds while women remain at home.

[Link] societies have social inequality.

[Link] do agricultural societies differ from other preindustrial societies?
[Link] rely on natural resources to meet basic needs.

[Link] use plows and animals to farm larger areas.

[Link] learned to domesticate animals.

[Link] produce surplus food.

Lesson 4: Industrial and Postindustrial Societies

[Link] do industrial societies meet basic needs?

[Link] using science and technology

[Link] advanced agricultural methods

[Link] limiting migration to smaller regions

[Link] improvements in urban planning

[Link] of the following best describes the process of mechanization?

[Link] and more people worked with machines.

[Link] could be used to produce surplus crops.

[Link] replaced animal and human labor.

[Link] made it possible for people to travel more easily.

[Link] is urbanization a feature of industrial societies?

[Link] transportation meant that food could be sent from farms to cities.

[Link] could only be used in and around urban areas.

[Link] made it possible for people to live farther away from work.

[Link] machinery created surplus crops, so more people could move to cities.
[Link] does the concept of gemeinschaft differ from gesellschaft?
[Link] describes social relationships that are more competitive.

[Link] gemeinschaft, social relationships are more traditional and intimate.

[Link] describes relationships that are more impersonal.

[Link] is characterized by weaker family ties.

[Link] concept refers to a society where most people do the same type of work?
[Link] solidarity

[Link] solidarity

[Link] solidarity

[Link]

[Link] is the economic emphasis in postindustrial societies?

[Link] goods through manufacturing

B.a renewed focus on agriculture

[Link] urbanization and mechanization

[Link] services and information

[Link] is the key organizing feature of postindustrial societies?

[Link] industries

[Link] modeling

[Link] knowledge

[Link] collar jobs

[Link] of the following is an example of a white collar job?

[Link] worker
[Link] worker

[Link] worker

[Link]

[Link] feature of postindustrial societies helps people manage complex organizations?

[Link] modeling

[Link] industries

[Link] trades

[Link] institutions

[Link] historian believes that the transition to postindustrial society increases social instability.
Which of the following is a sign of social instability?
[Link] in the importance of the family

[Link] importance of the family

[Link] in blue-collar jobs

[Link] in white-collar jobs

Groups and Formal Organizations

Lesson 1: Primary and Secondary Groups

[Link] is one characteristic of groups?

[Link] are always small and informal.

[Link] tend to have insiders and outsiders.

[Link] avoid the creation of boundaries.

[Link] include as many people as possible.

[Link] of the following is an example of a social category?

[Link] school seniors

[Link] football team

C.a chess club

D.a movie audience

[Link] does a social aggregate form?

[Link] people who share a social characteristic meet

[Link] people who have a shared interest come together

[Link] people happen to be in the same place at the same time

[Link] people plan to work together towards a shared goal

[Link] do members of a primary group feel toward one another?

[Link] distant

[Link] and polite

[Link] and resentful

[Link] close

[Link] is one example of a primary relationship?

[Link] in a large office building

B.a person who visits a friend in a hospital

[Link] reading in a library

[Link] waiting at a bus stop

[Link] of the following helps primary groups develop?

[Link] groups of people

[Link] with unequal status

[Link] who are in face-to-face contact

[Link] who spend short periods of time together

[Link] is continuous contact an important condition for the formation of primary groups?
[Link] relationships take time to develop

[Link] need to recognize one another

[Link] groups take time to form

[Link] helps people work well together

[Link] is one important function of a primary group?

[Link] encourage the development of different statuses

[Link] teach independent thinking

[Link] encourage nonconformity

[Link] promote socialization

[Link] is a secondary group different from a primary group?

[Link] of a secondary group form close personal relationships.

[Link] of a secondary group work toward a common goal.

[Link] of a secondary group share every part of their lives.

[Link] of a secondary group socialize frequently.

[Link] does a primary relationship become a problem for a secondary group?

[Link] the secondary group grows too small to be effective

[Link] members of a secondary group focus too much on a goal

[Link] emotional relationships become more important than the task

[Link] members decide to leave the secondary group

Lesson 2: Other Groups and Networks

[Link] are reference groups used for?

[Link] learn what people in other groups know
[Link] find information about a research topic

[Link] evaluate ourselves and form identities

[Link] create a hierarchy of social groups

[Link] do reference groups help people form?

[Link] and beliefs

[Link] relationships

[Link] social bonds

[Link] skills

[Link] group excludes other people?

[Link]-group

[Link]-group

[Link] group

[Link] network

[Link] statement most accurately describes the relationship between in-groups and
out-groups?
[Link]-groups come before out-groups.

