CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Choosing a senior high school strand is a big decision for Grade 10

students. This chapter explores how family, friends, and career dreams
influence their choices. Families often guide students by sharing their
opinions and advice. Meanwhile, friends can shape decisions by sharing
their own plans or creating a sense of belonging. Lastly, students’ career
goals play an important role, as they want to pick a strand that matches
their future dreams.

Related Literature

Pursuing STEM Careers: Perspectives of Senior High School

Students

This qualitative descriptive study examined the perspectives of

STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) senior high
school students from a public secondary school in Zambales, Philippines,
focusing on their reasons for choosing the STEM strand and their
intentions to pursue STEM-related careers. Twenty Grade 12 students
were purposefully selected as participants. Data were collected through
structured interviews, which were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to
identify key themes and significant insights. The study revealed that most
students have a strong interest in biology-related fields. Their primary
motivation for enrolling in the STEM strand was its alignment with their
desired college courses. Nearly all participants expressed a desire to
pursue STEM-related careers after university, with personal aspirations
being a major driving factor. The study recommends that senior high
schools organize activities during career week to introduce students to
STEM career options, enhance their motivation, and assess their career
aptitudes. Teachers are encouraged to adopt innovative teaching
strategies to make STEM subjects more engaging. Additionally, STEM
teachers should consider retooling or pursuing advanced studies to further
inspire student interest in science. Career guidance seminars are also
suggested to help students make informed choices about their
educational pathways and reduce peer pressure. The Department of
Education (DepEd) is encouraged to support programs that enhance
students’ career readiness. Schools should foster a collaborative,
authentic, and goal-oriented learning environment to meet the demands
of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (Clarisse Yimyr De Guzman et al., 2020).

Understanding Career Choices Among Grade 12 General Academic

Strand Students: A Phenomenological Approach

The high school years are a critical phase of adolescence when

significant life decisions, like career selection, are made. This study aimed
to explore the challenges students face while choosing their career paths.
Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the researchers
examined the experiences of Grade 12 students as they navigated these
decisions. Seven students from the General Academic Strand (GAS)
participated in in-depth interviews, with the collected data analyzed
through Colaizzi's method. The findings highlighted recurring themes,
including GAS as a foundation for learning, students' emotional
connections to academics shaped by their personal stories, financial
limitations, parental influence, peer pressure, and aspirations for their
future careers. Despite the many obstacles, students face these
challenges with determination, driven by their ambitions and passion to
achieve their goals. These struggles serve as valuable lessons,
strengthening their resilience and guiding them toward a fulfilling career
path (April B. Arquino et al., 2024).

Determinants of Senior High School Tracks and Strands

Inclination of Grade 10 Students of Buenavista II

This study focused on the factors influencing Grade 10 students'

preferences for senior high school tracks and strands. The research
included 135 respondents from three secondary schools in Buenavista II.
The mean was used to analyze the determinants of students’ track and
strand preferences, while frequencies and percentages were applied to
examine their socio-demographic profiles and choices. A standardized
survey questionnaire, adapted from the College Department of Don Bosco
Technology Center, was utilized to gather data on these preferences. The
findings revealed that most respondents were aged 10–15 and were
almost equally distributed by gender. Many of their parents were skilled
workers and high school graduates. The majority of students showed a
preference for the academic track, with personality as the top-rated factor
influencing their choices. Family and relatives were rated moderately high
as influencers, while job opportunities and personal interests were also
rated highly as determining factors. Interestingly, parents' educational
attainment was the only socio-demographic factor that significantly
influenced students’ career preferences. Based on these results, the study
strongly recommends implementing intensive career advocacy programs
targeting both students and parents to provide proper guidance in making
informed decisions about senior high school tracks and strands (Julius
Monterde Virtudazo, 2023).

