Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti SET – 2

nd
2 Pre-Board Examination 2023-24

Marking Scheme cum Answer Key

Geography Theory (029)
Class XII

Source:
Book 1 – Fundamentals of Human Geography (NCERT 2022-23)
Book 2 – India People and Economy (NCERT 2022-23)

Section – A (Multiple Choice Questions)

1. (C.) Bihar
2. (a) Gas Authority of India Limited

3. With reference to which continent, George B. Creasy has said that “…….. has many
places where people are few and few place where people are very many.”
c) Asia (1 Mark)
Book 1, page no. 8

4. Which of the following created twin environmental problems for the Indira Gandhi
Canal Command area?
b) Water logging and soil salinity (1 Mark)
Book 2, page no. 110

5. High-tech industries which are regionally concentrated, self-sustained and highly

specialized are called?
b) Technopolies (1 Mark)
Book 1, page no. 53

6. Statement: For some societies, the physical environment assumes the form of
'Mother Nature'.
Reason: Human beings are directly dependent on natural resources for sustain
them.
c) Both statements are correct. Reason correctly explains statement. (1 Mark)
Book 1, page no. 3

7. Which of the following is not an example of Knowledge Processing Outsourcing

(KPO)?
c) Information based (1 Mark)
Book 1, page no. 56

8. Which one of the following is not a correct match?

d) Gold Collar – Quaternary Activity (1 Mark)
Book 1, page no. 62

9. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a periodic market?

d) Fixed location (1 Mark)
Book 1, page no. 57

10. (b) 15-29 years

11. Manikaran Geothermal Power Plant is located in which state?

(d) Himachal Pradesh (1 Mark)

 Book 2, page no. 83

12. (c) Indo – Aryan

13. Identify a major port on the basis of the following characteristics:

b) Kandla Port (1 Mark)
Book 2, page no. 128

14. Which statement(s) is/are correct regarding Indira Gandhi Canal?

d) Statements I and IV are correct. (1 Mark)
Book 2, page no. 110

15. (a) The Brahmaputra, Sadiya-Dhubri

16. (a) Kochchi

17. (d.) Basmati
Section –B
18.1 What type of pollution is faced by the people of Daurala?
Water pollution. (1 Mark)
18.2 What was the most important step taken as sustainable solution to the health
problem faced by the villagers?
Enhancement of water storage capacity. (1 Mark)
18.3 Which process led to contamination of ground water?
Leaching. (1 Mark)
Book 2, page no. 137
19.1 Which are the two tributaries of the Rhine Waterway?
Ruhr River, Mosel River, Neckar River (Any two name, ½ + ½ =1 mark)
19.2 Mention the economic importance of this waterway.
i) It flows through a rich coalfield and the whole basin has become a prosperous
manufacturing area.
ii) This waterway is the world’s most heavily used. Each year more than 20,000
ocean-going ships and 2,00,000 inland vessels exchange their cargoes.
iii) It connects the industrial areas of Switzerland, Germany, France, Belgium
and the Netherlands with the North Atlantic Sea Route.
(Any two points, ½ + ½ =1 mark)
19.3 From where to where is this waterway navigable?
It is navigable for 700 km from Rotterdam, at its mouth in the Netherlands to
Basel in Switzerland. (Rotterdam to Basel, ½ + ½ =1 mark)
Book 1, page no. 76

For Visually Impaired Students in lieu of Q. No. 19

19.1) Where does the Rhine waterway discharge its water?

North Sea (1 Mark)
19.2) From where to where is the Rhine Inland Waterway navigable?
(Rotterdam to Basel, ½ + ½ =1 mark)

19.3) What is the economic importance of the Rhine Inner Waterway?

i) It flows through a rich coalfield and the whole basin has become a prosperous
manufacturing area.
 ii) This waterway is the world’s most heavily used. Each year more than 20,000
ocean-going ships and 2,00,000 inland vessels exchange their cargoes.
iii) It connects the industrial areas of Switzerland, Germany, France, Belgium
and the Netherlands with the North Atlantic Sea Route.
(Any two points, ½ + ½ =1 mark)

