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com/cms_concept/print

1/110) Concept title Coordinate Axes (90227)

Text Coordinate Axes

The Cartesian coordinate system, also called a rectangular coordinate system, is based on a two-dimensional plane consisting of the x-axis and
the y-axis. Perpendicular to each other, the axes divide the plane into four sections. Each section is called a quadrant; the quadrants are
numbered counterclockwise as shown in figure below

A two-dimensional plane where the

x-axis is the horizontal axis

y-axis is the vertical axis

A point in the plane is defined as an ordered pair, (x,y), such that x is determined by its horizontal distance from the origin and y is
determined by its vertical distance from the origin.

The distance from a point to the vertical or y-axis is called the abscissa or x-coordinate

Here, OM is x-coordinate

The distance from a point to the horizontal or x-axis is called the ordinate or y-coordinate

Here, PM is y-coordinate

we can represent the point (3,−1) in the plane by moving three units to the right of the origin in the horizontal direction, and one unit down in
the vertical direction.

Conversion Sign of coordinate

XOY X'OY X'OY' XOY'

Quadrants
(I) (II) (III) (IV)
X- coordinate sign + - - +
Y-coordinate sign + + - -
Sign of (x, y) (+, +) (-, +) (-, -) (+, -)

Polar Coordinate of a Point

Consider the figure,

If OP = r and ∠XOP = Θ. Then, the ordered pair of real numbers (r, Θ) called the polar coordinates of the point P.

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From the figure

OM = x = r cos Θ

PM = y = r sin Θ

Example: Point (-5, 2) lies in which quadrant.

Solution

From the table, X-coordinate is -ve and Y-coordinate is +ve. So, the point lies on 2nd quadrant.

Example: A point lies on X-axis at a distance of 10 units from Y-axis, then the coordinates of the point will be

Solution :

Given that point lies on X-axis at a distance of 10 units from the Y-axis, so the point may be on the left of the Y-axis or right of the Y-axis. So,
X-coordinate will be -10 or +10.

And, point lies on X-axis, so Y-coordinate will be 0.

So, the coordinate of the point will be (-10, 0) or (+10, 0)

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Calculus - Page no: 1.1, Line No: 14, Para:
Book
Topic "Rectangular(Or cartesian) coordinate system"
Question A point on the straight line, which is equidistant from the coordinate axes will lie only in :

(57954)
A quadrant
B quadrants
quadrant
C

D quadrants

Cartesian coordinate system -

Coordinate system that specifics each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates.

- wherein

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Let the point will be

1st quadrant and intersection of line

will also give point

for

for

So 1st and 2nd quadrant:

as all point on these lines are equidistant from coordinate axes so we find there intersection and determine quadrant.

What is the distance of point (-3 , -4 ) from the origin ?

(18566)
A 5
B 3
C -3
D -5

As we have learned

Axis -

A fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates.

- wherein

Distance,

What is the ordinate of the reflection of (4,3) in y- axis ?

(18568)
A 3
B -4
C 4
D -3

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As we have learned

Ordinate -
The distance from a point to the horizontal or x-axis.

- wherein
The y coordinate.

Reflection of (4,3) is (-4, 3 ) . Thus ordinate is 3

What is the distance of the point (-3, -5 ) from the y-axis?

(92999)
A 3
B -3
C 5
D -5

Coordinate Axes -

Coordinate Axes

The Cartesian coordinate system, also called a rectangular coordinate system, is based on a two-dimensional plane consisting of the x-axis and the y-
axis. Perpendicular to each other, the axes divide the plane into four sections. Each section is called a quadrant; the quadrants are numbered
counterclockwise as shown in figure below

A two-dimensional plane where the

x-axis is the horizontal axis

y-axis is the vertical axis

A point in the plane is defined as an ordered pair, (x,y), such that x is determined by its horizontal distance from the origin and y is determined by its
vertical distance from the origin.

The distance from a point to the vertical or y-axis is called the abscissa or x-coordinate

Here, OM is x-coordinate

The distance from a point to the horizontal or x-axis is called the ordinate or y-coordinate

Here, PM is y-coordinate

we can represent the point (3,−1) in the plane by moving three units to the right of the origin in the horizontal direction, and one unit down in the
vertical direction.

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Conversion Sign of coordinate

XOY X'OY X'OY' XOY'

Quadrants
(I) (II) (III) (IV)
X- coordinate sign + - - +
Y-coordinate sign + + - -
Sign of (x, y) (+, +) (-, +) (-, -) (+, -)

Polar Coordinate of a Point

Consider the figure,

If OP = r and ∠XOP = Θ. Then, the ordered pair of real numbers (r, Θ) called the polar coordinates of the point P.

From the figure

OM = x = r cos Θ

PM = y = r sin Θ

Example: Point (-5, 2) lies in which quadrant.

Solution

From the table, X-coordinate is -ve and Y-coordinate is +ve. So, the point lies on 2nd quadrant.

Example: A point lies on X-axis at a distance of 10 units from Y-axis, then the coordinates of the point will be

Solution :

Given that point lies on X-axis at a distance of 10 units from the Y-axis, so the point may be on the left of the Y-axis or right of the Y-axis. So, X-
coordinate will be -10 or +10.

And, point lies on X-axis, so Y-coordinate will be 0.

So, the coordinate of the point will be (-10, 0) or (+10, 0)

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-

Distance is always positive and distance will be 3 units

2/110) Concept title Distance between two points (90228)

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Distance between two points

The distance formula is derived from the Pythagorean Theorem and used to find the distance between two points in the plane.

The Pythagoras theorem is

In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

AB is perpendicular to BC, then in ΔABC

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

Point A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) is two point on the plane then distance between them is given by

Text The distance of a point A (x, y) from the origin O (0, 0) is given by

Distance Between Two Points in Polar Coordinate

Consider the figure given below

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.4, Line No: 58, Para:
Book
Topic "Distance Formula and area of polygon"
Question If the equation of the locus of point equidistant from the points is

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(5961)
A

As we learnt in

Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

According to distance formula, PA=PB

i.e. PA2=PB2

On comparing,

A triangle with vertices (4, 0), (–1, –1), (3, 5) is

(5953)
A isosceles and right angled
B isosceles but not right angled
C right angled but not isosceles
D neither right angled nor isosceles

As we learnt in

Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

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A= (4, 0),

B= (–1, –1),

C= (3, 5)

AB2+AC2???????=BC2??????????????

???????

???????

Let be the vertices of a right angled triangle with as its hypotenuse. If the area of the triangle is 1 square unit, then
the set of values which can take is given by

(5993)
A {–1, 3}
B {–3, –2}
C {1, 3}
D {0, 2}

As we learnt in

Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

Also,

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Three circles of radii touch each other externally. If they have x-axis as a common tangent, then:

(33216)

C
a,b,c are in AP

D
are in AP

Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

The locus of the centres of the circles, which touch the circle,

externally , also touch the y-axis and lie in the

first quadrant, is :

(57632)
A
B
C
D

Locus -

Path followed by a point p(x,y) under given condition (s).

- wherein

It is satisfied by all the points (x,y) on the locus.

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Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

Let the centre of one such circle be P(h,k) since it touches y-axis in the first quadrant.

=> its radius = h

Now, since it touches

=>

=>

Hence the required locus is

So, option (2) is correct

Let and be two fixed points. Then the locus of a point P such that the perimeter of is 4, is :

(57937)
A
B

Locus -

Locus of a point that moves so that it is at equal distances from two points , A and B is perpendicular bisector.

- wherein

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Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

then perimeter =

Squaring both sides

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Slope of a line passing through P(2,3) and intersecting the line , at a distance of units from is :

(57998)

Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

Slope of a line -

- wherein

Slope of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Let point be

distance b/w

When

slope of

When

Slope of
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If the two lines are perpendicular , then the distance of their point of intersection
from the origin is :

(58042)

Condition for perpendicular lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of perpendicular lines.

Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

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Let and be the vertices of a triangle ABC. If P is a point inside the triangle ABC such that the triangles APC, APB and

BPC have equal areas, then the length of the line segment PQ, where Q is the point is _____.

(97813)
A 5
B 7
C 9
D 8

Centroid -

Centroid

Centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of the medians of the triangle. A centroid divides the median in the ratio 2:1.

Whereas, the median is the line joining the mid-points of the sides and the opposite vertices.

The coordinates of the centroid of a triangle (G) whose vertices are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3, y3), is given by

If D (a1, b1), E (a2, b2) and F (a3, b3) are the mid point of ΔABC, then its centroid is given by

Distance between two points -

Distance between two points

Point A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) is two point on the plane then distance between them is given by

The distance of a point A (x, y) from the origin O (0, 0) is given by

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A(1,0) B(6,2) C(3/2,6)

Point P is the centroid of triangle ABC

P(17/6,8/3)

Distance between PQ is 5

The intersection of three lines is a :

(117289)
A None of the above
B Equilateral triangle
Isosceles triangle
C

D Right angled triangle

Let point A be the point of intersection of L1 and L2, point B be the point of intersection of L1 and L3, and point C be the point of intersection of
L3 and L2.

A = (1, 1)

B = (2, 2)

C = (3, 0)

so its an isosceles triangle

3/110) Concept title Section Formula (90229)

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Section Formula

1. Internal division

The coordinates of the point P (x, y) dividing the line segment joining the two points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) internally in the ratio m : n is
given by

From the figure, Δ AHP and Δ PKB are similar

Text

If P is the mid point of the line segment AB, then ratio become equals, i.e. m = n, in this case, coordinates of point P is

2. External Division

The coordinates of the point P (x, y) dividing the line segment joining the two points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) externally in the ratio m : n is
given by

NOTE:

If the ratio, in which a given line segment is divided, is to be determined, then sometimes, for convenience (instead of taking the ratio m

: n) we take the ratio λ : 1 and apply the formula for internal division

If the value of λ > 0, it is an internal division, otherwise it is an external division (i.e. when λ < 0 )

To prove A, B, C and D are vertices of

1. Square: Show that the four sides and diagonal are equal and also diagonal bisects each other.

2. Rectangle: Show that opposite sides and diagonal are equal and also diagonal bisects each other.

3. Rhombus: Show that the four sides are equal and diagonals are not equal and also diagonal bisects each other.

4. Parallelogram: Show that opposite sides are equal and diagonal bisects each other.

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.9, Line No: 10, Para:
Book
Topic "Section formula"
Question If a line intercepted between the coordinate axes is trisected at a point A(4, 3),

which is nearer to x-axis, then its equation is :

(3770)
A
B
C
D

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As we learned in

Selection formula -

- wherein

If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

and

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

By section formula:

a=6 and b=9

We get,

Let O be the vertex and Q be any point on the parabola, x2 = 8y. If the point P

divides the line segment OQ internally in the ratio 1 : 3, then the locus of P is :

(3332)
A x2 = y
B y2 = x
C y2 = 2x
D x2 = 2y

As learnt in

Selection formula -

- wherein

If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

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Parametric coordinates

By section formula

eliminating t, we get h2 = 2k

=> x2 = 2y

If the line 2x + y = k passes through the point which divides the line segment joining the points (1, 1) and (2, 4) in the ratio 3 : 2, then k equals

(3975)
A \frac{29}{5}
B
C
D \frac{11}{5}

As learnt in

Selection formula -

- wherein

If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

If a circle C, whose radius is 3, touches externally the circle,

at the point (2, 2), then the length of the intercept cut by this
circle C, on the x-axis is equal to :

(13926)
A
B
C
D

As we have learned

Selection formula -

- wherein

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If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

equation of

X- intercept =

In a triangle ABC, coordinates of A are (1, 2) and the equations of the medians through B and C are respectively, x + y = 5 and x =4. Then area of
ABC (in sq. units)

(14177)
A
B
C
D

As we learned

Selection formula -

- wherein

If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

Mid-point formula -

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- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Median through C is x=4

So let coordinates of C are (4,y)

D is mid point of A(1,2) and C(4,y) is

D is passing via x + y =5 so we get y =3

C = (4, 3)

Centroid C1 = (4,1) passes through medians x=4 and x+y=5

The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin, on the line, is P. If the line meets x-axis at A and y-axis at B, then the ratio
BP : PA is :

(14034)
A 1:3
B 3:1
C 1:9
D 9:1

As we learned,

Selection formula -

- wherein
If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

and

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein

slope

point through which line passes

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and

y-0=

3y = x

and 3x + y =

3(3y)+ =

y=

A tangent to the curve,

meets x-axis at A and y-axis at B. If AP : BP=1 : 3 and (1)=1, then the curve also passes through the point :

(1803)
A \left ( \frac{1}{3},24 \right )
B \left ( \frac{1}{2},4 \right )
C \left ( 2,\frac{1}{8} \right )
D \left ( 3,\frac{1}{28} \right )

As we have learnt in

Selection formula -

- wherein

If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

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A slope of a line -

- wherein

Slope of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

We have,

Now, Slope m=

Also, slope =

So,

If a variable line drawn through the intersection of the lines

meets the coordinate axes at A and B, (A ≠ B), then the locus of the midpoint of AB is :

(2051)
A 6xy = 7(x + y)
B 4( x + y )2 − 28( x + y ) + 49=0
C 7xy = 6( x + y )
D 14( x + y )2 − 97( x + y ) + 168 = 0

As we have learned

Section formula -

- wherein

If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

Family of straight lines -

- wherein

are the equations of the lines and is a constant.

