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Exponents

The document discusses the concept of exponents, extending the idea of integer exponents to rational numbers. It includes definitions, examples, and laws of exponents, as well as reciprocal calculations and simplifications. Additionally, it provides solved examples and exercises for practice.

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kvr24091955
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17 views10 pages

Exponents

The document discusses the concept of exponents, extending the idea of integer exponents to rational numbers. It includes definitions, examples, and laws of exponents, as well as reciprocal calculations and simplifications. Additionally, it provides solved examples and exercises for practice.

Uploaded by

kvr24091955
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
E eH 2 LA Sorenson Soe — ave learnt about tho exponents on inteyors in tho provious class, Hore, wo shall extend Weh " concept to rational numbors, the same EXPONENTIAL FORM When a number x is multiplied several times, say n times, thon tho product x * 4X % +01 es can be written as x*, read asx raised to the power n or to the power n. The notation x" is called the exponential form or power notation, Thenumber vis: called the base and 1 is called the exponent or tho index of the ‘exponential time expression, x”. Examples: (i) The exponential form of {(-3) x (-8) x (-8) x (-8)) is (-3)', where base = — 3 and exponent = 4. : 3). (3) (3) (3) 3 (ii) The exponential form of 3 x (3) x (3 is (3) , where base = 7 and exponent = 3. 3 a Rule:/f © is any rational number, then forany positive integer m, we have (2) - Example 1. Evaluate: 2)° 23) @ 5 @ cP Git) (2) (w) (2) @ B45 x5 x5 x5 = 625. Solution : (i) (8) = C8) x 8) x - 8) = 512. oe (ay 2 (py _ Bp wo (2% [ome(el =e 2x2x2x2x2 32. = 2X2K2x2X? | Bx5x5x6x5 3126 (oy (3) = COD = CAE = 4) 48 4x4x4 64 Example 2. Express each of the following in exponential form : i ii i) : @ 126 (i) - 128 i) -Fy Solution : @) 125 =6x6x6= BY (Gi) = 128 2 (2) x (62) x (HB) % (2) & (6) x (2) x (2) = (2. (iii) We have + © 97 2 (-8) x (8) x (-B) = (8) and 512 = 8 x 8 x 8 = 6, oat oF .(-8) Using 22 =(2) * 512 8? 8) ° q™ \@ 29 ’ 4s 1 Reciprocal of a Rational number is ed by x! The reciprocal of a non-zero rational number x is denoted by x" and defined ag 8 1 8 a #0), we have : (2) " 4 q ym ) 7 = and the ripe (2) isu’ (2) ue((2) -(8) : Example 3, Find the reciprocal of each of the following : Rule: Fora rational number . where p #0, 4 ; (i) 225 (ii) -46 Gi) 6 2 213 iy (8) 2 oi ii) (3) Solution: (i gol. so. olution: — () (@25)1= 55. [vine Gi) C467 [vsine oa 1 (ii) G7 = 7 (iv) 8)? = “1 7 (viii) (3 20)" _/_a0y'* ey ={4 10, eae 3) ‘ eed (2) | - () LAWS OF EXPONENTS OR Laws OF Ws INDICES a y rational number and following laws : mand n be any positive integers, Then, we have Lawl, xgtexnen Examples: @) 2x21 98-92 iy (3). wt, CCB x Capa (gene(s? 17) “\a7, (3 | Law? = Ln wa AS lees, et Oe Examples: () © 258-925 95 Gn 30 -? = (-7)8 = — 343, 0 J-@-8)"-8- 3 = » wher Law ee rem P exr,then m2" rovided v7 00nd * 1, Laws. fs” Fractional Indices 1 For indices of the tyP° 7 1 7 =r; x! {fe ete. Examples: (@ 2 =98298 a 1 ywve write & ie 0 a " i) ‘Also, we have: 5" = wry" 2 * 173 Examples: (i) 16‘ -(«") =f @ G=8i-(2") af) a2 =2, SOLVED EXAMPLES Example 1. Simplify: © BKB KES pe x5 (i) x Bx 25 ii) 7 oy Solution: — (i) 5¢x 5x 55 = 54+8-9 2 a oe =5?