20."In Geography, both physical and human phenomena are described as metaphors
using symbols from human anatomy." Explain the statement with examples.
i. Both physical and human phenomena are described in metaphors using
symbols from the human anatomy.
ii. We often talk of the ‘face’ of the earth, ‘eye’ of the storm, ‘mouth’ of the river,
‘snout’ (nose) of the glacier, ‘neck’ of the isthmus and ‘profile’ of the soil.
iii. Similarly regions, villages, towns have been described as ‘organisms’.
iv. German geographers describe the ‘state/country’ as a ‘living organism’.
v. Networks of road, railways and water ways have often been described as
“arteries of circulation”.
vi. Any other relevant point
(Any three points – 3 marks)
Book 1, page no. 1-2
OR
How does technology reduce environmental restrictions on humans?
i. Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of
technology.
ii. It is not important what human beings produce and create but it is extremely
important ‘with the help of what tools and techniques do they produce and
create’.
iii. Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human
beings were able to develop technology after they developed better
understanding of natural laws.
iv. For example, the understanding of concepts of friction and heat helped us
discover fire. Similarly, understanding of the secrets of DNA and genetics
enabled us to conquer many diseases.
v. We use the laws of aerodynamics to develop faster planes.
vi. Knowledge about Nature is extremely important to develop technology and
technology loosens the shackles of environment on human beings.
vii. Any other relevant point
(Any three points, 3 Marks)
Book 1, page no. 2

21. An urban agglomeration may consist of how many combinations?

An urban agglomeration may consist of any one of the following three

combinations:
(i) A town and its adjoining urban outgrowths,
(ii) Two or more contiguous towns with or without their outgrowths,
(iii) A city and one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths together
forming a contiguous spread.
(1+1+1=3 Marks)
Book 2, page no. 36

OR
What are the main objectives of Smart City Mission?
 i. The objective of the Smart Cities Mission is to promote cities that provide
core infrastructure, a clean and sustainable environment and give a decent
quality of life to its citizens.
ii. One of the features of Smart Cities is to apply smart solutions to
infrastructure and services in order to make them better.
iii. For example, making areas less vulnerable to disasters, using fewer
resources and providing cheaper services.
iv. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development.
v. The idea is to look at compact areas, create a replicable model, which will act
like a lighthouse to other aspiring cities.
(Any three points, 3 Marks)
Book 2, page no. 38

[Link] demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future
population of any area?
i. Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future
population of any area.
ii. The theory tells us that population of any region changes from high births
and high deaths to low births and low deaths as society progresses from rural
agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and literate society.
iii. It is divided in to three [Link] changes occur in stages which are
collectively known as the demographic cycle.
iv. The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce
more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food
supply.
v. Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with
time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in
sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality.
vi. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The
population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes
urbanised, literate and has high technical knowhow and deliberately controls
the family size.
(Any three points, 3 Marks)
Book 1, page no. 14

[Link] is the difference between truck farming and factory farming?

Truck farming Factory farming
The regions where farmers specialize in a modern development in the industrial
vegetables only, the farming is known as regions of Western Europe and North
truck farming. America is factory farming.
The distance of truck farms from the Livestock, particularly poultry and cattle
market is governed by the distance that rearing, is done in stalls and pens, fed on
a truck can cover overnight. manufactured feedstuff and carefully
supervised against diseases
Develops near urban areas with better This requires heavy capital investment in
traffic facilities. terms of building, machinery for various
operations, veterinary services and
heating and lighting.
 Hence the name truck farming. One of the important features of poultry
farming and cattle rearing is breed
selection and scientific breeding.
(Any three points, ½x6=3 Marks)
Book 1, page no. 40-41

SECTION C
Question numbers 24 to 28 are Long Answer based questions.