Family of lines

Now for x = 0

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This (h,k ) satisfies

The point diametrically opposite to the point on the circle is

(6000)
A (3, 4)
B (3, – 4)
C (– 3, 4)
D (– 3, – 4)

As we learnt in

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Mid-point formula -

- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Centre is (-1, -2)

If the tangents drawn to the hyperbola intersect the co-ordinate axes at the distinct points A and B, then the locus of the mid point of
AB is :

(14184)
A
B

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C
D

As we learned

Mid-point formula -

- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Locus -

Path followed by a point p(x,y) under given condition (s).

- wherein

It is satisfied by all the points (x,y) on the locus.

Equation of Tangent to Hyperbola -

- wherein

For the Hyperbola

and

Hyperbola is

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Also ,

Two sides of a parallelogram are along the lines, and . If its diagonals intersect at , then one of its vertex is:

(33285)
A (3,6)
B (2,6)
C (3,5)
D (2,1)

Mid-point formula -

- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Two lines

intersects at A (0,3)

Point C is

So,

So, Equation of BC is

and equation of CD is

Solve and

If in a parallelogram ABDC, the coordinates of A,B and C are respectively (1,2), (3,4) and (2,5) , then the equation of the diagonal AD is:

(32845)
A
B
C

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D

Mid-point formula -

- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Two – point form of a straight line -

- wherein

The lines passes through (x_{1}y_{1}) and

As BD and AC are parallel

..............................(1)

As AB and CD are parallel

..............................(2)

Solving (1) and (2)

m=4 and n=7

=>5x-3y+1=0

A rectangle is inscribed in a circle with a diameter lying along the line . If the two adjacent vertices of the rectangle are
, then the area of the rectangle ( in sq. units ) is :

(58054)
A
B 98
C 72
D

Mid-point formula -

- wherein

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If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

centre of circle

Since AB is horizantal C and D can be taken as

this should lie on diameter

\\c=(5,-1)

A triangle has a vertex at (1,2) and the mid points of the two sides

through it are (-1,1) and (2,3). Then the centroid of this triangle is :

(58169)
A

Mid-point formula -

- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Centroid formula -

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- wherein

A(x1,y1) ; B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices of ? ABC.

Centroid of triangle =

The locus of a point which divides the line segment joining the point and a point on the parabola, internally in the ratio is :

(98002)
A
B

Section Formula -

Section Formula

1. Internal division

The coordinates of the point P (x, y) dividing the line segment joining the two points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) internally in the ratio m : n is given by

Locus and its Equation -

Locus and its Equation

When point move in a plane under certain geometrical conditions, then the point traces out a path, This path of the moving point is known as a locus.

For example, let a point O(0,0) is a fixed point (i.e. origin) and a variable point P (x, y) is in the same plane. If point P moves in such a way that the
distance OP is constant r, then point P traces out a circle whose center is O(0, 0) and radius is r.

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Steps to Finding the Equation of Locus

1. Consider the point (h, k) whose locus is to be found.

2. Express the given condition as an equation in terms of the known quantities and unknown parameters.

3. Eliminate the parameters so that eliminant consists only locus coordinates h, k, and known quantities.

4. Now, replace the locus coordinate (h, k) with (x, y) in eliminant.

Correct Option (1)

4/110) Concept title Centroid (90230)
Centroid

Centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of the medians of the triangle. A centroid divides the median in the ratio 2:1.

Whereas, the median is the line joining the mid-points of the sides and the opposite vertices.

The coordinates of the centroid of a triangle (G) whose vertices are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3, y3), is given by

Text If D (a1, b1), E (a2, b2) and F (a3, b3) are the mid point of ΔABC, then its centroid is given by

For Example

Origin is the centroid of a triangle ABC. If other two coordinates of the triangle are A (4, –3) and B (–5, 2), then find the third coordinates of
the triangle

Solution

Let point C is (α, β)

Coordinates of C is (-1, -1)

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Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.10, Line No: 58, Para:

Topic "Centroid"
Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 19, Line No: 1, Para:

the point of intersection of the medians of a triangle is called the centroid of the triangle.
Question Given three points P, Q, R with P(5, 3) and R lies on the x-axis. If equation of RQ is x - 2y = 2 and PQ is parallel to the x-axis,then the centroid of
PQR lies on the line :

(3592)
A 2x+y-9=0
B x-2y+1=0
C 5x-2y=0
D 2x-5y=0

As we learnt in

Centroid formula -

- wherein
A(x1,y1) ; B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices of ? ABC.

We can easily deduce the coordinates as shown.

Given equation of RQ is x - 2y = 2

a-6 = 2

a=8

and b - 0 = 2 b=2

Centroid of

which lies in line 2x - 5y=0

Locus of centroid of the triangle whose vertices are where is a parameter, is

(5960)
A
B
C
D (3x-1)^{2}+(3y)^{2}=a^{2}-b^{2}

As we learnt in

Centroid formula -

- wherein

A(x1,y1) ; B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices of ? ABC.

Let Centroid be (h, k)

k=\frac{a \sin t-b \cos t}{3}.....(2)

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from (1)

Squaring and Adding (3) and (4)

Replace (h,k) with (x,y)

Let ABC be a triangle whose circumcentre is at P. If the position vectors of A, B, C

and P are

respectively, then the position vector of the orthocentre of this triangle, is :

(2148)
A \vec{a}+\vec{b}+\vec{c}
B -\left ( \frac{\vec{a}+\vec{b}+\vec{c}}{2} \right )
C
D \left ( \frac{\vec{a}+\vec{b}+\vec{c}}{2} \right )

Circumcentre of triangle -
Equate the distance of circumcentre from the three vertices.

- wherein

Centroid formula -

- wherein

A(x1,y1) ; B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices of ? ABC.

Euler line -

In any non equilateral triangle the circumcentre (O), the centriod (G) and the orthocentre (H) are collinear and G divides OH in ratio 1:2

- wherein

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Let orthocentre = H

So, PG:GH=1:2

&P,G,H are collinear.

So,

So,

Divide the join of points P(2, 5) and Q(-7, 4) in the ratio 1 : 2 externally.

(18570)
A (-11,6)
(11,6)
B
(11,-6)
C

D (-11,-6)

As we learned

Centroid formula -

- wherein

A(x1,y1) ; B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices of ? ABC.

Let S be the point which divides PQ externally in the ratio 1 : 2. Then the coordinates of S are

i.e. the required point is (11, 6)

A point P moves on the line 2x-3y+4=0. If Q(1,4) and R(3,-2) are fixed points, then the locus of the centroid of is a line:

(33115)
A with slope 3/2
B parallel to x-axis
C with slope 2/3
D parallel to y-axis

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Centroid formula -

- wherein

A(x1,y1) ; B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices of ? ABC.

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein

slope

point through which line passes

Let the point P is (a,b)

from the concept of centroid of triangle

where (h,k) is centroid of triangle .

a= (3h-4) , b = (3k-2)

point (a,b) lies on 2x-3y+4 = 0

2(3h-4) -3(3K-2) + 4 = 0

6h - 8 - 9K + 6 + 4 = 0

=6x -9y + 2 = 0

slope =

A triangle has a vertex at (1,2) and the mid points of the two sides

through it are (-1,1) and (2,3). Then the centroid of this triangle is :

(58169)
A

Mid-point formula -

- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Centroid formula -

- wherein

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A(x1,y1) ; B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices of ? ABC.

Centroid of triangle =

What is the equation of median of ?

(18569)
A x = 3y +5
B x = 3y - 5
C y = 3x +5
D y = 3x -5

As we have learned

Median -

A median of a triangle is line segment joining a vertex to mid- point of opposite side.

- wherein

mid point of BC is (2,1)

Thus equation of median AD is

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y-1 = 3x - 6

y = 3x - 5

Which centre of triangle is the balance point of the triangle ?

(18571)
A orthocentre
B centroid
C circumcentre
D incentre

As we have learned

Centroid -

The point of intersection of the three median of a triangle.

- wherein

The three medians of triangle intersect at centroid . It is also called as triangle's balance point or centre of gravity

Let C the centroid of the triangle with vertices Let P be the point of intersection of the lines and
Then the line passing through the points C and P also passes through the point:

(98026)
A
B
C
D

Centroid -

Centroid

Centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of the medians of the triangle. A centroid divides the median in the ratio 2:1.

Whereas, the median is the line joining the mid-points of the sides and the opposite vertices.

The coordinates of the centroid of a triangle (G) whose vertices are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3, y3), is given by

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If D (a1, b1), E (a2, b2) and F (a3, b3) are the mid point of ΔABC, then its centroid is given by

Point of intersection of two lines -

Point of intersection of two lines

Equation of two non-parallel line is

If P (x1, y1) is a point of intersection of L1 and L2 , then solving these two equations of the line by cross multiplication

We get,

Equation of Straight Line (Part 2) -

Equation of Straight Line

(c) Two-point form

The equation of a straight line passing through the two given points (x1,y1) and (x1,y1)is given by

The centroid of triangle ABC D(2,2)

Point of intersection P

equation of line DP is 8x – 11y + 6 = 0

Point (–9,–6) satisfies the equation

Let and be the vertices of a triangle ABC. If P is a point inside the triangle ABC such that the triangles APC, APB and

BPC have equal areas, then the length of the line segment PQ, where Q is the point is _____.

(97813)
A 5
B 7
C 9
D 8

Centroid -

Centroid

Centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of the medians of the triangle. A centroid divides the median in the ratio 2:1.

Whereas, the median is the line joining the mid-points of the sides and the opposite vertices.

The coordinates of the centroid of a triangle (G) whose vertices are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3, y3), is given by

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If D (a1, b1), E (a2, b2) and F (a3, b3) are the mid point of ΔABC, then its centroid is given by

Distance between two points -

Distance between two points

Point A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) is two point on the plane then distance between them is given by

The distance of a point A (x, y) from the origin O (0, 0) is given by

A(1,0) B(6,2) C(3/2,6)

Point P is the centroid of triangle ABC

P(17/6,8/3)

Distance between PQ is 5
5/110) Concept title Incentre (90235)

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Incentre

Incentre is the point of intersection of internal angle bisectors of triangle. And it is denoted by I. The coordinates of Incentre (I) of triangle,
whose vertices are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3, y3), is given by

Where, a, b and c are the length of side BC, CA and AB respectively.

If ΔABC is equilateral triangle, then a = b = c

Coordinates of Incentre (I) = Coordinates of Centroid (G) =

Text

Example

Find the incentre of the triangle whose vertices are A (2, 3), B(-2, -5) and C(-4, 6).

Solution:

First, we need to find the length of each side of the triangle

Now, incentre

Where,

Hence, the incentre of the triangle is (-1, 2)

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.13, Line No: 46, Para:

Topic "Incentre"
Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 22, Line No: 1, Para:

the point of intersection of internal angle bisectors of triangle is called the incentre of the tringle .
Question What is the radius of the circle shown below ?

[Link] 39/254
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(18572)
A 2 units
B 1.5 units
C 1 unit
D 2.2 units

As we have learned

Incircle -

A circle in scribed inside a triangle

- wherein

What is the abssica of incentre of the triangle shown below ?

(18574)
A 12/7
B 11/7
C 13/7
D 2

As we have learned

Incentre -

The point of intersection of the three angle bisectors of a triangle.

- wherein

The centre of the inscribed circle of the triangle

Formula of abssica of incentre =

The coordinate of the incentre of the triangle that has the coordinates of mid points of its sides as (0,1) (1,1) and (1,0) is :

(3940)
A 1-\sqrt{2}
B 2+\sqrt{2}
C 2-\sqrt{2}

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D 1+\sqrt{2}

As we learnt in

Incentre of triangle -

- wherein

A,b,c are the length of sides of ? ABC and A(x1,y1) B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices.

On solving h=0, k=2

Triangle becomes

coordinate is

6/110) Concept title Circumcentre and Orthocentre (90237)

Text Circumcentre and Orthocentre

The Circumcentre (O) of a triangle is the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle. In simple words, the
line through the midpoint of a side and perpendicular to it.

Circumcentre is also defined as the center of a circle that passes through the vertices of a given triangle.

Coordinates of Circumcentre (O) is

OR

Where, a, b and c are the length of side BC, CA and AB respectively.

Orthocentre:

The Orthocentre (H) of a triangle is the point of intersection of altitudes which is drawn from one vertex to the opposite side of a triangle.

Coordinates of Orthocentre (H) is

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OR

Where, a, b and c are the length of side BC, CA and AB respectively.

Example

Find the coordinates of the circumcenter of the triangle whose vertices are A (5, - 1), B (- 1, 5) and C (6, 6).

Solution:

Let P (x, y) be the circumcentre of the triangle ABC.

From PA = PB = PC, we get

PA2 = PB2 = PC2

(x - 5)2 + (y + 1)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y - 5)2

or x2- 10x + 25 + y2 + 2y + 1 = x2 + 2x + 1 + y2- 10y + 25

or x - y = 0 … (1)

and (x + 1)2 + (y - 5)2 = (x - 6)2 + (y - 6)2

or 7x + y - 23 = 0. … (2)

From (1) and (2), we get

Hence the coordinates of the circumcentre are .

Example

Find the orthocentre of the triangle whose vertices are (1,2) ; (1,5) ; (7, 5)

Solution:

As we have learned

Orthocentre -

The point of intersection of the altitude of a triangle.

