1. What does an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) primarily illustrate?

A. Physical database architecture

B. Interactions between software components
C. Entities and their relationships in an information system
D. The sequence of database queries
Answer: C

2. Which of the following is NOT a step in creating an ERD?

A. Identifying and defining entities
B. Determining cardinality of relationships
C. Writing SQL queries
D. Creating the ERD
Answer: C

3. In a relational database, an entity is equivalent to which of the following?

A. Column
B. Row
C. Table
D. View
Answer: C

4. What describes an attribute in an ERD?

A. A database table
B. A unique identifier for an entity
C. A property that describes an entity
D. A relationship between two entities
Answer: C

5. What does cardinality in an ERD define?

A. The number of tables in a database
B. The number of attributes in an entity
C. The number of instances of one entity related to another
D. The sequence of relationships
Answer: C

6. What type of relationship is described as '1:N'?

A. One-to-one
B. One-to-many
C. Many-to-one
D. Many-to-many
Answer: B

7. What is a weak entity?

A. An entity with a composite key
B. An entity without unique attributes and depends on another entity
C. An entity not used in a database schema
D. An entity with no attributes
Answer: B

8. What type of attribute has values that can be derived from other attributes?
A. Composite attribute
B. Derived attribute
C. Multivalued attribute
D. Key attribute
Answer: B

9. What is the main characteristic of a key attribute?

A. It contains multiple values.
B. It uniquely identifies each instance of an entity.
C. It connects two entities.
D. It is always derived.
Answer: B

10. What symbol represents a composite attribute in an ERD?

A. Rectangle
B. Diamond
C. Ellipse connected with smaller ellipses
D. Double ellipse
Answer: C

11. What type of relationship involves three entities?

A. Unary relationship
B. Binary relationship
C. Ternary relationship
D. Quaternary relationship
Answer: C

12. In an ERD, what does a directed line (→) from one entity to another signify?
A. One-to-one relationship
B. Many-to-many relationship
C. A one-to-many or many-to-one relationship
D. No specific cardinality
Answer: C

13. Which component of an ERD is represented as a diamond shape?

A. Entity
B. Attribute
C. Relationship
D. Primary Key
Answer: C
14. What is the purpose of converting an ERD into relational tables?
A. To generate user interfaces
B. To implement the logical design in a database
C. To identify constraints on database relationships
D. To enforce referential integrity
Answer: B

15. What distinguishes strong entities from weak entities?

A. Strong entities have unique attributes.
B. Weak entities depend on associative entities.
C. Strong entities are always composite.
D. Weak entities cannot have attributes.
Answer: A

16. What is the relationship set called if it links instances of the same entity?
A. Recursive relationship
B. Ternary relationship
C. Binary relationship
D. Weak relationship
Answer: A

17. How are multivalued attributes represented in an ERD?

A. By a double ellipse
B. By a rectangle
C. By a single ellipse
D. By a dashed line
Answer: A

18. What does a table column correspond to in an ERD?

A. Entity
B. Attribute
C. Relationship
D. Primary key
Answer: B

19. What is an associative entity?

A. A weak entity with no primary key
B. An entity that exists to link two or more entities
C. A key attribute
D. A multivalued attribute
Answer: B

20. Which of the following is NOT an ERD element?

A. Entities
B. Attributes
C. Relationships
D. Joins
Answer: D

21. What is a binary relationship?

A. A relationship involving only one entity
B. A relationship involving two entities
C. A relationship involving three entities
D. A derived relationship
Answer: B

22. In a one-to-one relationship, how many instances of one entity relate to

another?
A. One instance of one entity relates to many instances of another
B. Many instances of one entity relate to many of another
C. Exactly one instance of one entity relates to one of another
D. No restrictions apply
Answer: C

23. How are weak entities connected to their owner in an ERD?

A. By a directed line
B. By a dashed line
C. By an identifying relationship
D. By a recursive relationship
Answer: C

24. Which of these is NOT true about ERDs?

A. They are used for conceptual database design.
B. They contain entities, attributes, and relationships.
C. They are used for designing physical databases.
D. They are independent of logical data modeling.
Answer: D