Senior High School Strands: Factors Affecting the Students’

Preference

Choosing a senior high school strand is a critical decision for junior

high school students. This study aimed to assist students in making
informed decisions by examining the influence levels of various factors
and their relationships with strand preferences. The research targeted
Grade 9 and Grade 10 students using an online survey and total sampling
method. A self-designed questionnaire, validated using Aiken’s V formula,
was employed to collect data, which was analyzed using descriptive
statistics. The results showed that 2.3% of students preferred the GAS
strand, 15.9% chose HUMSS, 73.9% selected STEM, and 8% opted for
ABM. Among the factors influencing their decisions, personal interest had
the highest influence (mean = 4.21), followed by job opportunities (mean
= 4.17), socioeconomic status (mean = 3.89), parental influence (mean =
3.63), and academic performance (mean = 3.38). However, only academic
performance showed a significant relationship with students’ strand
choices, while socioeconomic status, parents, job opportunities, and
personal interests had no significant impact. Consequently, the null
hypothesis was accepted, as four out of five factors were not significantly
related to strand preference. The findings highlight the importance of
academic performance in students' decision-making and suggest that
schools and educators focus on strategies that enhance students'
academic self-concept to support them in selecting appropriate senior
high school strands (Anamarie Valdez et al., 2023).

Factors Influencing the Senior High School Track and Strand

Preference of Students in Lal-Lo National High School

The K-12 curriculum, established under Republic Act 10533, was the
basis for this study, which investigated the factors influencing students at
Lal-lo National High School in selecting their Senior High School Track and
Strand. A descriptive-comparative research design was employed to
examine the impact of Parental Influence, Peer Influence, Interest, and Job
Opportunities. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire from 149
students enrolled in the school’s Special Curricula programs. The results
showed that students were primarily influenced by their interests,
followed by job opportunities. Parental and peer influences had a
moderate effect. The factors showed no significant differences when
grouped by age or sex. However, when grouped by Special Curriculum,
the Special Program in the Arts (SPA) showed a greater parental influence
compared to the Special Science Class (SSC). Peer influence also
significantly differed among Grade 9 students when grouped by grade
level. The study recommends that students begin planning their future
tracks and strands earlier and consider additional factors beyond those
studied. Further research could focus on lower grade levels or explore
factors influencing senior high school students’ career or course choices
(Brea Sherene Morales et al., 2023).

Factors Affecting Senior High School Students to Choose STEM as

Their Strand

This descriptive quantitative study explores the factors influencing

the choice of the STEM strand among 243 12th-grade students from Saint
Louis University Laboratory High School – Senior High (SLU LHS-SH). The
study also examines students' satisfaction with the strand based on these
factors and their career aspirations. Data were collected using a pilot-
tested survey questionnaire, which included various response types and a
four-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, including frequency and
central tendency measures, were used for data analysis. The results
indicate that students consider a variety of factors when choosing the
STEM strand. Among personal factors, Career Aims were the most
influential, while School Rating and Performance were the leading
institutional factors. The findings also suggest that students are generally
satisfied with the STEM strand. Most respondents expressed an interest in
pursuing STEM-related courses and careers, such as medicine and
engineering (Madriaga, A. G. & Siobal, R. A. G., 2022).

The Unnoticed Influence of Peers on Educational Preferences

Making educational choices is one of the most significant decisions

young people face. However, recent research suggests that these
decisions are not always explained by traditional models of human capital
investments, which assume that students choose the options that
maximize their long-term benefits. Instead, adolescents often make
educational decisions influenced by the preferences of their current peer
group. This study extends existing models by demonstrating that
students' educational preferences can be affected by simply reminding
them of their peers' [Link], the study reveals that students are
unaware of this peer influence. They claim that their peers do not impact
their decisions, do not base their educational choices on peers’ opinions in
a conjoint experiment, and deny any influence when questioned in a list
experiment that avoids social desirability bias. The findings suggest that
young people are unknowingly influenced by their peers. These results
have significant implications for public policies aimed at helping young
people make more thoughtful and informed educational choices (Morten
Hjortskov and Simon Calmar Andersen, 2019).