- wherein

The given triangle is a right-angled triangle

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The orthocenter is the vertex containing right angle

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.11, Line No: 31, Para:

Topic "Ciccumcentre" on page number 1.11 and "orthocentre" on the page number 1.12
Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 7, Line No: 23, Para:

is A, B, C be the vertices of a triangle and we have to find the coordinates of the circumcenter then, let the circumcenter be P(x,y) and
Question Let ABC be a triangle whose circumcentre is at P. If the position vectors of A, B, C

and P are

respectively, then the position vector of the orthocentre of this triangle, is :

(2148)
A \vec{a}+\vec{b}+\vec{c}
B -\left ( \frac{\vec{a}+\vec{b}+\vec{c}}{2} \right )
C
D \left ( \frac{\vec{a}+\vec{b}+\vec{c}}{2} \right )

Circumcentre of triangle -
Equate the distance of circumcentre from the three vertices.

- wherein

Centroid formula -

- wherein
A(x1,y1) ; B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices of ? ABC.

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Euler line -

In any non equilateral triangle the circumcentre (O), the centriod (G) and the orthocentre (H) are collinear and G divides OH in ratio 1:2

- wherein

Let orthocentre = H

So, PG:GH=1:2

&P,G,H are collinear.

So,

So,

Find the coordinate of the circumcenter of triangle whose vertices are A (5, - 1), B (- 1, 5) and C (6, 6).

(18573)

as we learned

Circumcircle -

A circle circumscribing a triangle.

- wherein

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Let P (x, y) be the circumcentre of the triangle ABC.

From PA = PB = PC, we get

PA2 = PB2 = PC2

(x - 5)2 + (y + 1)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y - 5)2

or x2- 10x + 25 + y2 + 2y + 1 = x2 + 2x + 1 + y2- 10y + 25

or x - y = 0 … (1)

and (x + 1)2 + (y - 5)2 = (x - 6)2 + (y - 6)2

or 7x + y - 23 = 0. … (2)

From (1) and (2), we get

Hence the coordinates of the circumcentre are

Three distinct points A,B and C are given in the 2-dimensional coordinate plane such that the ratio of the distance of any one of them from the point
(1, 0) to the distance from the point ( –1, 0) is equal to 1/3. Then the circumcentre of the triangle ABC is at the point

(5780)

As we learnt in

Circumcentre -

The point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle.

- wherein
The centre of the circumcircle of a triangle.

Let X be (h,k) and all these 3 points A,B and C lie on the locus of X.

Let A be (1,0) and B be (-1,0)

given that

Centre is

Circumstance is

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Find the orthocentre of the triangle whose vertices are (1,2) ; (1,5) ; (7, 5)

(18575)
A (3,2)
B (3,1)
C (4,3)
D none

As we have learned

Orthocentre -
The point of intersection of the altitude of a triangle.

- wherein

The given triangle is a right angled triangle

The orthocenter is the vertex conatinig right angle

Two vertices of a triangle are (0,2) and (4,3). If its orthocentre is at the origin, then its third vertex lies in which quadrant?

(33295)
A first
B fourth
C second
D third

Orthocentre -
The point of intersection of the altitude of a triangle.

- wherein

From the concept we have learnt

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....................................(1)

................................(2)

`from (1) and (2)

IInd quadrant

If ABC is a triangle such that AB=AC and the median of ABC is given as equation 2x+y=7. Which of the following can be the coordinates of
incentre?

(18625)
A (2,1)
B (1,2)
C (3,1)
D (1,3)

As we learnt

Isosceles triangle -

Centriod, circumcentre, orthocentre and incentre lie on the same line.

Since all the centres should lie on the line of symmetry.

in the case of equilateral triangle , the distance between the centroid and the orthocentre is

(18576)
A Twice the distance between centroid and circumcentre
B Half the distance between centroid and circumcentre
C equal to the distance between centroid and circumcentre
D All of the above

As we have learned

Equilateral triangle -

Centriod, circumcentre, orthocentre and incentre coincide.

Since in equilateral triangle

GH = 0 and OG = 0

Thus all are true

If the area of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle, is [Link] then c is equal to:

(33304)
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A -25
B 13
C 25
D 20

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Equilateral triangle -
Centriod, circumcentre, orthocentre and incentre coincide.

From the concept

Radius=

Where is the orthocentre of right angled triangle ?

(18577)
A vertex with hypoteneuse and base
B vertex with hypoteneuse and height
C vertex with base and height
D somewhere in middle of triangle

As we have learned

Orthocentre of a right angled -

Orthocenter of a right angled triangle is the vertex containing the right angle.

- wherein

All the three altitudes meet at the vertex containing right angle.

Since vertex conatinig right angle is vertex with base and height , then it is the orthocentre

If a has vertices and , then its orthocentre has coordinates :

(111805)
\left ( -\frac{3}{5},\frac{3}{5} \right )
A

B (-3,3)
\left ( \frac{3}{5},-\frac{3}{5} \right )
C

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Solving Rq (1) and (2)

we get

7/110) Concept title Excenters of Triangle (90238)

Excenters of Triangle

An excenter is a point at which the line bisecting one interior angle meets the bisectors of the two exterior angles on the opposite side.

The circle opposite to the vertex A is called the escribed circle or the circle escribed to the side BC . If I1 is the point of intersection of the
internal bisector of ∠BAC and external bisector of ∠ABC and ∠ACB then,

Coordinates of I1 , I2 and I3 is given by

Text

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.14, Line No: 49, Para:

Topic "Excenters of Triangle"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 25, Line No: 7, Para:

This is the point of intersection of the external bisectors oft he angles of the triangles.
Question If is a equalateral triangle of side a then find the minimum distance between two excentres ?

(93006)
A a

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B

C 2a
D

Excenters of Triangle -

Excenters of Triangle

An excenter is a point at which the line bisecting one interior angle meets the bisectors of the two exterior angles on the opposite side.

The circle opposite to the vertex A is called the escribed circle or the circle escribed to the side BC . If I1 is the point of intersection of the internal
bisector of ∠BAC and external bisector of ∠ABC and ∠ACB then,

Coordinates of I1 , I2 and I3 is given by

Distance between any two excentres is 2a.

Note:-

The excentres of an equilateral triangle is equidistant from each other and this distance is twise of side of triangle

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are the vertices of a triangle, then the excentre with respect to B is ?

(93003)

D None of these

Excenters of Triangle -

Excenters of Triangle

An excenter is a point at which the line bisecting one interior angle meets the bisectors of the two exterior angles on the opposite side.

The circle opposite to the vertex A is called the escribed circle or the circle escribed to the side BC . If I1 is the point of intersection of the internal
bisector of ∠BAC and external bisector of ∠ABC and ∠ACB then,

Coordinates of I1 , I2 and I3 is given by

From the above concept

Correct answer is option 1

8/110) Concept title Area of Triangle (90241)

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Area of Triangle

If vertices of a triangle ABC given as A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) then area of ΔABC is

Text

Area of an n-sided polygon

The area of a polygon whose vertices are (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3)............(xn, yn) taken in cyclic order is given by

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.6, Line No: 13, Para:

Topic "Area of Triangle" in the Area of polygon

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 204, Line No: 12, Para:
Book
Area of the triangle whose vertices are ( ), ( ) and ( ) is

Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 28, Line No: 1, Para:

the area of the triangle, the coordinate of whose vertices are ( ), ( ) and ( ) is -
Question
The points

(2572)
A form an obtuse angled triangle.
B form an acute angled triangle.
C form a right angled triangle.
D lie on a straight line.

As we learnt in

Area of triangle -

- wherein
vertices of ? ABC are A(x1,y1) , B(x2,y2), C(x3,y3)

Condition of co linearity of three points -

- wherein

The three points are A(x1,y1) , B(x2,y2), C(x3,y3).

Let the points given be A, B, C

Area of

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=\frac{1}{2}\left [ 0-27+\frac{82}{3} -\frac{82}{3}\right ]

Since no triangle is formed.

Hence, points are collinear.

Let k be an integer such that the triangle with vertices (k, −3k), (5, k) and (−k, 2) has area 28 sq. units. Then the orthocentre of this triangle is at the
point :

(1894)
A \left ( 1,\frac{3}{4} \right )
B \left ( 1,-\frac{3}{4} \right )

D \left ( 2,-\frac{1}{2} \right )

As we learnt in

Area of triangle -

- wherein

vertices of ? ABC are A(x1,y1) , B(x2,y2), C(x3,y3)

Area = 28 sq units

or 5K^2 +13K-46=0

On solving K= 2 is only integer.

Slope of AC=-2

Slope of BE =1/2

Equation of BE is

which is satisfied by

Let two points be A(1,-1) and If a point be such that the area of . units and it lies on the line,
3x+y-4\lambda =0, then a value of is :

(98048)
A
B

Area of Triangle -

Area of Triangle

If vertices of a triangle ABC given as A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) then area of ΔABC is

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Area of an n-sided polygon

The area of a polygon whose vertices are (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3)............(xn, yn) taken in cyclic order is given by

Correct Option (4)

Let a line intersect the parabola, at a point P, oyher than the origin. Let the tangent to it at P meet the x-axis at the point Q.
If area then m is equal to _____.

(98021)

Area of Triangle -

Area of Triangle

If vertices of a triangle ABC given as A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) then area of ΔABC is

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Area of an n-sided polygon

The area of a polygon whose vertices are (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3)............(xn, yn) taken in cyclic order is given by

Tangents of Parabola in Parametric Form -

Tangents of Parabola in Parametric Form

Correct Option (3)

In the circle given below,let unit, unit and . Then, the area of the triangle (in square units ) is :

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(117317)
A
B

To solve this concept, we will use two concepts that we have learnt in class 9 or 10.

The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord.

If two chords of a circle intersect each other, then the products of the lengths of their segments are equal.

PQ and OB are the chords of the circle

Given OA = 1 unit, OB = 13 unit, so, AB = 12 unit

Let A (-1, 1), B ( 3,4) and C (2,0) be given three points. A line y = mx, m > 0, intersects lines AC and BC at point P and Q respectively. Let A1 and
A2 be the area of and respectively, such that , then the value of m is equal to:

(120671)
A \frac{4}{15}
B 3
C 2
D 1

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9/110) Concept title Locus and its Equation (90244)

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Locus and its Equation

When point move in a plane under certain geometrical conditions, then the point traces out a path, This path of the moving point is known as
a locus.

For example, let a point O(0,0) is a fixed point (i.e. origin) and a variable point P (x, y) is in the same plane. If point P moves in such a way
that the distance OP is constant r, then point P traces out a circle whose center is O(0, 0) and radius is r.

Steps to Finding the Equation of Locus

Text 1. Consider the point (h, k) whose locus is to be found.

2. Express the given condition as an equation in terms of the known quantities and unknown parameters.

3. Eliminate the parameters so that eliminant consists only locus coordinates h, k, and known quantities.

4. Now, replace the locus coordinate (h, k) with (x, y) in eliminant.

Illustriation -

Find the equation of the locus of the point which is at a constant distance of 5 units from a point (2, 3)

Solution

Let A = (2, 3) and B = (h, k)

AB = constant = 5

(AB)2 = 52 = 25

(AB)2 = (h - 2)2 + (k - 3)2 = 25

h2 - 4h +4 + k2 - 6k + 9 = 25

The equation of locus is

x2 + y2 - 4x - 6y -12 = 0

Later in this chapter, we will see that this equation represents circle with centre at the point (2, 3) with radius 5 unit
Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.21, Line No: 49, Para:

Topic "Locus and its Equation"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 34, Line No: 1, Para:

the locus of a moving point is the path traced out by that point under one or more given conditions.
Question Let O be the vertex and Q be any point on the parabola, x2 = 8y. If the point P

divides the line segment OQ internally in the ratio 1 : 3, then the locus of P is :

(3332)
A x2 = y
B y2 = x
C y2 = 2x
D x2 = 2y

[Link] 58/254
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As learnt in

Selection formula -

- wherein

If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

Parametric coordinates

By section formula

eliminating t, we get h2 = 2k

=> x2 = 2y

The locus of the point of intersection of the straight lines,

tx−2y−3t=0

x−2ty+3=0 (t R), is :

(1774)

A
an ellipse with eccentricity
B an ellipse with the length of major axis 6
C a hyperbola with eccentricity
D a hyperbola with the length of conjugate axis 3

As we learnt in

Locus -
Path followed by a point p(x,y) under given condition (s).

- wherein
It is satisfied by all the points (x,y) on the locus.

Conjugate axis -

The line through the centre and perpendicular to transverse axis.

- wherein

tx-2y-3t=0

x-2ty+3=0 (t\epsilon R)

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On solving, t=\frac{(x+3)}{2y} from second equation

Bow from first equation

x\frac{(x+3)}{2y}-2y-3\frac{(x+3)}{2y}=0

x^{2}+3x-4y^{2}-3x-9=0

x^{2}-4y^{2}=9

\frac{x^{2}}{9}-\frac{y^{2}}{(9/4)}=1

Here a=3, b=

Length of conjugrate axis

=2b=3

A straight line through a fixed point (2, 3) intersects the coordinate axes at distinctpoints P and Q. If O is the origin and the rectangle OPRQ is
completed, then the locus of R is :

(13809)
A 3x+2y=6xy
B 3x + 2y = 6
C 2x +3y =xy
D 3x+2y =xy

As we have learnt in

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Equation of PQ is

\frac{x}{h}+\frac{y}{k}= 1

i.e put (x,y) \Rightarrow \left ( 2,3 \right )

{\frac{2}{h}}+{\frac{3}{k}}=1

3x+2y= xy

The locus of the point of intersection of the lines, \sqrt2x-y+4\sqrt2k = 0 and \sqrt{2} k x+k y-4 \sqrt{2} k=0 (k is any non-zero real parameter),
is :

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(13946)
A an ellipse whose eccentricity is \frac{1}{\sqrt3}
B an ellipse with length of its major axis
C a hyperbola whose eccentricity is
D a hyperbola with length of its transverse axis

As we have learned

Locus -
Path followed by a point p(x,y) under given condition (s).