25. How is a many-to-many relationship transformed during schema conversion?

A. It is directly represented as a single table.
B. It is decomposed into two binary relationships.
C. It is converted into a new associative entity table.
D. It is discarded.
Answer: C
26. What does a database model define?
A. Physical structure of a database
B. Logical design and structure of a database
C. Security policies of a database
D. Backup processes of a database
Answer: B

27. Which of the following is NOT part of a database model's function?

A. Storing data
B. Defining relationships between data
C. Designing user interfaces
D. Updating data
Answer: C

28. Which of these is a type of database model?

A. Logical-physical model
B. Object model
C. Hierarchical model
D. Graph model
Answer: C

29. How many types of database models are listed in the material?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Answer: C

30. Which database model represents data in a tree-like structure?

A. Network model
B. Relational model
C. Hierarchical model
D. ER model
Answer: C
31. What is a key feature of the network database model?
A. Tree structure relationships
B. Many-to-many relationships
C. Linear relationships
D. Circular relationships
Answer: B

32. The entity-relationship model is primarily used for what purpose?

A. Physical database design
B. Conceptual database design
C. Data encryption
D. Backup management
Answer: B

33. Which database model is most commonly used for modern databases?
A. Network model
B. Hierarchical model
C. Relational model
D. ER model
Answer: C

34. Which model uses tables to represent data and relationships?

A. Network model
B. Hierarchical model
C. Relational model
D. Entity-relationship model
Answer: C

35. What type of relationships does the relational model primarily support?
A. One-to-one only
B. One-to-many only
C. Many-to-many only
D. All of the above
Answer: D

36. Which of the following is NOT a type of attribute in the entity-relationship

model?
A. Composite attribute
B. Derived attribute
C. Linked attribute
D. Multivalued attribute
Answer: C

37. What distinguishes the hierarchical model from the network model?
A. Only the hierarchical model allows many-to-many relationships.
B. The hierarchical model organizes data into a tree structure.
C. The network model does not use primary keys.
D. The network model does not allow parent-child relationships.
Answer: B

38. The ER model primarily uses which of the following for visual representation?
A. Nodes and edges
B. Tables
C. Diagrams with entities and relationships
D. Graphs
Answer: C

39. The relational model organizes data into ________.

A. Nodes
B. Graphs
C. Tables
D. Trees
Answer: C

40. What is a limitation of the hierarchical model?

A. It does not support many-to-one relationships.
B. It does not support many-to-many relationships.
C. It does not support attributes.
D. It is incompatible with relational databases.
Answer: B

41. What is a common application of the ER model?

A. Data migration
B. Data encryption
C. Conceptual design of databases
D. Operational monitoring of databases
Answer: C

42. In the relational model, each row in a table represents a(n):

A. Attribute
B. Entity
C. Relationship
D. Instance
Answer: D

43. Which model is most suitable for applications requiring complex relationships
between data?
A. Hierarchical model
B. Network model
C. Relational model
D. ER model
Answer: B

44. What is the main feature of a hierarchical database model?

A. It uses a parent-child relationship between data.
B. It supports only single-level relationships.
C. It organizes data into flat files.
D. It is used for unstructured data only.
Answer: A

45. In the network model, data is represented using ________.

A. Nodes and links
B. Trees
C. Graphs
D. Tables
Answer: A

46. What is the difference between the ER model and the relational model?
A. The ER model is used for conceptual design, while the relational model is for
physical implementation.
B. The ER model uses tables, while the relational model uses diagrams.
C. The ER model does not support primary keys, while the relational model does.
D. There is no difference; they are the same.
Answer: A

47. Which database model can be directly implemented using SQL?

A. Hierarchical model
B. Network model
C. Relational model
D. ER model
Answer: C

48. A database model that defines how data is accessed, updated, and stored is a:
A. Physical database model
B. Logical database model
C. Database management system
D. Relational database model
Answer: B

49. Which model is best suited for modern web applications?

A. Hierarchical model
B. Network model
C. Relational model
D. ER model
Answer: C
51. What does the "E-R" in the E-R model stand for?
A. Entity-Reaction
B. Entity-Relationship
C. Entity-Resource
D. Entity-Retrieval
Answer: B

52. Which database concept is primarily addressed by the E-R model?

A. Data indexing
B. Relationships and entities
C. Transaction management
D. Query optimization
Answer: B
53. The E-R model is most commonly associated with which aspect of database
systems?
A. Physical design
B. Conceptual design
C. Data backup
D. Performance tuning
Answer: B