[Link] are completely separate from one another.

[Link]-groups occur before in-groups.

[Link] can't have one without the other.

[Link] is one common way members of in-groups identify one another?

[Link] using symbols, such as badges and clothing

[Link] attending the same school and class

[Link] sharing interests and goals

[Link] signing written agreements

[Link] do in-group members often feel toward the out-group?
[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link] is a social network?

[Link] those relationships that join a person to the community

[Link] of the relationships that join a person to other people and groups

[Link] those relationships that develop through the use of technology

[Link] of the links between groups in a social structure

[Link] do social networks differ from groups?

[Link] networks enable continuous and close contact among members.

[Link] a social network, members have a great sense of belonging.

[Link] networks establish more stable relationships.

[Link] networks lack rigid boundaries and close interaction.

[Link] relationships are part of a social network?

[Link] strong primary and weak secondary relationships

[Link] strong primary relationships

[Link] weak secondary relationships

[Link] primary nor secondary relationships

[Link] is one way social networks can help people?

[Link] making both in-groups and out-groups possible

[Link] creating a platform for stable relationships

[Link] providing support, help, and advice

[Link] providing a reference group to develop identity

Lesson 3: Types of Social Interaction

[Link] statement best describes cooperation?

[Link] for limited resources

[Link] together to reach a goal

[Link] relationships among members

[Link] goods and services

[Link] is an example of conflict?

[Link] to defeat an opponent

[Link] to produce peace

[Link] to share skills and resources

[Link] to solve problems

[Link] do people engage in a social exchange?

[Link] learn about others

[Link] reach a goal

[Link] get a reward

[Link] win a victory

[Link] does social exchange differ from cooperation?

[Link] social exchange the goal may be more important than the benefit.

[Link] cooperation the benefit may be more important than the goal.

[Link] social exchange the benefit may be more important than the goal.

[Link] cooperation there are only benefits, no goals.

[Link] type of interaction involves the use of force?

[Link] exchange
[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link] of the following relationships is an example of coercion?

[Link] and prisoners

[Link] on opposite sports teams

[Link] competing against each other for entrance into college

[Link] competing against each other in the Olympics

[Link] is conformity?
[Link] among members of a group

[Link] that matches group expectations

[Link] in social status within a group

[Link] of an individual to a group

[Link] does social life rely on conformity?

[Link] fosters creativity

[Link] creates predictability

[Link] enhances competition

[Link] fosters individuality

[Link] happens in groupthink?

[Link] interact with one another to generate ideas.

[Link] members join together to create solutions.

[Link] express their concerns about the group.

[Link] fail to express their concerns about group decisions.

[Link] statement is an expression of groupthink?

A."But everyone else is doing it!"
B."I don't think we should do that!"

C."Hold on. Let's talk this over!"

D."Why should we do that?"

Lesson 4: Formal Organizations

[Link] of the following is a formal organization?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link] club

[Link] are bureaucracies based on?

[Link] and efficiency

[Link] and sentiment

[Link] opinion

[Link] relationships

[Link] is labor structured in a bureaucracy?

[Link] tasks are performed by the same person.

[Link] person performs certain tasks.

[Link] person moves from one kind of task to another.

[Link] group is formed to perform all of the tasks.

[Link] of the following best represents a bureaucracy based on the structure of authority?
A.a circle

B.a horizontal line

C.a pyramid

D.a cube

[Link] is one advantage of a bureaucracy?

[Link] provides people with a more stable workplace.

[Link] makes it easier for people to get to know one another.

[Link] ensures that everyone receives a promotion.

[Link] provides social benefits to everyone.

[Link] is one characteristic of a bureaucracy?

A.a structure of verbal commands

B.a non-hierarchical structure of authority

[Link] on the basis of personal characteristics

[Link] records of work and activities

[Link] do some bureaucracies have a dehumanizing effect?

[Link] rely on knowledge and reason.

[Link] are often large and impersonal.

[Link] exist in industrial regions.

[Link] are based on favoritism.

[Link] do informal organizations develop within formal ones?

[Link] organizations may ignore personal needs.

[Link] organizations require intimate relationships.

[Link] organizations are guided by norms and rituals.

[Link] organizations want to maximize efficiency.

[Link] of the following describes an oligarchy?

[Link] by the majority of people
[Link] by merit and achievement

[Link] by a powerful few

[Link] absence of governing rules

[Link] is the iron law of oligarchy?

[Link] tends to spread to many people over time.

[Link] power is the most effective form of rule.

[Link] older members of organizations gain absolute power.

[Link] tends to become concentrated in the hands of fewer and fewer people.