[Link] are mode of communication in themselves as well as they regulate the

use of other means of communication. Explain.
i. Satellites are mode of communication in themselves as well as they regulate
the use of other means of communication.
ii. However, use of satellite in getting a continuous and synoptic view of larger
area has made satellite communication very vital for the country due to the
economic and strategic reasons.
iii. Satellite images can be used for the weather forecast,
iv. Monitoring of natural calamities,
v. Surveillance of border areas, etc.
vi. Navigation - including the Global Positioning System (GPS);
vii. Astronomy – looking into outer space from our solar system.
viii. Any other relevant point
(Any five points – 5 Marks)
Book 2, page no. 122

[Link] of the important achievements of Indian Railways has been the construction of
Konkan Railway in 1998. It is 760 km long rail route connecting Roha in
Maharashtra to Mangalore in Karnataka. It is considered an engineering marvel. It
crosses 146 rivers, streams, nearly 2000 bridges and 91 tunnels. Asia’s largest
tunnel which is nearly 6.5 km long, also lies on this route. The states of
Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka are partners in this undertaking. ANY FIVE POINTS
Book 2

[Link] are the bases of international trade?

Basis of International Trade
1. Difference in National Resources
A. Geological structure
B. Mineral resources
C. Climate
2. Population factors
a. Cultural factors
b. Size of population
3. Stage of economic development
4. Extent of foreign investment
5. Transport
(1+1+1+1+1=5 Marks)
Book 1, page no. 83
OR
What are the basic functions of World Trade Organisation?
i. GATT was formed in 1948.
ii. The GATT was transformed in to WTO on 1.1.1995
iii. It maintains the global rules between the nations
iv. It resolves the disputes between the nations related to trade
v. It covers trade services, telecommunication and banking, intellectual rights
 vi. It gives importance to rich nations.
vii. It is not favour to poor nations.
(Any five points – 5 marks)
Book 1, page no. 86

[Link] any five characteristics of countries with low levels of human development.
i. 33 countries record low levels of human development.
ii. A large proportion of these are small countries which have been going
through political turmoil,
iii. Social instability in the form of civil war,
iv. Famine or a high incidence of diseases.
v. There is an urgent need to address the human development requirements of
this group through well thought out policies.
vi. Tend to spend more on defence rather than social sectors.
vii. Any other relevant point.
(Any five points – 5 Marks)
Book 1, page no. 29

[Link] is the objective of the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture?

1. The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture seeks to make agriculture more
specialized, sustainable, remunerative and climate-resilient.
2. In this, focus will be on expanding water use skills, soil health management and
resource conservation etc., so that agricultural productivity can be increased in
rainfed areas.
3. For this, place specific integrated/overall farming systems will be promoted.
4. Conservation of natural resources will be done by appropriate soil and moisture
conservation measures.
5. The government is promoting organic farming in the country through schemes
like

Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).

(Five points – 5 Marks)

Book 2, page no. 55
OR
Farmer’s Portal of India is a platform for agriculture related information for farmers.
Explain
i. The Farmer’s Portal is a platform for farmers to seek any information related to
agriculture.
ii. Detailed information on farmers’ insurance, agriculture storage, crops,
extension activities, seeds, pesticides, farm machineries, etc. is provided.
iii. Details of fertilizers, market prices, package and practices, programmes,
welfare schemes are also given.
iv. Block level details related to soil fertility, storage, insurance, training, etc. are
available in an interactive map.
v. Users can also download farm friendly handbook, scheme guidelines, etc
(Any five points – 5 Marks)
Book 2, page no. 55
SECTION D
Question numbers 29 & 30 are Map based questions having 5 sub-parts each.
29.
For Visually Impaired Students in lieu of Q. No. 29 (Attempt Any 5)
A. Name the largest country in North America. - Canada
B. Name the shipping canal between North and South America. – Panama Canal
C. Name a mixed farming region in South America. – Temperate latitudes of South
America
D. Name a major seaport located in Norway. – North Cape
E. Name the eastern terminus of a transcontinental railway in Russia.- Vladevostok
F. Name the important airport located in the northern part of Australia. - Darwin
G. Write the name of a major sea port located in Chile. – Valparaisio
For Visually Impaired Students in lieu of Q. No. 30 (Attempt any 5)
1. Write the name of 10 million city located in North India – New Delhi
2. Write the name of the state with the highest population density - Bihar
3. Name the most cotton producing state - Gujrat

4. Write the name of a manganese mine in Madhya Pradesh - Balaghat

5. Name an iron-ore mine in Maharashtra - Ratnagiri
6. Name the southernmost major port on the west coast - Kochi
7. Name an international airport of Punjab.- Guru Ram Das Ji International Airport,
Amritsar.