Interest, Self-Efficacy and Environmental Influences on the Career

Decision Making of Adolescents

This study aimed to determine the factors influencing adolescents'

career decision-making by examining their profiles in terms of age, sex,
parents' highest educational attainment, parents' occupations, combined
annual income, school type, interest, self-efficacy, and environmental
influences. The research used a reliable instrument with a Cronbach’s
alpha of 0.90, which was administered to 583 respondents (84 from
private schools and 499 from public schools). The findings revealed that
the respondents had high self-efficacy levels and strong interest in their
chosen track and strand. The most preferred career track was the
Academic Track, particularly the Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
Strand, while the least preferred were the Arts and Design Track, Home
Economics Strand, and Industrial Arts Strand under the Technology-
Vocational-Livelihood Track. There was a significant relationship between
adolescents' career choices and their profiles in terms of age, sex, father’s
highest educational attainment, type of school, and interest in the
preferred track and strand. However, no significant relationship was found
between career choice and factors such as the mother's highest
educational attainment, parents’ occupations, combined annual income,
self-efficacy, and environmental influences. Notably, teachers were found
to have a significant influence on adolescents' career decisions (Cherie
Guy B. Giray and Fatima Socorro M. Quianzon, 2023).

Impact of Socio-Economic Status on Educational and Career

Aspirations of Grade 110 Maguindanaon Students at Esperanza
National High School

This study examined the impact of socio-economic status on the

educational and career aspirations of Grade 10 Maguindanaon students. A
descriptive correlational research design was used, with a researcher-
made checklist administered to randomly selected students. The data
were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and Chi-square methods to
draw meaningful inferences. The findings revealed that most parents of
the Grade 10 students had completed high school, with the majority of
fathers working as farmers and mothers as housekeepers. The combined
monthly family income ranged from ₱10,000 to ₱15,000. The study found
a significant relationship between the socio-economic status of students
and their educational and career aspirations. Higher parental social
standing was associated with higher educational and career aspirations,
while low family income hindered students from pursuing career tracks
that required higher standards. Based on these findings, the study
recommends that Esperanza National High School implement an
intervention program to inspire Maguindanaon students to overcome
financial challenges and pursue their educational and career aspirations
despite socio-economic barriers (Elsie C. Laroco, 2022).

Passion-based vs. Practical-based Preference of Strand in Senior

High School

In choosing a strand it’s not easy because some students based

their decision- making on their passion or on practicality. Some students
follow their parents to choose a strand for their children. The purpose of
this study was to determine passion- based and practical- based
preference a senior high school students. The researcher used a
descriptive-correlation survey that consist of two adapted questionnaire
and used Likert scaling. The researcher conducted and gathered data at
Jagobiao National High School both grade 10 Junior high school
department (JHS) and all grade 11 Senior high school students (SHS). The
data have been analyzed using Guttmann’s lambda to determine if there
is significant association between Passion-based and practical-based
preference of strand in among senior high school. The study revealed that
there was a significant association between the two variables the passion-
based and practical-based. The result is failed to reject. Based on these
findings that the students seek advices from teachers or parents as to
what strand in Senior High School they will prefer to choose that could be
advantageous and beneficial for them (Lovely Rhyme P. Magdadaro,
2020).
Related Studies

Preferences in Senior High School Tracks of the Grade 10

Students

This study examines the factors influencing senior high school track
preferences among Grade 10 students, focusing on socio-economic status
and peer influence. A total of 188 students participated, with 106 females
and 82 males, and they had diverse socio-economic backgrounds, which
moderately influenced their choice of track. The majority of students
chose the General Academic Strand (GAS), indicating uncertainty about
their future college course, as GAS is seen as a neutral [Link] study
found that family, peers, financial condition, and employability were key
factors in students' track preferences. There was a significant association
between socio-economic status, peer influence, and students’ track
preferences. The research highlights that choosing a senior high school
track is a major challenge for students, as it can have long-term
implications, including affecting future earnings. Evidence suggests that
the choice of track is linked to wages in some cases. The study suggests
that integrating career planning into the curriculum could help students
make informed decisions. Despite expressing interest in career planning
and seeking support from family and friends, students reported
dissatisfaction with the current career counseling system. To address this,
teachers should provide guidance and be available for students who
struggle with decision-making. Career counseling should be intensified
and implemented effectively within schools, as mandated by school
leadership. Parents should also be involved in supporting their children,
especially in navigating decisions that will impact their future education
and career prospects (Jerald C. Moneva and Marsha H. Malbas, 2019).

