Class Grade 9

Subject Science

Session 2023-24

Topics of Grade 7

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School Vision

BFIS envisages to provide accessible, affordable and

progressive educational environment that nurtures
passion for learning, desire for advancement and sense of
responsibility towards society.
School Mission

BFIS aims to develop knowledge, character and

interpersonal skills among the students, and transform
them into self-motivated ethical citizens, who contribute
positively and effectively towards shaping morally and
culturally progressing societies.
 School Values

BFIS strives to foster among its students:

 Compassion and Gratitude

 Confidence and Ambition
 Honesty and Humility
 Leadership and Determination
 Respect and Tolerance
 Muscle and Blood
• Human heart is a muscular organ.

• Heart has four chambers that fill with blood.

• Heart muscles can contract and relax.
• Control the flow of blood in and out of blood.

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 Arteries
• The heart pumps blood into the vessels are
called arteries.
Structure of Arteries
• The walls of arteries are thick and strong to
withstand with high blood pressure.

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 Capillaries
• Arteries lead to tiny blood vessel called
capillaries.
Structure of Capillaries
• Capillaries have very thin wall so that
nutrients and oxygen can leave the blood and
gets to cells in all tissues of the body.

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 Veins
• Veins are thin tube that carries blood back to
the heart.
Structure of Vein
• Veins are wider, thin-walled tube and more
flexible than capillaries.
• Blood has less pressure in veins.

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 Blood
• Blood is mainly liquid called plasma.
Types of blood cell
• Red blood cell
• White blood cell
• Platelets
Function of blood cell
• Nutrients and waste material are carried by
blood dissolved in plasma
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 RBCs & WBCs
RBCs
• Oxygen carrier
• Lack nuclei and cytoplasm contain haemoglobin.
• Disc shape having Large area.
• RBCs in bone called bone marrow.
WBCs
• To fight infections

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 7Da Variation
Habitat
• The place where an organism lives.
Species
• A group of organism that can reproduce with
each other to produce offsprings.
Variation
• The change in features.

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 7Da Variation
Inter-specific Variation

• Variation that exist between the species.

Intra-specific Variation

• Variation that exist between within a species.

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 7Da Variation
Continuous Variation
• Variations that can have any value between two
points.

Discontinuous Variation
• Variations that can only have a value from a
limited set of possible values

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 7Db Adpatations
The condition in a habitat are its environment.
• Physical Environment Factors
Light
Wind
Temperature
Physical factors are called abiotic factors.
• Adpatation

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 7Ec Evaporation
• Liquid changes to gas and escape into air.

• Evaporation happens at all temperature.

• Rate of evaporation increases as temperature

increases.

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 7Ec Salt
• Table salt is called sodium chloride and use in
food.

• sodium chloride is found in rocks called rock salt.

• Salt solution is called brine.

• If heat the solution, water evaporates and
leaving behind sodium chloride.

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 7Ec Boiling
• The temperature at which a liquid boils is called
boiling point.

• Boiling is when all liquid turns to gas and see

bubbles .
• Pure water boils at 100 oC.
• Ethanol boils at 78 oC.

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 7Fa Hazards
• Something that can cause harm.

• Acids and alkalis are corrosive in nature.

• Corrosive substances can damage living tissues.

• Acids and alkalis used in the laboratory are

diluted with water to make them less dangerous.
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 7Fa Hazards
• Something that can cause harm.

• Acids and alkalis are corrosive in nature.

• Corrosive substances can damage living tissues.

• Acids and alkalis used in the laboratory are

diluted with water to make them less dangerous.
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7Fa Hazards

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 7Gb Particles
Particle Model of Matter
• All matter is made up of tiny particles.

• The particles are moving all the time.

• Force of attraction holding the particles

together.

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 7Gb Particles
Strength of forces make different states of matter.

• Solids.

• Liquids

• Gas

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7Gb Particles

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 7Ha The Air We Breathe
Air is the mixture of gases.

• Nitrogen gas 78%

• Oxygen gas 21%

• Argon gas 0.9%

• Other gases 0.1% 24

 7Ha The Air We Breathe
The simplest particles of matter are called atoms.

• Argon gas is made up of argon atoms.

• The atoms are held together in groups called

molecules.

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 7Ha The Air We Breathe
• A substance made by one kind of atoms is called
element.

• If different kinds of atoms are combined

chemically called compounds.

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7Ha The Air We Breathe

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 7Ia Energy from food
All living things need energy.

• Human needs energy to grow and repair our

body and to move.

• Our bodies use food as source of energy.

• The unit of energy is Joule (J).

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 7Ia Energy from food
A balanced diet also provides all the nutrients that
the body needs for health and includes a mixture
of different food.

• Make a list of balanced diet food.

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 7Kb Springs
• Material can be stretched or compressed.

• The amount of stretch or compression in the

material depends on the type of material and
size of force.

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 7Kb Springs
• Springs are made up of coils of wire.
• The extension of a spring is the difference
between its original length and its stretched
length.

• The spring is elastic because it will return to its

original length when force is removed.

• Springs are made up of coils of wire.

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 7Kb Springs
• Hooke’s Law

• Materials that do not return to their original

shape when a force is removed (Plastic). It will
pass its elastic limit.

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 7Ke Balanced and Unbalanced
• Two forces acting on an object can also work
against each other if they are opposite in
directions.
• If the two forces are the same size, nothing will
change. The forces are balanced.

• If one force is stronger than other, something

start to move. The forces are unbalanced.

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7Ke Balanced and Unbalanced

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 7Lb Sounds
• Sound can travels through medium. It cannot
travel through a vacuum.
Example
• A vibrating loud speaker makes the air particles
close to it move backward and forwards

• These moving particles make neighbouring

particles move, and so the vibration spread out
through the air. The moving vibrations form a
sound wave. 35
 7Lb Sounds

• Sounds travels at different speeds in different

materials.

• The vibrations are passed more easily when the

particles are close together.

• That’s why sound travel faster in solids than

liquids.
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 7Lb Sounds
Sounds waves spread out in all directions.

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