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Evolution of Psychology as Science

The document provides an overview of the history and definitions of psychology, tracing its evolution from a branch of philosophy to a distinct scientific discipline in the 19th century. Key figures such as Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, and John Watson are highlighted, along with their contributions to various psychological approaches. Additionally, it touches on psychological concepts in the Indian context, including the Panchakosha and Dosha theories.

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Tanuja Gadgil
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7 views23 pages

Evolution of Psychology as Science

The document provides an overview of the history and definitions of psychology, tracing its evolution from a branch of philosophy to a distinct scientific discipline in the 19th century. Key figures such as Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, and John Watson are highlighted, along with their contributions to various psychological approaches. Additionally, it touches on psychological concepts in the Indian context, including the Panchakosha and Dosha theories.

Uploaded by

Tanuja Gadgil
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 1

STORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

Tanuja Gadgil
SYMBOL OF PSYCHOLOGY

PSI
ETYMOLOGICAL DEFINITION OF
PSYCHOLOGY

PSYCHOLOGY= PSYCHE (SOUL/MIND)+ LOGOS


(SCIENCE/knowledge) ψυχήλογία

Greek philosophers defined Psychology as Science/Study of


mind or soul
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Till 1870s psychology was a branch of PHILOSOPHY. Later in the
19th century it evolved as a separate branch.

• Greek Philosophers

Plato (Knowledge is innate)

John Locke (Tabula Rasa)


History of psychology

Pre-Scientific Period
Trephination Scientific Period
Wilhelm Wundt
Phrenology (Franz Gall) Freud
Watson
Feldman
TREPHINITION VIDEO
[Link]
SCIENTIFIC PERIOD
WUNDT’S DEFINITION
• German Physician Wilhelm Wundt established first
Psychological laboratory at Leipzig University in 1879 in
Germany. He is considered as the FATHER OF
PSYCHOLOGY

• He defined psychology as the science of CONSCIOUS


EXPERIENCE.

• He used the method of INTROSPECTION METHOD to


study conscious experience.

• His school of psychology is called as STRUCTURALISM


PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH
Sigmund Freud defined
psychology as the study of
unconscious experiences.

Jean Charcot
Dr Breuer (Anna O Case)
HYSTERIA
WATSON’S DEFINITION
•He redefined psychology as the science of human
behaviour.

•His school of psychology was called as behaviourism


FELDMAN’S DEFINITION
He defined psychology as the scientific study of
human behaviour & mental processes.

KEY WORDS
1. Science

2. Behaviour

3. Mental process
SCIENCE
• Science is the body of knowledge gathered by carefully observing &
measuring events.
BEHAVIOUR
John Watson defined behaviour as anything a person or animal does that
can be observed recorded & studied.

Behaviour is either overt or covert

OVERT- directly observed responses such as bodily movements.

COVERT- activities can be inferred from observed behavior.


S-O-R Model
Represented the definition by S-O-R model :
S- Stimulus ; Any physical event/condition that gives rise to a reaction.
O-Organism ; who responds to the stimulus.
R – reaction of the organism to a given stimulus.
MENTAL PROCESSES/COGNITIVE PROCESS

Mental processes refers to all the internal activities of our minds

such as thinking, memory, forgetting, emotion, attention,

perception
PSYCHOLOGY IN INDIA
PSYCHOLOGY: INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
2000 B.C to 500 A.C
PANCHAKOSHA
TRI-GUNAS
DOSHA
Sr Dosha Characteristics/Prakruti
No
1 Kapha Calm, flexible, patient, caring, strong memory, take time to
grasp but once they understand it they are able to retain it
for long.

2 Vata Unpredictable, moods & thoughts fluctuate, angry very fast


but calm down quickly, art lovers.

3 Pitta Short tempered & sharp


ASHTANGYOGA
GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY

EXPLANATION
The second goal involves trying to find out the cause of our
behaviour

Control
Changing the behaviour from an undesirable one to desirable
behaviour.

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