- wherein
It is satisfied by all the points (x,y) on the locus.

Transverse axis -

The line through the foci of the hyperbola.

- wherein

Hyperbola -

Hyperbola is locus of all the points in a plane ,the difference of whose distance from two fixed point is constant.

- wherein

\sqrt2x-y= -4\sqrt2k

k(\sqrt2x+y)= 4\sqrt2

also (\sqrt2x+y)(\sqrt2x-y)= -16\cdot 2

\frac{y^{2}}{32}-\frac{x^{2}}{16}=1

this is hyperbola a^{2}=32 \Rightarrow a=4\sqrt2

transverse axis = 2a =

If the tangents drawn to the hyperbola intersect the co-ordinate axes at the distinct points A and B, then the locus of the mid point of
AB is :

(14184)
A
B
C
D

As we learned

Mid-point formula -

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- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Locus -

Path followed by a point p(x,y) under given condition (s).

- wherein
It is satisfied by all the points (x,y) on the locus.

Equation of Tangent to Hyperbola -

- wherein

For the Hyperbola

and

Hyperbola is

Also ,

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A circle cuts a chord of length 4a on the x-axis and passes through a point on the y-axis, distant 2b from the origin. Then the locus of the center of this
circle, is:

(32843)
A an ellipse
B a parabola
C a straight line
D a hyperbola

Locus -

Path followed by a point p(x,y) under given condition (s).

- wherein
It is satisfied by all the points (x,y) on the locus.

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Equation of Circle

passes through (0 , 2b )

.......................(1)

=>2\sqrt{g^{2}-c}=4a..........................(2)

=>{g^{2}-c}=4a^{2}

=>{c}=g^{2}-4a^{2}

Putting in (1)

=>4b^{2}+4fb+g^{2}-4a^{2}=0

=>x^{2}+4yb+4(b^{2}-a^{2})=0

which is equation of parabola.

The locus of the centres of the circles, which touch the circle,

externally , also touch the y-axis and lie in the

first quadrant, is :

(57632)
A
B
C
D

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Locus -
Path followed by a point p(x,y) under given condition (s).

- wherein

It is satisfied by all the points (x,y) on the locus.

Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

Let the centre of one such circle be P(h,k) since it touches y-axis in the first quadrant.

=> its radius = h

Now, since it touches

=>

=>

Hence the required locus is

So, option (2) is correct

What is the locus of point equidistant from the point (3,0) and (5,2) ?

(18584)
A x-y=5
B x+y=5
C x + 2y = 3
D x -y = 2

As we have learned

Locus -
Locus of a point that moves so that it is at equal distances from two points , A and B is perpendicular bisector.

- wherein

Let (x,y) be the point

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\sqrt{(x-3)^2+y^2}=\sqrt{(x-5)^2+(y-2)^2}\\ x^2-6x+9+y^2=x^2-10x+25+y^2-4y+4\\ \quad 4x+4y-20=0

x+y=5

Let and be two fixed points. Then the locus of a point P such that the perimeter of is 4, is :

(57937)
A
B

Locus -

Locus of a point that moves so that it is at equal distances from two points , A and B is perpendicular bisector.

- wherein

Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

then perimeter =

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Squaring both sides

What does the equation represents ?

(18585)
A Hyperbola
B ellipse
C circle
D straight line

As we have learned

Locus -

Every locus can be represented by some equation and conversely every equation represent some locus.

represents a circle with centre (0,0)

and radius 4

Let PQ be a double ordinate of the parabola,

where P lies in the second quadrant. If R divides PQ in the ratio 2 : 1, then the locus of R is :

(3242)
A
B
C
D

As learnt in Concept

Double ordinate -

The chord of parabola perpendicular to the axis of symmetry.

Locus -
Locus of a point at a constant distance from a fixed point is a circle.

- wherein

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Coordinates of R

Eliminating t and a = -1

we get

The locus of a point which divides the line segment joining the point and a point on the parabola, internally in the ratio is :

(98002)
A
B

Section Formula -

Section Formula

1. Internal division

The coordinates of the point P (x, y) dividing the line segment joining the two points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) internally in the ratio m : n is given by

Locus and its Equation -

Locus and its Equation

When point move in a plane under certain geometrical conditions, then the point traces out a path, This path of the moving point is known as a locus.

For example, let a point O(0,0) is a fixed point (i.e. origin) and a variable point P (x, y) is in the same plane. If point P moves in such a way that the
distance OP is constant r, then point P traces out a circle whose center is O(0, 0) and radius is r.

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Steps to Finding the Equation of Locus

1. Consider the point (h, k) whose locus is to be found.

2. Express the given condition as an equation in terms of the known quantities and unknown parameters.

3. Eliminate the parameters so that eliminant consists only locus coordinates h, k, and known quantities.

4. Now, replace the locus coordinate (h, k) with (x, y) in eliminant.

Correct Option (1)

If the locus of the mid-point of the line segment from the point (3,2) to a point on the circle, is a circle of radius r, then r is equal to:

(117233)
A

C
D 1

10/110) Concept title Transformations of Axes (90245)

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Transformations of Axes

Shifting of Origin

Point P has coordinate (x, y) in the original coordinate system, i.e. in xy-coordinate system. If the axes are shifted a distance h to the right and
k to the upward, the origin takes neq position as O’(h, k). Here (h, k) is w.r.t. The original coordinate system (i.e. YOX)

Text

The coordinates of the point P are now (X, Y) = (x - h, y - k) w.r.t. The new coordinate system (i.e. Y’O’X’).

Thus, x = x - h and Y = y - k

Or, x = X + h and y = Y + k

If the function f(x, y) = 0 is with respect to original coordinate system, then the equation with respect to new coordinate system is f(x + h, y +
k) = 0.
Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.2, Line No: 28, Para:

Topic "Transformations of Axes"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 39, Line No: 13, Para:

to change the origin of coordinates to another point(h,k) wheres the directions of axes remain unaltered.
Question What is the coordinates of P when origin is shifted from (0,0) to (4,5)

(18586)
A (1,2)
B (6,8)
C (-2,-2)
D none

As we have learned

Translation of axes -

If origin is shifted from ; then the new coordinates for are .

- wherein

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New coordinates are x = (2,-4)

= -2

y = (3, -5 ) = -2

Q (-2,-2)

Suppose the origin is shifted to the point (2, 2). Find the new coordinates of the point (2, 3)

(93010)
A (0,1)
B (1,1)
C (2,3)
D (0,-1)

Transformations of Axes -

Transformations of Axes

Shifting of Origin

Point P has coordinate (x, y) in the original coordinate system, i.e. in xy-coordinate system. If the axes are shifted a distance h to the right and k to the
upward, the origin takes neq position as O’(h, k). Here (h, k) is w.r.t. The original coordinate system (i.e. YOX)

The coordinates of the point P are now (X, Y) = (x - h, y - k) w.r.t. The new coordinate system (i.e. Y’O’X’).

Thus, x = x - h and Y = y - k

Or, x = X + h and y = Y + k

If the function f(x, y) = 0 is with respect to original coordinate system, then the equation with respect to new coordinate system is f(x + h, y + k) = 0.

Let (X, Y) be the new coordinates. Therefore we have

2=X+2

3=Y+2

New coordinate of (2, 3) is (0, 1)

11/110) Concept title Rotation of Axes About Origin (90246)

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Rotation of Axes About Origin

P(x, y) is the point in the original coordinate system and axes are rotated by an angle ? anticlockwise direction about the origin. Then, the
coordinates of point P with respect to the new coordinate system is (X, Y) = (x cos ? + y sin ?, y cos ? - x sin ? ).

OX and OY are original system of coordinate axes and OX’ and OY’ are the new system of coordinate axes. PM and PN are perpendicular to
OX and OX’ and also NL and NQ perpendicular OX and PM.

We have

From the figure:

Text

Solving (i) and (ii), we get

X = x cos ? + y sin ?

Y = y cos ? - x sin ?

AID TO MEMORY

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.3, Line No: 43, Para:

Topic "Rotation of Axes about Origin"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 40, Line No: 25, Para:

Rotation of axes (Change of Direction of Axes)

Question Write the equation in terms of a rotated -system if the angle of rotation from the x -axis to the -axis is .

(93012)

D None of these

Rotation of Axes About Origin -

Rotation of Axes About Origin

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P(x, y) is the point in the original coordinate system and axes are rotated by an angle ? anticlockwise direction about the origin. Then, the coordinates
of point P with respect to the new coordinate system is (X, Y) = (x cos ? + y sin ?, y cos ? - x sin ? ).

OX and OY are original system of coordinate axes and OX’ and OY’ are the new system of coordinate axes. PM and PN are perpendicular to OX and
OX’ and also NL and NQ perpendicular OX and PM.

We have

From the figure:

Solving (i) and (ii), we get

X = x cos ? + y sin ?

Y = y cos ? - x sin ?

AID TO MEMORY

If a vertex of a triangle is (1, 1) and the mid points of two sides through this vertex are (–1, 2) and (3, 2), and if this triangle is rotated with about
the origin O then the centroid of the triangle is

(5978)

Rotation of Axes About Origin -

Rotation of Axes About Origin

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P(x, y) is the point in the original coordinate system and axes are rotated by an angle ? anticlockwise direction about the origin. Then, the coordinates
of point P with respect to the new coordinate system is (X, Y) = (x cos ? + y sin ?, y cos ? - x sin ? ).

OX and OY are original system of coordinate axes and OX’ and OY’ are the new system of coordinate axes. PM and PN are perpendicular to OX and
OX’ and also NL and NQ perpendicular OX and PM.

We have

From the figure:

Solving (i) and (ii), we get

X = x cos ? + y sin ?

Y = y cos ? - x sin ?

AID TO MEMORY

As we learnt in

Centroid formula -

- wherein

A(x1,y1) ; B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices of ? ABC.

Coordinate of B is (-3,3) and coordinate of C is (5,3)

Centroid is =\left ( 1,\frac{7}{3} \right )

Now its rotated 450 , means axis rotated -450 about origin O then new centroid so use \theta =-45^{\circ}

12/110) Concept title Straight Line (90254)

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Text Straight Line

Straight Line and Slope of a Line

It is a curve such that all points on the line segment joining any two points on it lies on it. Every equation of first degree in x, y represents a
straight line.

General equation of a straight line is given as ax + by + c = 0 where a, b and c are from the real number and at least one of a and b is non-
zero.

Slope of a Line

Slope is the measure of direction in which a line is drawn. A line in a coordinate plane forms two angles with the x-axis, which are
supplementary.

The angle (say) θ made by the line l with the positive direction of the x-axis and measured anticlockwise is called the inclination of the line.

The trigonometrical tangent of an angle that a line makes with the positive direction of the x-axis in an anticlockwise sense is called the slope
or gradient of the line.

If θ is the angle at which a straight line is inclined to a positive direction of the x-axis, then the slope is defined by m = tan θ

If a line is equally inclined with the coordinate axes (as shown in figure) then it will make an angle of 450 and 1350 wrt positive direction of x-
axis.

In this case the slope will be tan(450) or tan(1350). i.e. m = 1 or m = -1.

The slope of the line joining two Points

If and are two points on a straight line then the slope of the line is

Intercepts of a Line and Slope of a line having given the equation

X-Intercept: The distance on the x-axis from the origin where the straight line cuts it. Here straight line cuts X-axis at (x, 0) so the length of x-
intercepts will be |x|.

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y-intercept: The distance on the y-axis from the origin where the straight line cuts it. Here straight line cuts Y-axis at (0, y) so the length of y-
intercepts will be |y|.

The general equation of the straight line is ax + by + c = 0.

To get the slope of a line we need two points on the line. The line meets the coordinate axes at points A(-c/a, 0) and B(0,-c/b)

Illustriation

What is the value of y- intercept for the line 4x - 3y + 9 = 0

Solution

For y-intercept, x = 0,

4(0) - 3y + 9 = 0

3y = 9

y=3

Y-intercept = 3

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Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.15, Line No: 58, Para:

Topic "Slope of a line"

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 205, Line No: 9, Para:

If q is the inclination of a line , then tan q is called the slope or gradient of

Book the line .

Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 75, Line No: 5, Para:

if inclination of a line is , then is called the slope of the line.

slope of line
Question For the curve y = 3 sin cos , x= e^{\theta } sin , 0\leq \theta \leq \pi, the tangent is parallel to x-axis when is :

(3674)
A

As we learnt in

Slope of a line -
If is the angle at which a straight line is inclined to a positive direction of x-axis, then the slope is defined by

m= \tan \Theta.