Internal And External Factors Affecting the Strand Preferences of

Grade 10 Students in Divine Word College of San Jose

This descriptive-correlational study aimed to identify the internal

and external factors influencing the strand preferences of 129 Grade 10
students and their interrelationships. Questionnaires were used as the
primary research instrument. The findings revealed that parental
expectations and beliefs about their child's academic abilities significantly
impacted the students’ choice of academic track. External factors such as
parental interest, financial condition, peer influence, and job opportunities
also played a role in the students' strand preferences. Among these, job
opportunities had the highest weighted mean of 3.27, indicating that
students prioritized employability and stability in their preferred track.
Parental interest followed with a mean of 3.20, suggesting that some
students seek parental guidance when making decisions. The study also
showed a highly significant relationship between both internal and
external factors and students' strand preferences. Based on these
findings, the researchers recommend that schools organize a career week
for Grade 10 students to help them select a senior high school strand
based on their interests and skills. Additionally, it is suggested that
parents continue offering both financial and moral support to assist their
children in making informed decisions (Calera, John Francis D. et al, 2024).

Financial Status, Parents Influence, Peer Influence and Self-

Choice of Students in Selection of Strand in The Senior High
School, Cebu, Philippines

This study examined the influence of financial status, parental

influence, and peer influence on students’ self-choice when selecting a
senior high school strand. A total of 214 students participated, answering
a questionnaire on financial status and Likert-scale questions on parental
influence, peer influence, and self-choice. The data were analyzed using
weighted mean, frequency, chi-square, and lambda tests to determine
associations. The results indicated that while students' financial status
was correlated with their self-choice in selecting a strand, parental and
peer influences did not show a significant relationship with students' self-
choice. Specifically, students with a low upper-class financial status were
more likely to make their own decision regarding the strand, though
parental and peer influences were still present. However, these influences
were not significant enough to impact the students' decisions. While
parents and peers influenced students, the study found that financial
status had a significant correlation with self-choice in selecting a strand.
Parents and peers had noticeable influence, but not to a degree that
significantly affected the strand selection process. Ultimately, only the
students' financial status and self-choice were significantly correlated and
influenced their strand selection in senior high school (Aldrich Luigi C.
Tortor et al, 2020).

Factors Associated with Career Track Choice of Senior High

School Students

This study explored various factors that influence students' career

track or strand choices in senior high school (SHS). The results revealed
that certain factors, such as sex, age, birth order, and monthly income,
have a moderate association with career track preferences. Intellectual
aptitudes were also identified as potential predictors of career choice, with
core subject grades showing a moderate correlation with track selection.
The intended college course had the strongest association with the
selected SHS track, suggesting that students prioritize their academic
preferences when making decisions. Additionally, students' social circle,
including parents' educational attainment and occupation, also played a
role in their career track choices. Surprisingly, school counselors had the
lowest influence on students’ decisions. Perceived cost was another
important factor, with students often choosing SHS tracks offered in
nearby schools to reduce financial burden and inconvenience for their
families. The study’s findings have practical implications for developing
strategies to guide students in making informed career decisions. It
highlights the importance of providing clear information about college
courses and career paths through educational training and seminars,
aimed not only at students but also at their parents. Moreover, career
orientation programs can be used to promote lesser-chosen SHS tracks,
such as Sports, and Arts and Design. Given the low influence of school
counselors, strengthening their engagement with students is
recommended to effectively guide them in their career decision-making
process. Since socioeconomic status often determines students’ ability to
pursue certain tracks, offering scholarship programs for underprivileged
students could help bridge this gap. This research also suggests that
higher education institutions could use these findings to develop effective
recruitment strategies, particularly by targeting the influential members
of students’ social circles. The study calls for further research to validate
these results and gain a deeper understanding of how different factors
impact career decisions, especially during key developmental periods.
Future studies may also clarify whether these findings are applicable on a
national scale (Allen L. Nazareno et al, 2021).