54. Which of the following best describes an entity in the E-R model?
A. A table with predefined values
B. A distinct object or concept in a database
C. A column in a table
D. A database operation
Answer: B

55. What is the main purpose of the E-R model?

A. To define the physical storage structure of a database
B. To visually represent the logical structure of a database
C. To optimize database queries
D. To monitor database transactions
Answer: B

56. In the E-R model, what does a relationship represent?

A. A table containing foreign keys
B. An association between two or more entities
C. A method to query the database
D. A set of derived attributes
Answer: B

57. Which shape is commonly used to represent an entity in an E-R diagram?

A. Circle
B. Rectangle
C. Ellipse
D. Diamond
Answer: B

58. How are relationships typically represented in E-R diagrams?

A. Ovals
B. Diamonds
C. Rectangles
D. Arrows
Answer: B

59. What type of relationship exists when one entity is associated with multiple
instances of another entity?
A. One-to-one
B. One-to-many
C. Many-to-one
D. Many-to-many
Answer: B

60. The E-R model is a tool for designing which type of database?
A. Non-relational databases
B. Relational databases
C. File-based storage systems
D. Distributed databases
Answer: B

61. In the E-R model, which component typically contains attributes?

A. Relationships
B. Entities
C. Keys
D. Diagrams
Answer: B

62. What is the first step when constructing an E-R model?

A. Drawing the relationships
B. Identifying the entities
C. Establishing the database schema
D. Writing database queries
Answer: B

63. What do primary keys ensure in the E-R model?

A. Consistency in data retrieval
B. Unique identification of each entity instance
C. Optimal query performance
D. Connection between multiple relationships
Answer: B

64. Which of the following is an example of a binary relationship in the E-R model?
A. A student is enrolled in a course
B. A supervisor oversees multiple departments
C. An order contains several products
D. All of the above
Answer: D

65. A weak entity must always be associated with:

A. A key attribute
B. A strong entity
C. A composite attribute
D. A multivalued attribute
Answer: B

66. Which type of attribute in an E-R model is derived from other attributes?
A. Composite attribute
B. Derived attribute
C. Multivalued attribute
D. Key attribute
Answer: B

67. A composite attribute in the E-R model is typically:

A. Divisible into smaller sub-parts
B. Used as a primary key
C. Containing only a single value
D. Not represented in diagrams
Answer: A

68. Which shape represents attributes in an E-R diagram?

A. Rectangle
B. Diamond
C. Ellipse
D. Triangle
Answer: C

69. In the E-R model, how is a "many-to-many" relationship commonly resolved in

database implementation?
A. By removing redundant relationships
B. By creating a new associative table
C. By using foreign keys in each table
D. By defining unique constraints
Answer: B

70. A key attribute in the E-R model is used to:

A. Represent a foreign key
B. Uniquely identify an entity instance
C. Establish a connection with relationships
D. Visualize the entity hierarchy
Answer: B

71. In the E-R model, a recursive relationship connects:

A. Two unrelated entities
B. An entity to itself
C. Two attributes within the same entity
D. An attribute to a relationship
Answer: B

72. What does cardinality represent in an E-R model?

A. The number of rows in a table
B. The maximum number of entity instances involved in a relationship
C. The relationship type
D. The hierarchy of entities
Answer: B

73. What is a primary difference between the relational model and the E-R model?
A. The E-R model focuses on physical implementation, while the relational model
focuses on logical design.
B. The relational model uses tables, while the E-R model uses diagrams.
C. The E-R model requires SQL for execution, while the relational model does not.
D. There is no difference; they are identical.
Answer: B
74. Which of the following is a valid reason for using the E-R model?
A. To enhance query speed
B. To define a conceptual design for a database
C. To build physical storage structures
D. To visualize data encryption techniques
Answer: B

75. How are entities and relationships typically organized in the E-R model?
A. Into tables and constraints
B. Using a hierarchical schema
C. Graphically, through diagrams
D. In a sequential structure
Answer: C
76. What is the primary focus of file processing systems?
A. Storing and managing structured data
B. Organizing files for specific applications
C. Providing multi-user access
D. Ensuring data integrity
Answer: B

77. What is a key characteristic of database management systems (DBMS)?

A. They do not support relational data.
B. They eliminate data redundancy.
C. They are used only for text files.
D. They require no maintenance.
Answer: B