- wherein

y=3sin\theta cos\theta =\frac{3}{2}sin2\theta

\\\frac{dy}{d\theta}=\frac{3}{2}\times 2\cos2\theta=3\cos2\theta\\\frac{dx}{d\theta}=e^\theta(\sin \theta+\cos \theta)

\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{\frac{dy}{d\theta }}{\frac{dx}{d\theta }} =\frac{{3}\cos2\theta }{e^{\theta}(\sin\theta +\cos\theta )}

For tangent to be parellel to x-axis, slope = 0

\frac{3cos2\theta }{e^{\theta}(sin\theta +cos\theta )}=0

\Rightarrow 2\theta =\frac{\pi}{2}

\Rightarrow \theta =\frac{\pi}{4}

A square of side a lies above the axis and has one vertex at the origin. The side passing through the origin makes an angle
\alpha (0< \alpha < \pi /4) with the positive direction of axis. The equation of its diagonal not passing through the origin is

(5958)
A y(\cos \alpha +\sin \alpha )+x(\sin \alpha -\cos \alpha )=a
B y(\cos \alpha +\sin \alpha )+x(\sin \alpha +\cos \alpha )=a
C y(\cos \alpha +\sin \alpha )+x(\cos \alpha - \sin \alpha )=a
D y(\cos \alpha -\sin \alpha )-x(\sin \alpha -\cos \alpha )=a

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As we learnt in

Two – point form of a straight line -

- wherein

The lines passes through (x_{1}y_{1}) and

Slope of a line -

If is the angle at which a straight line is inclined to a positive direction of x-axis, then the slope is defined by

m= \tan \Theta.

- wherein

Equation of diagonal AB is

\left ( y-a \sin\alpha \right )= \left ( \frac{a \cos \alpha-a sin\alpha }{-a \sin \alpha - a \cos \alpha} \right ) (x- a \cos \alpha )

\Rightarrow y (\sin \alpha + \cos \alpha) + x (\cos \alpha - \sin \alpha) = 0

The normal to a curve at P(x,y) meets the axis at G . If the distance of G from the origin is twice the abscissa of , then the curve is a

(5997)
A circle
B hyperbola
C straight line
D parabola

As we learnt in

Slope of a line -

- wherein

Slope of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

If slope of tangent = m

We get \frac{y-y_{1}}{x-x_{1}}=\frac{-1}{m} as equation of normal.

If normal meets x-axis again, we get:

x=my_{1}+x_{1}

Distance of QG = 2 (abscissa of P)
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i.e.,

\Rightarrow m=\frac{x_{1}}{y_{1}}\:\:\:\:at\:\:\:\:(x_{1}y_{1})

Generalising

\frac{y^{2}}{2}=\frac{x^{2}}{2}+c

\frac{x^{2}}{2}-\frac{y^{2}}{2}=c which is a Hyperbola.

If falls inside the angle made by the lines y=\frac{x}{2},x> 0\; and \, y=3x,x> 0,\; then\; a belongs to

(5990)
A \left ( 0,\; \frac{1}{2} \right )\;
B \; (3,\infty )\;
C \; \left ( \frac{1}{2},\; 3 \right )\;
D \; \left ( -3,\; -\frac{1}{2} \right )\;

As we learnt in

Slope of a line -

- wherein
Slope of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Slope of OP=\frac{a^{2}}{a}=a

now slop of y=\frac{x}{2} is

Slop of y=3x is m=3

Thus

A tangent to the curve,

meets x-axis at A and y-axis at B. If AP : BP=1 : 3 and (1)=1, then the curve also passes through the point :

(1803)
A \left ( \frac{1}{3},24 \right )
B \left ( \frac{1}{2},4 \right )
C \left ( 2,\frac{1}{8} \right )
D \left ( 3,\frac{1}{28} \right )

As we have learnt in

Selection formula -

- wherein
If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

A slope of a line -

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- wherein

Slope of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

We have,

Now, Slope m=

Also, slope =

So,

Suppose that the points (h,k),(1,2) and \left ( -3,4 \right ) lie on the line L_1. If a line L_2 passing through the points and
\left ( 4,3 \right ) is perpendicular to L_1, then \frac{k}{h} equals:

(57971)
A

D -\frac{1}{7}

Slope of a line -

- wherein
Slope of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Line L_1 contain points : \left ( h,k \right ),(1,2) and \left ( -3,4 \right )

slope of L_1=\frac{4-2}{-3-1}=-\frac{1}{2}

L_2 is to L_1; so slope of L_2 is

Again; slope of L_1=\frac{k-2}{h-1}=-\frac{1}{2}

\Rightarrow 2k-4=-h+1\Rightarrow h+2k=5\cdots (1)

Line L_2 contains point : \left ( h,k \right ),(4,3)

Slope of

k=2h-5\cdots (II)

solve (1) and (2), (h,k)=(3,1)

Slope of a line passing through P(2,3) and intersecting the line , at a distance of units from is :

(57998)

D
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Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

Slope of a line -

- wherein

Slope of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Let point be

distance b/w

When

slope of

When

Slope of

What is the value of x- intercept for the line 5x-3y+10 = 0

(18578)
A 10/3
B -10 /3
C 2
D -2

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As we have learned

x-intercept -

The distance on the x-axis from the origin where the straight line cuts it.

- wherein

FOr x-intercept , y- intercept = 0

Thus 5x+10 = 0

x = -2

If a straight line passing through the point P(-3,4) is such that its intercepted portion between the coordinates axes is bisected at P, then its equation
is :

(32677)
4x+3y=0
A

B
4x-3y+24=0
C x-y+7=0
D

x-intercept -

The distance on the x-axis from the origin where the straight line cuts it.

- wherein

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

So that line say intersect y-axis at (o,b ) and x-axis at (a,o).

since it is bisected at p (-3,4)

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=-6\\\\b=2\times 4\\\\=8\\\\Equation \: \: of\: \: line -\\\\\frac{x}{a} +\frac{y}{b}=1\\\\\frac{x}{-6}+\frac{y}{8}=1 \\\\\Rightarrow 4x-3y+24=0

Consider

f(x)=\tan ^{-1}\left ( \sqrt{\frac{1+\sin x}{1-\sin x}} \right ),\: x\: \epsilon \left ( 0,\frac{\pi }{2} \right )

A normal to y= f(x)\: at\: x=\frac{\pi }{6}

also passes through the point :

(2263)
A (0,0)

C
D \left ( \frac{\pi }{4} ,0\right )

As we learnt in

y-intercept -

The distance on the y-axis from the origin where the straight line cuts it.

- wherein

= \tan ^{-1} \sqrt{\left ( \frac{cos\frac{x}{2}+sin\frac{x}{2}}{cos\frac{x}{2}-sin\frac{x}{2} }\right )^2}

= \tan ^{-1} \: \frac{1+tan\frac{x}{2}}{1-tan\frac{x}{2}} = \tan ^{-1} \tan \left ( \frac{\pi }{4}+\frac{x}{2} \right )

y= \frac{\pi }{4}+\frac{x}{2}

\frac{dy}{dt}=\frac{1}{2}

Slope of normal = -2

if x= \frac{\pi }{6} ; y= \frac{\pi }{3}

\left ( y-\frac{\pi }{3} \right )= -2 \left ( x-\frac{\pi }{6} \right )

\Rightarrow 2x+y=\frac{2\pi }{3}

If the line 3x+4y-24 = 0 intersects the x-axis at the point A and the y-axis at the point B,then the incentre of the triangle OAB, where O is the origin,
is:

(33124)
A (3,4)
B (2,2)
C (4,3)
D (4,4)

y-intercept -

The distance on the y-axis from the origin where the straight line cuts it.

- wherein

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From the fig (r,r) is the center of circle.

Distance from point (r,r) to the line 3x+4y-24=0

\left | \frac{3r+4r-24}{\sqrt{9+16}} \right |=r

7r-24=\pm 5r

r=14\: \: or \: \: r=2

centre is (2,2)

Which of the following deosn't represent straight line ?

(18588)
A x+y=5
B 3x - 4y = 2
C x ^2 - y^2 = 0
D All are staright lines

As we have learned

Equation of a line -

The locus of all the points lying on the given line.

- wherein
Eg. 3x+4y=12

x^2 - y^2 = 0 \Rightarrow (x-y) (x+y) = 0

It represents a pair of straight lines

x-y = 0 and x + y = 0

If one of the lines given by 6x^{2}-xy+4cy^{2}=0 is 3x+4y=0 , then c equals

(5967)
A 3
B –1

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C 1
D –3

General form of the equation of a line -

- wherein
a,b,c are the constants.

6-\frac{y}{x}+4c\left ( \frac{y}{x} \right )^2= 0

\Rightarrow 4c\left ( \frac{y}{x} \right )^2-\frac{y}{x}+6= 0

Also, \frac{y}{x}= \frac{-3}{4}

So, 4c*\frac{9}{16}+\frac{3}{4}+6=0

\Rightarrow \frac{9c}{4}= \frac{-27}{4}

The locus of the mid-points of the perpendiculars drawn from points on the line,x=2y to the line x=y is :

(97858)
A
B 3x-2y=0
C
D

Straight Line -

Straight Line

The slope of the line joining two Points

If and \mathrm{B\left ( x_2,y_2 \right )} are two points on a straight line then the slope of the line is

. \tan\theta=\frac{BC}{AC}=\frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}

Line parallel and perpendicular to a given line -

Line parallel and perpendicular to a given line

The equation of the line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is given as ax + by + λ = 0, where λ is some constant.

Equation of the given line is ax + by + c = 0

Its slope is (-a/b)

So, any equation of line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is

The equation of the line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is given as bx - ay + λ = 0, where λ is some constant.

Equation of the given line is ax + by + c = 0

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Its slope is (-a/b)

Slope of perpendicular line will be (b/a)

So, any equation of line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is

Using midpoint
\\2x=2a+b\\2y=a+b

a=2x-2y

so locus is 6 x-6 y=x+y \quad \Rightarrow \quad 5 x=7 y

Correct Option (3)

If the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points P(1,4) and Q (k,3) has y-intercept equal to -4 then a value of k is:

(111880)
A -2
B -4
C
D \sqrt{15}

If \alpha ,\beta are natural numbers such that 100^{\alpha }-199\beta =(100)(100)+(99)(101)+(98)(102)+.......+(1)(199),then the slope of the line
passing through and origin is :

(120713)
A 550
B 530
540
C

D 510

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13/110) Concept title Equation of Straight Line (Part 1) (90257)
Equation of Straight Line

(a) Slope-Intercept form

Consider the given figure

AB is a straight line with slope m and intercept c on Y-axis. P(x, y) any point on the straight line. PL is perpendicular to X-axis and MQ is
perpendicular to Y-axis

Text
The equation of a straight line whose slope is given as m and making y-intercept of length c unit is y = mx + c.

If the straight line passing through the origin, then equation of straight line become y = mx

If Equation of straight line is Ax + By + C = 0, then

We can write By = -Ax - C

(b) Point-Slope form

Let the equation of give line l with slope ‘m’ is

y = mx + c …..(i)

(x1,y1) lies on the line i

y1= mx1+c ……(ii)

From (i) and (ii) [(ii) - (i)]

y - y1 = m( x - x1)

The equation of a straight line whose slope is given as ‘m’ and passes through the point (x1,y1) is .
Description

Video

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Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.1, Line No: 9, Para:

Topic "Equation of Line in Point-Slope Form"

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 2015, Line No: 8, Para:

Book

Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 80, Line No: 1, Para:

the equation of the straight line whose slope is m and which cuts an intercept c on the y-axis is

y=mx+c
Question A line is drawn through the point (1, 2) to meet the coordinate axes at P and Q such that it forms a triangle OPQ, where O is the origin. If the area of
the triangle OPQ is least, then the slope of the line PQ is :

(3991)
A -\frac{1}{4}
B -4
C -2
D

As learnt in

Slope – intercept from of a straight line -

y=mx+C

- wherein

slope

c\rightarrow y- intercept of the line .

Apply EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE IN Slope -intercept form -

This line passes through the point (1,2) so

y=mx+c \Rightarrow 2=m+c

\Rightarrow c=2-m

Now, x co-ordinate of this line would be \dfrac{m-2}{m}

and y co-ordinate of this line would be

Hence Area

A=\dfrac{1}{2}* \left | (2-m)\right |*\left | \dfrac{(m-2)}{m} \right |

\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{(m-2)^2}{2m}

We have to find the value of m for which A is least. So,

\Rightarrow \frac{m^{2}-4m+4}{2m}= A\Rightarrow \frac{m}{2}-2+\frac{2}{m}= A

\therefore \frac{dA}{dm}= 0

\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}-\frac{2}{m^{2}}= 0\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}= \frac{2}{m^{2}}\Rightarrow m^{2}= 4\Rightarrow m= \pm 2

A ray of light along x+\sqrt{3}y=\sqrt{3} gets reflected upon reaching x-axis ,the equation of the reflected ray is :

(3952)
A \sqrt{3}y=x-1
B y=x+\sqrt{3}
C
D y=\sqrt{3}x-\sqrt{3}

As we learnt in

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein

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slope

point through which line passes

y=\frac{-x}{\sqrt{3}}+1

Put y=0,\:x=\sqrt{3}

So,

Let PS be the median of the triangle with vertices P(2, 2), Q(6,-1) and R(7, 3). The equation of the line passing through (1,-1) and parallel to PS is :

(3499)
A
B 2x-9y-11=0
C 4x-7y-11=0
D 2x+9y+7=0

As learnt in

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein
slope

point through which line passes

MId point of OR is

Slope of PS = \frac{-1}{\frac{9}{2}}=\frac{-2}{9}

and line passes through (1, -1)

\frac{y+1}{x-1}=\frac{-2}{9}

2x+9y+7 = 0

The distance, from the origin, of the normal to the curve,

at is

(2565)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

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Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein

slope

point through which line passes

at

Slope of normal =

equation of normal

Distance from origin=

= 2 units

Two sides of a rhombus are along the lines, x−y+1=0 and 7x−y−5=0. If its diagonals intersect at (−1, −2), then which one of the following is a vertex
of this rhombus ?