Cultural Factors that Affect the Technical Vocational and

Livelihood Strands Preferences of Grade 11 Students

This study focused on identifying the cultural factors that influence

the Technical Vocational and Livelihood (TVL) strand preferences of Grade
11 students at Bulan National High School during the 2019-2020 school
year. The study involved 239 students from various TVL strands, including
CSS, Foods, EIM, EPAS, Dressmaking, and SMAW. The researchers
employed a descriptive correlational research design, using a survey
questionnaire to gather data about the students’ academic performance
and the cultural factors influencing their strand preferences. The
academic performance of the students was measured in three areas:
written works, performance tasks, and periodical tests. The results
indicated that students had poor performance in written works and
periodical tests, with 75% and 64% of students not meeting expectations,
respectively. In contrast, performance tasks yielded better results, with an
84% passing rate. Cultural factors such as family influence, school
influence, gender influence, and peer influence were assessed. Family
influence had a moderate impact on the students' decisions, with a mean
score of 3.16, indicating that families played a role in students’ choices of
TVL strands. School influence, particularly strand offerings and screening,
also had a moderate impact, with the highest means being 3.35 for strand
offerings and 3.26 for screening. Gender influence was another key factor,
with students being strongly influenced by the advice of same-sex peers
and the availability of strands for men. Peer influence had a moderate
impact as well, with students valuing advice from their most valued peers.
The study revealed several significant relationships. For instance, a
significant relationship was found between the performance of students in
performance tasks and periodical tests and the extent of school influence
on their TVL strand preferences. Additionally, family influence was
significantly related to the students' academic performance, specifically in
performance tasks and periodical tests. There was also a significant
relationship between students’ performance in written works and gender
influence on their strand preference. However, no significant relationship
was found between the students' performance in written works,
performance tasks, or periodical tests and the extent of peer influence on
their strand preference. Similarly, there was no significant correlation
between performance in written works and gender influence on strand
choice, or between school influence and written works performance. The
study concluded that family, school, gender, and peer influences all play a
role in students’ TVL strand preferences, but their impacts vary in
significance depending on the specific academic performance areas. The
findings suggest that career guidance programs should consider these
cultural factors to help students make informed decisions about their
future educational tracks (Aldin D. Labo and Rae John E. Arango, 2020).

Peer Pressure and Career Decision Making of Technical Livelihood

Students Under Office Strands

This study examined the relationship between peer pressure and

career decision-making among Senior High School students enrolled in the
Technical-Vocational Livelihood (Tech-Voc) track, specifically those in the
front office strand. The findings highlighted the significant influence of
peer pressure on students' career choices, particularly in the context of
socialization and the desire for belongingness. While peer pressure was
recognized as a potential stressor, the study revealed that it did not
necessarily lead to negative emotional outcomes such as anxiety or
stress, but rather had some positive aspects in the form of
encouragement and support among friends. The students in the study
demonstrated that their career decisions were influenced by their peer
groups, suggesting a strong connection between peer pressure and
decision-making. It was noted that many students depend on their friends
for guidance, especially when facing uncertainty about their future career
paths. This reliance on peers for emotional and social support highlights
the importance of friendship in navigating the challenges of career
decision-making. The study further revealed that there was a significant
relationship between peer pressure and career decision-making,
contradicting the initial hypothesis. Peer pressure was found to have both
positive and negative effects on students, with some coping mechanisms,
such as regular sleep, exercise, listening to music, eating a balanced diet,
thinking positively, and meditation, helping students manage the stress
associated with peer pressure. The research concluded that peer pressure
plays a pivotal role in shaping the career choices of Senior High School
students, particularly those in the Tech-Voc track. It emphasized the
importance of parents being aware of their children's social interactions
and being open-minded when discussing their needs and career
aspirations. Additionally, teachers were encouraged to understand the
impact of peer pressure on students’ learning and career decision-making,
providing support to help students develop emotional resilience and cope
with external influences. Finally, training managers could assist students
in recognizing the demands of various industries to help them align their
career goals with socio-economic realities (Dr. Ronald S. Decano et al,
2022).

Factors Influencing the Career Preference of Senior High School

Students during Pandemic

The study found that several factors influence a student's decision

to enroll in college, with financial aid, educational quality, tuition
affordability, and the environment and culture being the most significant.
It emphasized the importance of course selection in senior high school
and highlighted that these influencing factors are flexible, applying to
students of different ages, genders, and family backgrounds. One key
takeaway from the findings is that students who follow their dreams are
typically aware of their own abilities and knowledge. Although parents can
play a role in guiding their children's career choices, the study suggested
that young adults must ultimately make decisions independently. It is
important for students to build self-sufficiency in order to achieve their
goals, even if this means navigating financial difficulties. Many students
are conscious of their family's financial struggles and worry about the
impact these may have on their ability to pursue certain professions.
However, the availability of scholarships offers a potential solution for
students to overcome financial barriers. Furthermore, peer influence is
also significant; adolescents share their dreams and concerns with their
friends, and this can affect their decision-making. Despite this, the study
found that many students still believe they can achieve their goals on
their own, independent of peer or parental influence. In a broader context,
students are aware of the job market's demand for various occupations,
and this awareness encourages them to select careers that not only suit
their interests but also have strong employment prospects. The high
unemployment rate in the country also contributes to the students'
motivation to pursue opportunities that will provide job security (Jeddah B.
Quiño, 2022).