78. In a file processing system, data is typically stored in:

A. A centralized database
B. Isolated files for each application
C. Tables with rows and columns
D. Indexed data structures
Answer: B

79. Which of the following is a drawback of file processing systems?

A. High cost of maintenance
B. Data redundancy and inconsistency
C. Lack of user interfaces
D. Dependency on relational models
Answer: B

80. What is a major advantage of DBMS over file processing systems?

A. Simplicity in design
B. Enhanced data security and access control
C. Elimination of primary keys
D. Absence of software dependencies
Answer: B

81. How does a DBMS handle data sharing?

A. Through isolated file access
B. By providing centralized control and multi-user access
C. By creating duplicate data files
D. By limiting access to one user at a time
Answer: B

82. Which of the following is an issue with file processing systems?

A. Centralized management
B. High speed of data retrieval
C. Poor data isolation and consistency
D. Multi-user collaboration
Answer: C

83. What ensures minimal data redundancy in a DBMS?

A. Normalization
B. Primary keys in file systems
C. Centralized indexing in file systems
D. Absence of data constraints
Answer: A

84. In a file processing system, what leads to data inconsistency?

A. Centralized data storage
B. Different versions of the same data in multiple files
C. High degree of normalization
D. Use of SQL for querying
Answer: B

85. What type of access control is typically provided by a DBMS?

A. Simple password protection
B. User roles and permissions at various levels
C. No access control
D. Operating system-based security only
Answer: B

86. Which of the following is NOT a feature of file processing systems?

A. Direct access to data by specific applications
B. Easy sharing of data across applications
C. Fixed formats for storing data
D. Lack of centralized control
Answer: B
87. How does a DBMS ensure data integrity?
A. By allowing multiple inconsistent data copies
B. By enforcing constraints and rules on data
C. By segregating data into multiple independent files
D. By avoiding normalization
Answer: B

88. Which component is typically absent in a file processing system but exists in a
DBMS?
A. Data redundancy
B. Application-level access
C. Metadata for data schema
D. Data inconsistency
Answer: C

89. What is a significant limitation of a file processing system?

A. High cost of implementation
B. Easy scalability
C. Data dependency and lack of abstraction
D. Enhanced data sharing
Answer: C

90. What allows a DBMS to support concurrent access?

A. File indexing
B. Transaction management and locking
C. Use of separate file directories
D. Segregated data files
Answer: B
91. Which of these features is exclusive to a DBMS?
A. Data stored in hierarchical structures
B. Query processing using SQL
C. One-to-one file access
D. Redundant file storage
Answer: B

92. What makes DBMS suitable for large-scale applications compared to file
systems?
A. Fixed storage sizes
B. Support for distributed systems
C. Application-specific storage only
D. Manual indexing
Answer: B

93. Which of the following operations is simplified in a DBMS compared to file

systems?
A. Querying data using a standard language
B. Writing custom scripts for each operation
C. Implementing direct memory access
D. Running application-specific commands
Answer: A

94. What contributes to the higher security of DBMS?

A. Decentralized file structure
B. File-level access permissions
C. Centralized control with roles and encryption
D. Separate files for each user
Answer: C
95. Which of the following describes the relationship between data and applications
in file processing systems?
A. Highly abstracted
B. Strong data independence
C. Tight coupling between data and applications
D. Data separated from applications
Answer: C

96. What is the result of normalization in DBMS?

A. Increased data redundancy
B. Elimination of duplicate data
C. Decreased query performance
D. Increased inconsistency
Answer: B

97. Which of these is NOT an advantage of DBMS?

A. Scalability for large systems
B. Efficient data sharing
C. Dependence on a single user
D. Centralized data management
Answer: C

98. How does a DBMS reduce data dependency?

A. By using application-specific files
B. By separating data definition from application code
C. By coupling application logic with file systems
D. By avoiding metadata usage
Answer: B

99. What is a common reason for switching from file processing systems to DBMS?
A. Lower initial cost
B. Improved data consistency and integrity
C. Reduced implementation time
D. Minimal training requirements
Answer: B