(2338)
(−3, −9)
A

(−3, −8)
B

C
D

As we learnt in

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein

slope

point through which line passes

Point of intersection of AB and AD is

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Let C be

and

x=-3\:;y=-6

C\left ( -3,-6 \right )

Slope of AC = \frac{2+2}{1+1}=2

Hence, slope of BD= \frac{-1}{2}

equation of BD \Rightarrow \frac{y+2}{x+1} =\frac{-1}{2}

2y+4=-x-1

BD: x+2y+5=0

Point \left ( \frac{1}{3},- \frac{8}{3} \right ) satisfies the line BD

The normal to the curve always passes through the fixed point

(5963)
A
B
C \; (a,0)\;
D \; (a,a)

As we learnt in

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein
slope

point through which line passes

Slope of normal= \tan \theta

Hence equation of normal by point-slope method

Clearly this line passes through (a,0)

The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin, on the line, is P. If the line meets x-axis at A and y-axis at B, then the ratio
BP : PA is :

(14034)
A 1:3
B 3:1
C 1:9
D 9:1

As we learned,

Selection formula -

- wherein

If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

and

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Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein

slope

point through which line passes

and

y-0=

3y = x

and 3x + y =

3(3y)+ =

y=

The point (2, 1) is translated parallel to the line L : x − y = 4 by 2\sqrt{3} units. If the new point Q lies in the third quadrant, then the equation of the
line passing through Q and perpendicular to L is :

(2052)
A
B
C
D

Parametric form -

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x=x_{1}+r\cos \Theta

y=y_{1}+r\sin \Theta

- wherein

Where is the inclination of the line and is the distance between and

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein
slope

point through which line passes

Condition for perpendicular lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of perpendicular lines.

So, Q=(2-2\sqrt3\cos 45^{\circ},1-2\sqrt3\sin 45^{\circ})

Q=(2-\sqrt6,1-\sqrt6)

Line Required

x+y=3-2\sqrt6

A point P moves on the line 2x-3y+4=0. If Q(1,4) and R(3,-2) are fixed points, then the locus of the centroid of is a line:

(33115)
A with slope 3/2
B parallel to x-axis
C with slope 2/3
D parallel to y-axis

Centroid formula -

- wherein

A(x1,y1) ; B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are the vertices of ? ABC.

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein

slope

point through which line passes

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Let the point P is (a,b)

from the concept of centroid of triangle

where (h,k) is centroid of triangle .

a= (3h-4) , b = (3k-2)

point (a,b) lies on 2x-3y+4 = 0

2(3h-4) -3(3K-2) + 4 = 0

6h - 8 - 9K + 6 + 4 = 0

=6x -9y + 2 = 0

slope =

What is the slope of line 5x+10y=7?

(18626)
A 2
B -2
C 1/2
D -1/2

As we learnt

General form of the equation of a line -

In , slope of a line = \frac{-A}{B} .

- wherein

a,b,c are the constants.

Slope= \frac{-5}{10}= \frac{-1}{2}

Let the equations of two sides of a triangle be 3x-2y+6=0 and . If the orthocentre of this triangle is at (1,1), then the equation of
its third side is:

(33023)
A 122x+26y+1675=0
B 26x+61y+1675=0
C 122x-26y-1675=0
D 26x-122y-1675=0

Equation of a line perpendicular to a given line -

Bx-Ay+\lambda =0 is the line perpendicular to Ax+By+C =0 .

- wherein

is some other constant than C.

General form of the equation of a line -

In , slope of a line = \frac{-A}{B} .

- wherein

a,b,c are the constants.

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Let the equation of . . The equation of AC = 4x +5y -20 = 0. Equation of BE = 2x + 3y -5 = 0

Equation of CF = 5x -4y -1 =0

Equation of

Let the normal at a point P on the curve intersect the y-axis at If m is the slope of the tangent at P to the curve,
then is equal to

(98063)
A 4
B 3
C 2
D 1

Equation of Straight Line (Part 1) -

Equation of Straight Line

(b) Point-Slope form

Let the equation of give line l with slope ‘m’ is

y = mx + c …..(i)

(x1,y1) lies on the line i

y1= mx1+c ……(ii)

From (i) and (ii) [(ii) - (i)]

y - y1 = m( x - x1)

The equation of a straight line whose slope is given as ‘m’ and passes through the point (x1,y1) is .

Equation of the normal

Normal intersect at (0,3/2)

14/110) Concept title Equation of Straight Line (Part 2) (90258)

Text Equation of Straight Line

(c) Two-point form

The equation of a straight line passing through the two given points (x1,y1) and (x1,y1)is given by

Let the equation of straight line l with slope ‘m’ is

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y = mx + c ……(i)

Points (x1,y1) and (x1,y1) pass through the given line l, then

y1 = mx1 + c ……(ii)

y2 = mx2 + c ……(iii)

Subtract eq (ii) from eq (i)

y - y1 = m( x - x2 ) ……(iv)

Subtract eq (iii) from eq (i)

y -y2 = m( x - x2 ) ……(v)

Divide eq (iv) by eq (v)

(d) Intercept form of line

Equation of a straight line which makes intercepts of length ‘a’ and ‘b’ unit on X-axis and Y-axis respectively is given by

A straight line which cut X-axis at A (a, 0) and Y-axis at B (0, b)

Using the concept of two points form of a line

Equation of a straight line through the two-point A(a, 0) and B(0, b)

If C ≠ 0, then Ax + By + C = 0 can be written as

x-intercept is and y-intercept is .

Description

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Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.3, Line No: 32, Para:

Topic "Equation of Line passing through two points (two points form)"

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 214, Line No: 23, Para:

Two-point form Let the line L passes through two given points ( ) and

Book . Let P (x, y) be a general point

Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 82, Line No: 1, Para:

the equation of a line passes through two given points and is given by,

Question A square of side a lies above the axis and has one vertex at the origin. The side passing through the origin makes an angle
\alpha (0< \alpha < \pi /4) with the positive direction of axis. The equation of its diagonal not passing through the origin is

(5958)
A y(\cos \alpha +\sin \alpha )+x(\sin \alpha -\cos \alpha )=a
B y(\cos \alpha +\sin \alpha )+x(\sin \alpha +\cos \alpha )=a
C y(\cos \alpha +\sin \alpha )+x(\cos \alpha - \sin \alpha )=a
D y(\cos \alpha -\sin \alpha )-x(\sin \alpha -\cos \alpha )=a

As we learnt in

Two – point form of a straight line -

- wherein

The lines passes through (x_{1}y_{1}) and

Slope of a line -
If is the angle at which a straight line is inclined to a positive direction of x-axis, then the slope is defined by

m= \tan \Theta.

- wherein

Equation of diagonal AB is

\left ( y-a \sin\alpha \right )= \left ( \frac{a \cos \alpha-a sin\alpha }{-a \sin \alpha - a \cos \alpha} \right ) (x- a \cos \alpha )

\Rightarrow y (\sin \alpha + \cos \alpha) + x (\cos \alpha - \sin \alpha) = 0

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If the straight line, 2x-3y+17=0 is perpendicular to the line passing through the points and \left ( 15,\beta \right ), then equals :

(32755)
A
B \frac{35}{3}
C
D -\frac{35}{3}

Two – point form of a straight line -

- wherein

The lines passes through (x_{1}y_{1}) and

Condition for perpendicular lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of perpendicular lines.

\\2x -3y + 17 = 0 \\\\ y = \frac{2}{3}x + \frac{17}{3} \\\\ m_1 = \frac{2}{3} \\\\ m _2 = \frac{\beta - 17}{15 - 7} = \frac{\beta -17}{8} \\\\
m_1\times m_2 = -1 \\\\ \frac{2}{3} \times \frac{\beta -17}{8} = -1 \\\\ \Rightarrow \beta = 5

If in a parallelogram ABDC, the coordinates of A,B and C are respectively (1,2), (3,4) and (2,5) , then the equation of the diagonal AD is:

(32845)
A
B
C
D

Mid-point formula -

- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Two – point form of a straight line -

- wherein

The lines passes through (x_{1}y_{1}) and

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As BD and AC are parallel

..............................(1)

As AB and CD are parallel

..............................(2)

Solving (1) and (2)

m=4 and n=7

=>5x-3y+1=0

Two vertical poles of height, 20m and 80m stand apart on a horizontal plane. The height (in meters) of the point of intersection of the lines joining the
top of each pole to the foot of the other, from this horizontal plane is:

(57970)
A
B
C
D

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Two – point form of a straight line -

- wherein

The lines passes through (x_{1}y_{1}) and

Eq.\: of\: AC= \frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{20}=1\cdots (1)

Eq.\: of\: BD=\left ( y-0 \right )=\frac{80-0}{a-0}\left ( x-0 \right )

=ay=80x\cdots (2)

From (1) and (2)

\frac{ay}{80\cdot a}+\frac{y}{20}=1\Rightarrow y\left ( \frac{1}{80}+\frac{1}{20} \right )=1

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If a line intercepted between the coordinate axes is trisected at a point A(4, 3),

which is nearer to x-axis, then its equation is :

(3770)
A
B
C
D

As we learned in

Selection formula -

- wherein

If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

and

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

By section formula:

a=6 and b=9

We get,

Let L be the line passing through the point P(1, 2) such that its intercepted segment between the co-ordinate axes is bisected at P. If L1 is the line
perpendicular to L and passing through the point (-2, 1), then the point of intersection of L and L1 is :

(2573)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

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and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Equation of a line perpendicular to a given line -

Bx-Ay+\lambda =0 is the line perpendicular to Ax+By+C =0 .

- wherein

is some other constant than C.

Here

hence equation of straight line is \frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{4}=1 (intercept form)

Line \perp to L is x-2y+\lambda =0

Passing through (-2, 1)

-2-2+\lambda =0\Rightarrow \lambda =4

\left 2x+y-4=0 \right ]\times 2

4x+2y-8=0

\underline{x-2y+4=0}

The equation of the straight line passing through the point (4, 3) and making intercepts on the co-ordinate axes whose sum is –1 is

(5965)
A \frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{3}=1\; and\; \frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{1}=1\;
B \frac{x}{2}-\frac{y}{3}=-1\; and\; \frac{x}{-2}+\frac{y}{1}=1\;
C \frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{3}=-1\; and\; \frac{x}{-2}+\frac{y}{1}=-1\;
D \frac{x}{2}-\frac{y}{3}=1\; and\; \frac{x}{-2}+\frac{y}{1}=1\;

As we learnt in

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Let the equation of straight line be

i.e. \frac{4}{a}+\frac{3}{b}=1 ..........(1)

also\ a+b=-1 ...........(2)

4b+3a=ab

4(-1-a)+3a=a(-1-a)

-4 - a = - a - a2

\Rightarrow a^{2}=4\, \, \, \, \Rightarrow a=\pm2

and a+b=-1

if a=2, b=-3

a=-2, b=1

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If non­zero numbers a,b,c are in H.P., then the straight line \frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0 always passes through a fixed point. That
point is

(5977)
A (-1,-2)\;
B \; (-1,2)\;
C \; \left ( 1,-\frac{1}{2} \right )\;
D \; (1,-2)

As we learnt in

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Condition of co linearity of three points -

- wherein

The three points are A(x1,y1) , B(x2,y2), C(x3,y3).

If a, b, c are in H.P

\frac{2}{b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}

i.e. \frac{1}{a}-\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0

Comparing with

\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0

(x=1, y=-2)

Line always passes through (1, -2)

A straight line through the point is such that its intercept between the axes is bisected at . Its equation is,

(5985)
A
B 3x-4y+7=0
C 4x+3y=24
D 3x+4y=25

As we learnt in

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

\frac{a+0}{2}=3 a=6

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\frac{b+0}{2}=4 b=8

\frac{x}{6}+\frac{y}{8}=1

4x+3y=24

A straight line through a fixed point (2, 3) intersects the coordinate axes at distinctpoints P and Q. If O is the origin and the rectangle OPRQ is
completed, then the locus of R is :

(13809)
A 3x+2y=6xy
B 3x + 2y = 6
C 2x +3y =xy
D 3x+2y =xy

As we have learnt in

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Equation of PQ is

\frac{x}{h}+\frac{y}{k}= 1

i.e put (x,y) \Rightarrow \left ( 2,3 \right )

{\frac{2}{h}}+{\frac{3}{k}}=1

3x+2y= xy

If a straight line passing through the point P(-3,4) is such that its intercepted portion between the coordinates axes is bisected at P, then its equation
is :

(32677)
4x+3y=0
A

B
4x-3y+24=0
C x-y+7=0
D

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x-intercept -

The distance on the x-axis from the origin where the straight line cuts it.

- wherein

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

So that line say intersect y-axis at (o,b ) and x-axis at (a,o).

since it is bisected at p (-3,4)

=-6\\\\b=2\times 4\\\\=8\\\\Equation \: \: of\: \: line -\\\\\frac{x}{a} +\frac{y}{b}=1\\\\\frac{x}{-6}+\frac{y}{8}=1 \\\\\Rightarrow 4x-3y+24=0

Consider the set of all lines px + qy +r =0 such that 3p + 2q + 4r = 0 . Which one of the following statements is true?

(33202)

A
The lines concurrent at the point
B Each line passes through the origin.
C The lines are all parallel
D The lines are not concurrent.

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Set of all line is px+qy+r=0

and given that 3p+2q+4r=0......

compare with set of all line equation

x=\frac{3}{4},\: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: y=\frac{1}{2}

Hence, All line pass through a fixed point

\left ( \frac{3}{4},\frac{1}{2} \right )

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The tangent and the normal lines at the point to the circle and the x-axis from a triangle. The area of this triangle (in square
units) is :

(57981)
A \frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}
B

Equation of tangent -

xx_{1}+yy_{1}=a^{2}

- wherein

Tangent to circle at

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Equation of tangent at P\left ( \sqrt{3},1 \right )

\sqrt{3}x+y\cdot 1=4

x-intercepts = \frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}

Area of \bigtriangleup le.