Readiness of Grade 9 and 10 Students of San Felipe Neri Catholic

School in Choosing their Strand for Senior High School

The study investigated the decision-making process of Grade 9 and

10 students at San Felipe Neri Catholic School regarding their choice of
senior high school strand. Using a quantitative approach, the research
identified the key factors that influenced students' readiness to choose a
strand. The four primary factors were peer influence, course-related
considerations, personal interest, and skills related to the preferred
program. Among these, course-related factors were found to have the
most significant impact, while peer influence was ranked the least
influential. The study revealed that the overall readiness of the students
to make decisions about their senior high school strand was high, with an
average rating of 3.92 and a standard deviation of 0.12. This suggests
that the students felt confident in making decisions based on their abilities
and skills. In response to these findings, the researchers proposed an
action plan to support students in making informed decisions. This plan
involves setting clear goals to help students prepare for decision-making,
guiding them to consider their interests and skills, exploring available
opportunities, and recommending actions that encourage a clear
understanding of options. The plan emphasizes the importance of creating
a realistic plan, monitoring progress, and providing continuous support
and encouragement to students. The goal is to ensure that students make
thoughtful, informed decisions about their educational and career paths
(Inigo C. Reyes et al, 2023).

Career Choices of Senior High School Academic Track Graduates

in Sorsogon City

This study aimed to define the career tracks and available career
choices for Senior High School (SHS) students and provide a deeper
understanding of career decision-making, which may contribute to
shaping the careers of future graduates of the K-12 Program. Using a
descriptive-evaluative research design, the study employed surveys and
interviews to assess the career choices and the factors influencing those
choices among 170 academic track graduates from 11 public and 11
private senior high schools in Sorsogon City. The statistical tools used in
the study included frequency count, percentage, and ranking. The results
revealed that the majority of the graduates preferred pursuing higher
education over employment, entrepreneurship, and middle-level skills
development. Academic considerations were found to be the most
significant influence on the graduates who chose higher education as their
career path. Based on these findings, the researchers developed a career
guide aimed at assisting students in making informed decisions about
their future career paths (Karen Mae Hamor Palabrica and Christine Hugo
Ferolino, 2023).

Exploring the Determinants of Senior High School Track

Preference among Grade 10 Students: A Comprehensive Study

This study aimed to explore the determinants of Senior High School

(SHS) track preference among Grade 10 students in the Philippines, using
a mixed-method approach. A total of 179 respondents from two private
and four public schools in the division of Toledo City were selected
through stratified random sampling. The study utilized an online
questionnaire to gather quantitative data. The findings indicated that the
most significant factors influencing SHS track preference were academic
performance, career prospects, personal interests, and parental influence.
Students who performed well academically were more likely to choose the
academic track, while those who struggled academically tended to opt for
the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track. Career prospects played a
crucial role in students' decisions, as they gravitated towards tracks they
believed would lead to better job opportunities. Personal interests and
skills were also influential, with students choosing tracks that aligned with
their hobbies and talents. Parental influence was another key factor, as
parents often guided their children toward specific tracks. The study
provides valuable insights into the factors influencing SHS track
preferences among Grade 10 students in the Philippines. The results
suggest that academic performance, career prospects, personal interests,
and parental influence are critical elements in students' decision-making
processes. The findings could inform policies and programs aimed at
enhancing SHS education and assisting students in making informed
decisions about their future education and career paths (Arcillo, Mervin T
et al, 2023).

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The Influence of Family, Peers, and Career Aspiration of Grade 10
Students in Senior High School Strand Selection

By:
Lady Love Macasarte
 Chahara Lambutong
Princess Mhea Moreno
Jessie Jane Chavez
Khemjem Arriesgado
Marven Tiro