100. In terms of maintenance, DBMS systems are generally:

A. Harder to maintain than file systems
B. Easier to maintain due to centralized control
C. Incompatible with automated tools
D. Based solely on manual operations
Answer: B
101. What is the primary purpose of keys in a database management system
(DBMS)?
A. To encrypt data
B. To uniquely identify records in a table
C. To connect multiple databases
D. To perform indexing
Answer: B

102. Which key is used to uniquely identify each record in a table?

A. Foreign key
B. Primary key
C. Composite key
D. Candidate key
Answer: B

103. What is a composite key?

A. A single attribute used to uniquely identify a record
B. A key made up of two or more attributes
C. A key that references another table
D. A key used for encryption
Answer: B

104. Which key acts as a reference to the primary key in another table?
A. Alternate key
B. Foreign key
C. Super key
D. Candidate key
Answer: B

105. What is the difference between a candidate key and a primary key?
A. A primary key is a subset of candidate keys.
B. A candidate key can only have one attribute.
C. A primary key cannot be a composite key.
D. There is no difference between them.
Answer: A

106. What is an alternate key in a database?

A. A key used for backup purposes
B. A candidate key that is not selected as the primary key
C. A secondary key for a composite relationship
D. A key that serves the same purpose as a foreign key
Answer: B

107. Which key ensures that no two rows in a table have duplicate values?
A. Primary key
B. Foreign key
C. Unique key
D. Composite key
Answer: C

108. What is a super key?

A. A key that is not part of any primary key
B. A set of attributes that uniquely identifies a record
C. A key used to enforce referential integrity
D. A secondary index for database optimization
Answer: B

109. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a primary key?

A. Uniqueness
B. Null values allowed
C. Stability
D. Mandatory
Answer: B

110. In a relational database, how many primary keys can a table have?
A. One
B. Two
C. Unlimited
D. None
Answer: A

111. What is the main role of a foreign key?

A. To link records in one table to another
B. To act as a primary key in the same table
C. To ensure all attributes are unique
D. To perform query optimization
Answer: A
112. Which key can be NULL in a database table?
A. Primary key
B. Foreign key
C. Super key
D. Candidate key
Answer: B

113. What is the term for a candidate key chosen to uniquely identify records in a
table?
A. Primary key
B. Foreign key
C. Composite key
D. Alternate key
Answer: A

114. Can a table have multiple candidate keys?

A. No, it can have only one
B. Yes, but only one can be a foreign key
C. Yes, a table can have multiple candidate keys
D. No, candidate keys are automatically unique
Answer: C

115. What is the relationship between primary keys and alternate keys?
A. Alternate keys are foreign keys in another table.
B. Alternate keys are candidate keys that are not chosen as the primary key.
C. Alternate keys are duplicates of primary keys.
D. Alternate keys are used in composite relationships.
Answer: B

116. Which key plays a crucial role in normalizing a database?

A. Composite key
B. Foreign key
C. Candidate key
D. Primary key
Answer: D

117. In a table with a composite key, the unique identification of a record is

achieved by:
A. Using only one attribute of the composite key
B. Using all the attributes of the composite key together
C. Using a foreign key in place of the composite key
D. Replacing the composite key with a super key
Answer: B

118. Which key is often referred to as a "parent key" in relationships?

A. Composite key
B. Candidate key
C. Primary key
D. Foreign key
Answer: C

119. What is the term for a foreign key referring to its own table?
A. Composite relationship
B. Recursive key
C. Self-referential foreign key
D. Cyclical key
Answer: C

120. Which of the following is NOT true about a primary key?

A. It is unique across all records.
B. It can consist of one or more attributes.
C. It allows NULL values.
D. It uniquely identifies a record.
Answer: C

121. A table contains both primary and foreign keys. This situation is most likely
found in:
A. A normalized database
B. An unstructured file system
C. A redundant database
D. A hierarchical database
Answer: A

122. In a normalized database, foreign keys are used to:

A. Create indexes
B. Link tables and enforce referential integrity
C. Replace primary keys
D. Simplify data retrieval
Answer: B

123. What type of key is necessary to enforce relationships between tables?

A. Super key
B. Composite key
C. Foreign key
D. Candidate key
Answer: C

124. Which type of key allows multiple NULL values in its column?
A. Primary key
B. Unique key
C. Foreign key
D. Composite key
Answer: C