=\frac{1}{2}\times \frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\times 1=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}

What is the sum of intercept of 2x - y=4 ?

(18589)
A 6
B -2
C 2
D none

As we have learned

Intercept form of a straight line -

and can take negative values.

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- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

2x - y = 4

x/2 - y/4 = 1

Thus a = 2 , b = -4

Sum = 2-4 = -2

What is y- intercept of the equation 3x+4y+12 = 0

(18591)
A 4
B -4
C 3
D -3

As we have learned

General form of the equation of a line -

In ,

- intercept =

- intercept = \frac{-C}{B}

- wherein

a,b,c are the constants.

Here on comparing

y-intercept = -12/4 = -3

Let C the centroid of the triangle with vertices Let P be the point of intersection of the lines and
Then the line passing through the points C and P also passes through the point:

(98026)
A
B
C
D

Centroid -

Centroid

Centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of the medians of the triangle. A centroid divides the median in the ratio 2:1.

Whereas, the median is the line joining the mid-points of the sides and the opposite vertices.

The coordinates of the centroid of a triangle (G) whose vertices are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3, y3), is given by

If D (a1, b1), E (a2, b2) and F (a3, b3) are the mid point of ΔABC, then its centroid is given by

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Point of intersection of two lines -

Point of intersection of two lines

Equation of two non-parallel line is

If P (x1, y1) is a point of intersection of L1 and L2 , then solving these two equations of the line by cross multiplication

We get,

Equation of Straight Line (Part 2) -

Equation of Straight Line

(c) Two-point form

The equation of a straight line passing through the two given points (x1,y1) and (x1,y1)is given by

The centroid of triangle ABC D(2,2)

Point of intersection P

equation of line DP is 8x – 11y + 6 = 0

Point (–9,–6) satisfies the equation

15/110) Concept title Normal and Parametric form of a line (90260)
Text Normal and Parametric form of a line

Normal form of line

Equation of straight line on which the length of the perpendicular from the origin is p and this normal makes an angle θ with the positive
direction of X-axis is given by

AB is the straight line and length of perpendicular from origin to the line is p (i.e. ON = p).

Line AB cuts X-axis and Y-axis at point Q and R respectively

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Let x cos ? + y sin ? = p be the normal form of the line represented by the equation Ax + By + C = 0 or Ax + By = – C. Thus, both the
equations are the same and therefore

Parametric form of a line

The equation of a straight line passing through the point (x1,y1)and making an angle θ with the positive direction of X-axis is

Where r is the directed distance between the points (x, y) and (x1,y1).

AB is a straight line passing through the point P(x1,y1)and meets X-axis at R and makes an angle θ with the positive direction of X-axis.

Let Q(x, y) be any point on the line AB

As from the figure

From the above two equation

Illustriation

The slope of a straight line through a point A(2 ,3) is 4/3. Then coordinate of the point on the line that is 10 unit away from point A is

Given slope is 4/3

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Equation of a straight line in parametric form is

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.7, Line No: 57, Para:

Topic "Equation of line in normal form"

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 217, Line No: 1, Para:

Normal form Suppose a non-vertical line is known to us with following data:

(i) Length of the perpendicular (normal) from origin to the line.
Book (ii) Angle which normal makes with the positive direction of x-axis.
Let L be the line, whose perpendicular distance from origin O be OA = p and the

Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 86, Line No: 1, Para:

the equation of the straight line upon which the length of perpendicular from the origin is p and this normal makes an angle with the positive
direction of X-axis is

Question Locus of mid point of the portion between the axes of is constant is

(5950)

As we learnt in

Normal form -

- wherein
p is the length of perpendicular segment from origin and \omega is the angle made by this perpendicular with +ve -axis.

x\cos \alpha +y\sin \alpha =p

Point A is: x=p\sec \alpha , \: y=0

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Point B is: x=0, \: y=p cosec\alpha

We have,

The straight line L at a distance of 4 units from the origin makes

positive intercepts on the coordinate axes and the perpendicular

from the origin to this line makes an angle of with the line

. Then an equation of the line L is :

(58172)
A
B
C \sqrt3x+y=8
D (\sqrt3-1)x+(\sqrt3+1)y=8\sqrt2

Normal form -

- wherein
p is the length of perpendicular segment from origin and \omega is the angle made by this perpendicular with +ve -axis.

Hence, the equation of line is

xcos\theta+ysin\theta=p

xcos75^{\circ}+ysin75^{\circ}=4

x(\frac{\sqrt3-1}{2\sqrt2})+y(\frac{\sqrt3+1}{2\sqrt2})=4

(\sqrt3-1)x+(\sqrt3+1)y=8\sqrt2

A square, of each side 2, lies above the x-axis and has one vertex at the origin. If one of the sides passing through the origin makes an angle 300 with
the positive direction of the x-axis, then the sum of the x-coordinates of the vertices of the square

(1804)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Parametric form -

x=x_{1}+r\cos \Theta

y=y_{1}+r\sin \Theta

- wherein

Where is the inclination of the line and is the distance between and

x-coordinates of A is 2cos30^{\circ}
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=2\times \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=\sqrt{3}

angle of OB with positive x-axis is 30^{\circ}+45^{\circ}=75^{\circ}

Hence x - coordinate of B is

=2\sqrt{2}\left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2\sqrt{2}} \right ) =(\sqrt{3}-1)

x-cordinate of C is -2sin =-1

Hence Sum= (\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-1+(-1))

=2\sqrt{3}-2

The point (2, 1) is translated parallel to the line L : x − y = 4 by 2\sqrt{3} units. If the new point Q lies in the third quadrant, then the equation of the
line passing through Q and perpendicular to L is :

(2052)
A
B
C
D

Parametric form -

x=x_{1}+r\cos \Theta

y=y_{1}+r\sin \Theta

- wherein

Where is the inclination of the line and is the distance between and

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein

slope

point through which line passes

Condition for perpendicular lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of perpendicular lines.

So, Q=(2-2\sqrt3\cos 45^{\circ},1-2\sqrt3\sin 45^{\circ})

Q=(2-\sqrt6,1-\sqrt6)

Line Required

x+y=3-2\sqrt6

What is the value of the angle of the normal (according to the normal form of straight line ) in case of x+y+3 = 0 ?

(18592)

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A
B 0
C
D

As we have learned

General form of the equation of a line -

In

and

\rho =\frac{\pm C}{\sqrt{A^{2}+B^{2}}}

- wherein

is the length of perpendicular segment from origin and \omega is the angle made by this perpendicular with +ve -axis.

A=1

B=1

C=3

Thus \cos w =\pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{1^2+1 ^2 }} = \pm 1/\sqrt 2

w = \pi /4

16/110) Concept title Angle between two straight line (90261)

Text Angle between two straight line

Two lines are given with the slope m1and m2, then acute angle θ between the lines is given by

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TIP

If the angle between the two lines is 0o or then lines are parallel two each other.

In this case, m1 = m2 where m1 and m2 are slopes of two lines.

TIP

If the angle between the two lines is or then lines are perpendicular two each other. Then in this case m1⋅m2 = -1 where, m1 and m2 are
slopes of two lines.

TIP

Three points, say P, Q and R are collinear, then slope of PQ = slope of QR = slope of PR

Equation of two straight line given and .

Then angle between them is

If two lines are parallel, θ = 0 then

If two lines are perpendicular, θ = 90 degree then .

If two lines are coincident then,

Lines Parallel to Coordinate axes

1. Line parallel to Y-axis

If a line is at a distance ‘a’ parallel to Y-axis and it is the negative side of the Y-axis , then the equation of the line is x = -a.

If a line is at a distance ‘a’ parallel to Y-axis and it is a positive side of the Y-axis , then the equation of the line is x = a.

Equation of Y axis is x = 0.

(b) Line parallel to X-axis

If a line is at a distance ‘b’ parallel to X-axis and it is the negative side of the X-axis , then the equation of the line is y = -b.

If a line is at a distance ‘a’ parallel to X-axis and it is a positive side of the X-axis , then the equation of the line is y = b.

Equation of X axis is y = 0.

Illustriation

Find the angle between the line joining the points (0, 0), (2, 6) and (2, 3), (3, 4)

Let A = (0, 0), B = (2, 6), C = (2, 3) and D = (3, 4)

m1 is the slope of AB and m2 is slope of CD

Description

Video

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Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 1.17, Line No: 10, Para:

Topic "Angle between tw9o straight line"

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 210, Line No: 13, Para:

Book Collinearity of three points We know that slopes of two parallel lines are equal. If two lines having the same slope pass through a common point, then
two lines will coincide. Hence, if A, B and C are three points in the XY-plane, then they will lie on a line, i.e., three points are collinear (Fig 10.8) if
and only if slope of AB = slope of BC.

Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 75, Line No: 32, Para:

If three points A, B, C are collinear, the slope of AB = slope of BC = slope of AC

Question
The points

(2572)
A form an obtuse angled triangle.
B form an acute angled triangle.
C form a right angled triangle.
D lie on a straight line.

As we learnt in

Area of triangle -

- wherein

vertices of ? ABC are A(x1,y1) , B(x2,y2), C(x3,y3)

Condition of co linearity of three points -

- wherein

The three points are A(x1,y1) , B(x2,y2), C(x3,y3).

Let the points given be A, B, C

Area of

=\frac{1}{2}\left [ 0-27+\frac{82}{3} -\frac{82}{3}\right ]

Since no triangle is formed.

Hence, points are collinear.

If non­zero numbers a,b,c are in H.P., then the straight line \frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0 always passes through a fixed point. That
point is

(5977)
A (-1,-2)\;
B \; (-1,2)\;
C \; \left ( 1,-\frac{1}{2} \right )\;
D \; (1,-2)

As we learnt in

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

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Condition of co linearity of three points -

- wherein
The three points are A(x1,y1) , B(x2,y2), C(x3,y3).

If a, b, c are in H.P

\frac{2}{b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}

i.e. \frac{1}{a}-\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0

Comparing with

\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0

(x=1, y=-2)

Line always passes through (1, -2)

A straight line L through the point (3, -2) is inclined at an angle of 600 to the line . If L also intersects the

-axis, then the equation of L is :

(3238)
A
B
C
D

As learnt in concept

Angle between two lines (θ) -

\tan \Theta = \frac{m_{2}-m_{1}}{1+m_{1}m_{2}}

- wherein

Here are the slope of two lines

Let the slope of line L be m

Slope of given line (m1) =-\sqrt{3}

Angle between them =60^{\circ}

\tan 60^{\circ}=\left | \frac{m+\sqrt{3}}{1-\sqrt{3}m} \right |

\frac{m+\sqrt{3}}{1-\sqrt{3}m} =^+_-\sqrt{3}

on solving m=0 \: or \: m=\sqrt{3}

And these lines pass through (3, -2)

we get y+2 = 0

or \sqrt{3}x-y-3\sqrt{3}-2=0

If β is one of the angles between the normals to the ellipse, x^{2}+3y^{2}=9 at the points (3\cos \theta ,\sqrt3\sin\theta)\:\:and
\left ( -3\sin \theta ,\; \sqrt{3}\cos \theta \right );\; \; \theta \equiv \left ( 0,\frac{\pi }{2} \right ) ; then \frac{2\cot \beta }{\sin 2\theta } is equal to
:

(14187)

C {\sqrt{2}}

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As we learned

Angle between two lines (θ) -

\tan \Theta = \frac{m_{2}-m_{1}}{1+m_{1}m_{2}}

- wherein

Here are the slope of two lines

\tan \beta =\left | \frac{m_{1}-m_{2}}{1+m_{1}m_{2}} \right |

for tangent

\frac{\mathrm{dy} }{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{-2x}{6y}=\frac{-x}{3y}

\frac{\mathrm{dy} }{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{-3\cos \theta }{\sqrt{3}\sin \theta \cdot 3}=\frac{-\cot \theta }{\sqrt{3}}

Thus

Slope of normal = \frac{3y}{x}

= -\sqrt{3}\cot \theta

\tan \beta =\left | \frac{\sqrt{3}\left ( \tan \theta +\cot \theta \right )}{1-3} \right |=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sin 2\theta }

\frac{2\cot \beta }{\sin 2\theta }=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}

The line L given by \frac{x}{5}+\frac{y}{b}=1 passes through the point (13, 32). The line K is parallel to L and has the equation
\frac{x}{c}+\frac{y}{3}=1. Then the distance between L and K is

(5862)
A \frac{23}{\sqrt{15}}\;
B
C \; \frac{17}{\sqrt{15}}\;
D

As we learnt in

Condition for parallel lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of two lines

and

Distance between two parallel lines -

\rho =\frac{\left | c_{2}-c_{1} \right |}{\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}}}

- wherein

is the distance between ax+by+c_{1}=0 and ax+by+c_{2}=0

\frac{x}{5}+ \frac{y}{b}= 1

Put (13, 32)

\frac{13}{5}+\frac{y}{b}= 1

\Rightarrow b= -20

\frac{x}{5}- \frac{y}{20}= 1

y = 4x-20

So, m = 4

Also, \frac{x}{c}+ \frac{y}{3} = 1\:,\:m = \frac{-3}{c}

\frac{-3}{c}= 4\; \Rightarrow c=\frac{-3}{4}

Equation is -4x + y = 3

Distance \frac{\left | 3+20 \right |}{\sqrt{17}}=\frac{23}{\sqrt{17}}

The sides of a rhombus ABCD are parallel to the lines, x−y+2=0 and 7x−y+3=0. If the diagonals of the rhombus intersect at P(1, 2) and the vertex A
(different from the origin) is on the y-axis, then the ordinate of A is :

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(14033)
A

B \frac{7}{4}
C 2
D

As we learned,

Condition for parallel lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of two lines

and

Equation of angle bisectors -

\frac{a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}}{\sqrt{a_{1}^{2}+b_{1}^{2}}} =\frac{\pm a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}}{\sqrt{a_{2}^{2}+b_{2}^{2}}}

- wherein

Angle bisectors of the lines a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}=0 and a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}=0

Let co-ordinate of A = (0,a)

Equation of parallel lines are

x - y + 2 =0 and 7x -y + 3 = 0

Diagonals are \parallel to \angle bisectors i.e.

