Curriculum Approaches
Module 7
Curriculum Approaches
► Curriculum approach is a way of dealing with curriculum,
ways of doing, creating, designing and thinking about it
► Curriculum practitioners and implementers may use one
or more approaches in planning, implementing and
evaluating the curriculum.
Behavioral Approach
► In education, behavioral approach begins with
educational plans that start with the setting of goals or
objectives. These are considered as important
ingredients in curriculum implementation as evaluating
the learning outcomes as a change of behavior. The
change in behavior indicates the measure of the
accomplishments.
Managerial Approach
► The principal is the curriculum leader and at the same time
instructional leader who is supposed to be the general manager. The
general manager sets the policies and priorities, establish the
direction of change and innovation, and planning and organizing
curriculum and instruction.
► School administrators are less concerned about the content than about
organization and implementation. They are less concerned about
subject matter, methods and materials than improving curriculum.
Curriculum manager look at curriculum changes and innovations as
they administer the resources and restructure the schools.
System Approach
► In the systems approach to curriculum, the parts of the
total school district or school are examined in terms of
how they relate to each other.
► The organizational chart of the school represents a
systems approach. It shows the line-staff relationships
of personnel and how decisions are made.
► To George Beauchamp, the system theory of education
see the following to be of equal importance are (1)
administration (2) counseling (3) curriculum (4)
instruction and (5) evaluation.
Humanistic Approach
► This approach is rooted in the progressive philosophy
and child-centered movement. The humanistic
approach considers the formal of planned curriculum
and the informal or hidden curriculum. It considers
the whole child and believes that in curriculum the
total development of the individual is the prime
consideration. The learner is at the center of the
curriculum.
WAYS OF APPROACHING A CURRICULUM
► 1. Curriculum as a content or body of knowledge to be
transmitted – refers to the body of knowledge taught
wherein students are expected to learn a given subject
like English, Filipino, Mathematics, Science or Social
Studies. Content knowledge generally refers to the facts,
concepts, theories and principles that are taught and
learned in specific academic courses, rather than to
related skills such as reading, writing or researching that
students also learn in schools.
WAYS OF APPROACHING A CURRICULUM
► 2. Curriculum as product – is expressed in form of
outcomes which are referred to as the achieved learning
outcomes.
► 3. Curriculum as a process – refers to what actually
happens in the classroom and what people do to prepare
and evaluate.
WAYS OF APPROACHING A CURRICULUM
► Curriculum as a process - Guiding Principles:
► Curriculum process in the form of teaching methods or strategies
are means to achieve the end.
► There is no single best process or method. Its effectiveness will
depend on the desired learning outcomes, the learners, support
materials and the teacher.
► Curriculum process should stimulate the learner’s desire to
develop the cognitive, effective, psychomotor domains in each
individual.
WAYS OF APPROACHING A CURRICULUM
► Curriculum as a process - Guiding Principles:
► In the choice of methods, learning and teaching styles should be
considered.
► Every method or process should result to learning outcomes
which can be described as cognitive, affective and psychomotor.
► Flexibility in the use of the process or methods should be
considered. An effective process will always result to learning
outcomes.
► Both teaching and learning are the two important processes in
the implementation of the curriculum.
WAYS OF APPROACHING A CURRICULUM
[Link] as a praxis – is an action which embodies
certain qualities. These include a commitment to human
well-being and the search for truth and respect for others.
It is the action of people who are free and are able to act
for themselves