125. What is the unique feature of a super key compared to a candidate key?
A. A super key can include additional attributes not necessary for uniqueness.
B. A super key must always be the primary key.
C. A super key cannot include NULL values.
D. A super key must reference another table.
Answer: A
126. What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?
A. A collection of software for managing files
B. A software system to manage databases and interact with users and applications
C. A hardware component for data storage
D. A programming language for database design
Answer: B

127. What is one of the primary purposes of a DBMS?

A. Data visualization
B. Data backup
C. Data storage, retrieval, and manipulation
D. Application development
Answer: C

128. Which component of a DBMS is responsible for query execution?

A. Query processor
B. Database schema
C. Application program
D. Storage engine
Answer: A
129. What does a DBMS use to prevent unauthorized access?
A. Encryption software
B. Security and access controls
C. Data normalization
D. Backup systems
Answer: B

130. Which of the following is NOT a type of DBMS?

A. Hierarchical DBMS
B. Network DBMS
C. File-oriented DBMS
D. Relational DBMS
Answer: C

131. What is the relational model in a DBMS based on?

A. Objects
B. Hierarchies
C. Tables
D. Key-value pairs
Answer: C

132. In a DBMS, what does ACID stand for?

A. Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
B. Access, Control, Integrity, Data
C. Attributes, Constraints, Isolation, Design
D. Allocation, Compilation, Integration, Duplication
Answer: A

133. What type of DBMS is most commonly used today?

A. Network DBMS
B. Relational DBMS
C. Hierarchical DBMS
D. Object-oriented DBMS
Answer: B

134. Which language is commonly used to interact with a DBMS?

A. C++
B. Python
C. SQL
D. Java
Answer: C

135. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a DBMS?

A. Increased complexity
B. Enhanced data security
C. Data integrity
D. Reduced data redundancy
Answer: A

136. In a DBMS, what ensures that data remains consistent in a multi-user

environment?
A. Concurrency control
B. Query optimization
C. Storage management
D. Data redundancy
Answer: A

137. What is the function of the storage manager in a DBMS?

A. To execute queries
B. To enforce constraints
C. To manage disk space and data storage
D. To create user interfaces
Answer: C

138. Which feature of a DBMS allows data to be accessed by multiple users

simultaneously?
A. Scalability
B. Multi-user access control
C. Backup and recovery
D. Data abstraction
Answer: B

139. What does data independence mean in a DBMS?

A. Data is stored in isolated files.
B. The storage structure does not affect application programs.
C. Data can only be accessed through SQL.
D. Applications must manage data storage.
Answer: B

140. Which of the following is NOT a DBMS function?

A. Data storage
B. Query processing
C. Application debugging
D. Transaction management
Answer: C

141. What ensures that only valid data is stored in a database?

A. Normalization
B. Constraints
C. Indexing
D. Relationships
Answer: B

142. What type of DBMS uses object-oriented programming concepts?

A. Hierarchical DBMS
B. Network DBMS
C. Object-oriented DBMS
D. Relational DBMS
Answer: C

143. What is metadata in the context of a DBMS?

A. The actual data stored in the database
B. Data about the structure and schema of the database
C. Encrypted database records
D. A backup of the database
Answer: B

144. What is the process of minimizing redundancy in a database called?

A. Normalization
B. Backup
C. Query optimization
D. Indexing
Answer: A

145. Which DBMS feature helps in recovering data after a failure?

A. Data normalization
B. Transaction rollback
C. Data redundancy
D. Backup and recovery
Answer: D

146. What is the role of the database schema?

A. To store data
B. To define the logical structure of the database
C. To optimize queries
D. To enforce access control
Answer: B

147. What is the main advantage of a relational DBMS over a hierarchical DBMS?
A. Simpler relationships between entities
B. Increased data redundancy
C. Better support for one-to-many relationships
D. No support for SQL
Answer: A

148. In the context of DBMS, what is a "view"?

A. A physical table in the database
B. A virtual table based on a SQL query
C. A backup of the database
D. An indexing structure for faster retrieval
Answer: B

149. What does a DBMS transaction ensure?

A. Sequential execution of queries
B. Logical consistency and recovery from failure
C. Manual locking of data
D. Deletion of old records
Answer: B
150. Why is indexing used in a DBMS?
A. To reduce storage requirements
B. To improve query performance
C. To enforce data constraints
D. To create relationships between tables
Answer: B