= 25, Gi) 8° x 4 x 24 = 1 (2) x 24 Oy O5 ae sing (x") =x" : op master GD COV ea xaing (— 2) x {2 EOD) (K X 2)? x 9-2 x (92 “Conta x24 x Qaxn = 2} x 92 : 5 (-2)4+9 ¢ ae i x 2¢ [Using Gy =" = (-2)6 Example ple 2. Simplify ; x Qt = 28 x 94 O10 = 1024, @ 3438 Soluti i lution: — (i) 34.36, 3° 1) (94) « on Pe iii} a = -3) ot @) oF =F rato, 3 3°07, Gi) (25 x2 491, Bxat = SX2t 26+ p= 8 =. Qa (ii) = =5°=125. i ww) co =O = (9s 81, example 8. Simplify: @ en’ Gi) (54 x TP aD (84s 24 (iv) (4)? + PF x 34 solution: — @ (G94 = [37-4 = (348386 = Gi) (BY TP = SH TO (Using Ge rytl = Sy x = 7 “ee oe GF ICS4s282 = {se} = (e2 | 2 oy [sing = a Using (ey ey [ tA [osins 20-1 when men] OF mga | [rmne(2) : 7 [Using (xy = x"y"! Example 4. Evaluate: @YxC) Gy 239 xBPYE XGA 55) xm? xn xz° (6)? x16 (2? x@y?xery* nxt x2” xm= 9 Qixe 5)? _ (28)? x5% _ 5% _ 29x57 _ 90) _gF_ a @ Solution : Gye G72 SMa" Sexo SD BF 2S 5 BPRS _ NEM GCM IM sing camp ez) SYP KSHe — APD gQRM GOT 2OxSEXTS _ oe eer x gree x BOE = Fxg —— eee (ring yy s ty = 10*= 10000. 6 i 1 semen? mh? e206) [vine x “Fran jp Coembrrtnet ota a HO Darredfven™ a 2m. Example 5. Find the values of : in 8” ity (20% wen ) ity (2 i i fo) Using 1 Solution: (i) (27) = (3 = 3 ing et) : (ax (i) 8% = (93) a gad. 28 (9% [7907 rayfoo(-3)} : Qe" i (3) -(3) . (3) -(§) AG -(}=%-2 j Uvine(2 ie 3) 3 9 q Simplify and express the result with positive index : 0 By (i) (8 Git) (a4 Example 6, (iv) (1, es ©) Bes (i) or ui Se oi a eye Solution: (2290-92942 1 (i) (729 = 7624512 720 1 10 * Git) (B)}4 = ge5--0 < 32, x) (Using (xny =x" Gv) (174 = Cy [sing (ny 22 (Using (yy =" nC] 2 ©) (842 (9)9 x 50 [eine e™s iey (33) 50 = x(5%a (x58 Oe @ (vith (8°)? 96 QED ggd VBE Bae Say Tuan oY eT , = SSRIS Le] oN metntpys nt [tras = dackens™ nag meeps ~ WT Dp_ON IH ne “pe rn Example 7. simon: (5) (8) (§) : x ayes Solution : (5) EE a xCOrPNaND) ye yl HeD(BHOD yg ylemaN(era) Jusing (YE) AB 5g ABCD ge lela) ylatBtedtect etal) gabe 1, Example 8. Find the value of n, when: @) BK 51 = B25 MD eM ey Solution : @) BS x 6 = B84 FF me He Bat ft) (x) 4 (09) vesmenl = 6265 Wn-deGaQnealOsneB, (Using x” : cana) ana * ana (SV (83) -(3) -(3) -(2 (ii) 7. x F 7 7 7 7 = 8=8n-4=> SnHl2 SH [Using ext es mend 2n-8 (x2) Git) SGD 2a 4 me EM ROY coe) 4 (OX [Using (Ay =) xX gen x mx eae ap lOMDeCaMIgV HITT OHS) [vane =" * oe 1 = xh agit op dn p11 5 27 = dno 16 = ned: WWeing etemnn 85 Pe 4 Bod GS : ( we. CIEL 2. s + Simplify: (ii) a eatxe® ( atxa® (ii) bx Cees 4 (iv) a8 x ad (v) Gxt x Bx’ se a : (oi) xtySxcy (viii) yh xy (ix) xtyte Seay tert x ate BY ph pxate! Pye [tine ridatyteb xa ty he teatts 5. tet byte He 2 ghtttyy batt ts syle Se Jf Simplify : 8, * min @ 2 i) a (iit) oe (iv) 180% 6x? () Ta 56a" (vi) ab" + ab a’bc! Te! = 2a @) pe 3. Simplify: ® @ iy ey Y Gt) (ty @) Gy @ wy (vi) (mn 4. Evaluate : OL ya i) (27)" ii), (16 (iv) (648 @ ew (vi) (82) 5. Simplify: wt (250%)? wh (27x38 ii) (64m-*n3ys @ Crave — & @arryya (vi) Gabi) -1 GA) (Bam omy EB) rar eHn ee Ye [sin +i) fg = (eyes pind od oan 2] 6. Show that : y' EM hl yn "a xa gM tne nel stom @ 7 : i 2m + 2n 62) Hint: L.H.S = x , Ci) PP oy 7. Show that: (§ (22) {zy =) “Ue} US] ab ' 2 Pr Hint : LHS, = = Pere rrend & 8. Show that: . j @ Case

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