\frac{x-y+2}{\sqrt{2}}=\pm \left ( \frac{7x-y+3}{5\sqrt{2}} \right )

i.e. L_{1} : \: 2x+4y-7=0

L_{2} : \: 12x-6y+13=0

m_{1}=\frac{-1}{2} and m_{2}=2

Slope of A(0,C) to P(1,2) is \frac{2-C}{1}=\frac{-1}{2}\: \Rightarrow \: C=\frac{5}{2}

The tangent to the curve parallel to the line also passes through the point :

(32662)

Condition for parallel lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of two lines

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Line and a parabola -

- wherein

is the tangent to

Equation of the tangent to the circle, at the point (1, −1), whose centre is the point of intersection of the straight lines x − y = 1 and 2x + y = 3 is :

(2142)
A 4x + y − 3 = 0
B x + 4y + 3 = 0
C 3x − y − 4 = 0
x − 3y − 4 = 0
D

As we learnt in

Condition for perpendicular lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of perpendicular lines.

Centre of circle is \left ( \frac{4}{3},\frac{1}{3} \right )

slpoe of OP = \frac{-1-\frac{1}{3}}{1-\frac{4}{3}} =4

Since tangent and radius are perpendicular

So slope of tangent will be \frac{-1}{4}

equation \Rightarrow \frac{y+1}{x-1} = \frac{-1}{4}

4y+x=-3

\Rightarrow x+4y+3=0

The point (2, 1) is translated parallel to the line L : x − y = 4 by 2\sqrt{3} units. If the new point Q lies in the third quadrant, then the equation of the
line passing through Q and perpendicular to L is :

(2052)
A
B
C
D

Parametric form -

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x=x_{1}+r\cos \Theta

y=y_{1}+r\sin \Theta

- wherein

Where is the inclination of the line and is the distance between and

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein
slope

point through which line passes

Condition for perpendicular lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of perpendicular lines.

So, Q=(2-2\sqrt3\cos 45^{\circ},1-2\sqrt3\sin 45^{\circ})

Q=(2-\sqrt6,1-\sqrt6)

Line Required

x+y=3-2\sqrt6

If the straight line, 2x-3y+17=0 is perpendicular to the line passing through the points and \left ( 15,\beta \right ), then equals :

(32755)
A
B \frac{35}{3}
C
D -\frac{35}{3}

Two – point form of a straight line -

- wherein

The lines passes through (x_{1}y_{1}) and

Condition for perpendicular lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of perpendicular lines.

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\\2x -3y + 17 = 0 \\\\ y = \frac{2}{3}x + \frac{17}{3} \\\\ m_1 = \frac{2}{3} \\\\ m _2 = \frac{\beta - 17}{15 - 7} = \frac{\beta -17}{8} \\\\
m_1\times m_2 = -1 \\\\ \frac{2}{3} \times \frac{\beta -17}{8} = -1 \\\\ \Rightarrow \beta = 5

If the two lines are perpendicular , then the distance of their point of intersection
from the origin is :

(58042)

Condition for perpendicular lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of perpendicular lines.

Distance formula -

The distance between the point

is

- wherein

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What is the equation of line \parallel to y = 2 and passing through a point in x - axis where abscissa = 5 ?

(18579)
A x=5
B y=5
C y -axis
D x -axis

As we have learned

x-axis -

Equation of x-axis is y=0

Line is y = 0

i.e x - axis

What are the coordinates of a point that is on the line x-y +2 at a distance of 4 \sqrt 2 units from the point (2,4) ?

(18590)
A (6,8)
B (8,6)
C (2,0)
D none

As we have learned

x-axis -

Equation of x-axis is y=0

Thus

\frac{x-2 }{1/\sqrt{2}} = \frac{y-4}{1/\sqrt{2}} = 4 \sqrt{2 } \Rightarrow x = 6 , y = 8

What is the equation of line perpendicular to the x-axis and passing through (0,10)?

(18580)
A y = 10

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B x=0
C x = 10
D none of these

As we have learned

y-axis -

Equation of y-axis is

Since it is y-axis the equation is x = 0

What is the equation of line 4 units below x- axis and parallel to it ?

(18581)
A x=4
B x = -4
C y=4
D y = -4

As we have learned

Line parallel to the x-axis -

y= a

- wherein

The line passes through the point (o,a).

The equation of the line is y = -4

The line parallel to the axis and passing through the intersection of the lines

(5976)
A below the axis at a distance of 2/3 from it
B below the axis at a distance of 3/2 from it
C above the axis at a distance of 2/3 from it
D above the axis at a distance of 3/2 from it

As we learnt in

Line parallel to the y-axis -

x= b

- wherein

The line passes through the point (b,o).

Point of intersection of the lines

\left ax+2by+3b=0 \right ]\times b

\left bx-2ay-3a=0 \right ]\times a

2\left ( b^{2}+a^{2} \right )y=-3\left ( b^{2}+a^{2} \right )

y=\frac{-3}{2}

ax+2b\times \frac{-3}{2}+3b=0

=> x=0

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Point of intersection is \left ( 0,\frac{-3}{2} \right )

line parallel to x- axis is below at a distance \frac{3}{2}\: from\: it.

i.e. y=\frac{-3}{2}

The number of points, having both co-ordinates as integers, that lie in the interior of the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (0, 41) and (41, 0), is :

(3328)
A 901
B 861
C 820
D 780

Number of integral points on the line x=1,\:is \:39

number of integral points an the line x=2 \:is: 38

similarly we get

Total integral points = 39+38+.....2+1

=\frac{39.40}{2}

= 780

If the slope of a line is 2 . What is the slope of other line so these lines are equally inclined to co-ordinate axis ?

(18583)
A 1/2
B 0
C -2
D -1/2

As we have learned

Line equally inclined to coordinate axis -

m_{1}+m_{2}=0

- wherein

Two lines having slope m1,m2 are equally inclided to coordinate axes.

m_{1}+m_{2}=0

m_{1}+2=0

m_{1}=-2

A triangle ABC lying in the first quadrant has two vertices as A (1,2) and B(3,1). If , and ar sq. units, then the
abscissa of vertex C is:

(112034)
A 1 +\sqrt{5}
B 1 +2\sqrt{5}

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C 2+\sqrt{5}
D 2\sqrt{5}-1

If the curve intersects the line x + y = 1 at two points P and Q, then the angle subtended by the line segment PQ at the origin is :

(120117)
A

Given equation of the curves are

Homogenising above two equation

These are the equation of the line

The equation of one of the straight lines which passes through the point (1,3) and makes an angle with the straight line, is :

(120712)
A
B
C
D

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And straight-line pass vis (1, 3)

17/110) Concept title Position of two points with respect to a line (90354)
Position of two points with respect to a line

Two given points and lies on the same side of a line ax + by + c = 0 when and points lie on the

opposite side when .

Note:

1. The side of the line where origin lies is known as the origin side.

2. A point (p, q) will lie on the origin side of the line ax + by + c = 0 if ap + bq + c and c will have the same sign.

3. A point (p, q) will lie on the non-origin side of the line ax + by + c = 0, if ap + bq + c and c will have the opposite sign.

Position of a point which lies inside a triangle

Let P(x1 ,y1) be the point that lies inside the triangle.

Text

The equations of sides of a triangle are

First find the coordinates of vertices of triangle ABC

Let

And if coordinates of vertices of triangle ABC is given then find equation of sides of triangle ABC.

If point P lies inside the triangle, then P and A must be same side of BC, P and B must be same side of AC and P and C must be same side of
AB, then.

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.15, Line No: 12, Para:

Topic "Position of A point W.R.T. a line"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 96, Line No: 1, Para:

Position of two points relative to a given line

Question if lies inside the triangle having sides along the lines then the value of p ?

(93020)
A
B

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C
D None of these

Position of two points with respect to a line -

Position of two points with respect to a line

Two given points and lies on the same side of a line ax + by + c = 0 when and points lie on the opposite

side when .

Note:

1. The side of the line where origin lies is known as the origin side.

2. A point (p, q) will lie on the origin side of the line ax + by + c = 0 if ap + bq + c and c will have the same sign.

3. A point (p, q) will lie on the non-origin side of the line ax + by + c = 0, if ap + bq + c and c will have the opposite sign.

Position of a point which lies inside a triangle

Let P(x1 ,y1) be the point that lies inside the triangle.

The equations of sides of a triangle are

\\\mathrm{AB:a_1x+b_1y+c_1=0}\\\mathrm{BC:a_2x+b_2y+c_2=0}\\\mathrm{CA:a_3x+b_3y+c_3=0}

First find the coordinates of vertices of triangle ABC

Let \\A=\left ( x',y' \right ),\;\;B=\left ( x'',y'' \right )\;\;and\;\;C=\left ( x''',y''' \right )

And if coordinates of vertices of triangle ABC is given then find equation of sides of triangle ABC.

If point P lies inside the triangle, then P and A must be same side of BC, P and B must be same side of AC and P and C must be same side of AB,
then.

\\\frac{a_2x_1+b_2y_1+c_2}{a_2x'+b_2y'+c_2}>0\\\\\frac{a_3x_1+b_3y_1+c_3}{a_3x''+b_3y''+c_3}>0\\\\\frac{a_1x_1+b_1y_1+c_1}
{a_1x'''+b_1y'1'+c_3}>0

\\ 2 x+3 y=1...(i)\\ x+2 y=3...(ii)\\5 x-6y=1..(iii)\\ \text{equation (i)-2*equation(ii)}\\ Point A(-7,5)\\ \text{5*equation (ii)-equation(iii)}\\ point
B(5/4,7/8)\\ \text{5*equation (i)-2*equation(iii)}\\ Point C(1/3,1/9)\\

The set of all possible values of in the interval for which the points and lie on the same side of the line is :

(111591)
A \left ( 0,\; \frac{\pi }{4} \right )

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B \left ( 0,\; \frac{3\pi }{4} \right )

C \left ( \frac{\pi }{4},\; \frac{3\pi }{4} \right )
D \left ( 0,\; \frac{\pi }{2} \right )
18/110) Concept title Line parallel and perpendicular to a given line (90369)
Line parallel and perpendicular to a given line

The equation of the line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is given as ax + by + λ = 0, where λ is some constant.

Equation of the given line is ax + by + c = 0

Its slope is (-a/b)

So, any equation of line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is

Text
The equation of the line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is given as bx - ay + λ = 0, where λ is some constant.

Equation of the given line is ax + by + c = 0

Its slope is (-a/b)

Slope of perpendicular line will be (b/a)

So, any equation of line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.15, Line No: , Para:

Book Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 100, Line No: 1, Para:

the equation of line parallel to is , Where is some constant .

Question What is the equation of the line parallel to 3x +4y = 2 and passing through (1,-1) ?

(18593)
A 3x+4y - 1 = 0
B 4x-3y -7 = 0
C 3x +4y +1 = 0
D 4x - 3y + 7 = 0

As we have learned

Equation of a line parallel to a given line -

Ax+By+\lambda =0 is line parallel to Ax+By+C =0 .

- wherein

Where is some constant other than C.

Equation of the line

Parallel is 3x+4y =

It passes through (1,-1)

Thus 3-4 =

= -1

3x+4y + 1 = 0

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Lines are drawn parallel to the line 4x-3y+2=0, at a

distance from the origin. Then which one of the following points

lies on any of these lines?

(58113)
A (\frac{-1}{4},\frac{2}{3})
B (\frac{1}{4},\frac{-1}{3})
C (\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{3})
D (\frac{-1}{4},\frac{-2}{3})

Equation of a line parallel to a given line -

Ax+By+\lambda =0 is line parallel to Ax+By+C =0 .

- wherein

Where is some constant other than C.

Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

Line parallel to 4x-3y+2=0 can be written as, 4x-3y+c=0.

This line lies at a distance of from origin.

=>\left |\frac{0-0-c}{\sqrt{16+9}} \right |=\frac{3}{5}

=>c=\pm 3

So, equation of lines are 4x-3y+3=0 and 4x-3y-3=0

Now, putting all options in these equations

(1) (\frac{-1}{4},\frac{2}{3})

4(\frac{-1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{2}{3}+3=-1-2+3=0

4(\frac{-1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{2}{3}-3=-6 \neq 0

(2) (\frac{1}{4},\frac{-1}{3})

4(\frac{1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{-1}{3}+3=5\neq0

4(\frac{1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{-1}{3}-3=-1\neq0

(3) (\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{3})

4(\frac{1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{1}{3}+3\neq0

4(\frac{1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{1}{3}-3\neq0

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(4) (\frac{-1}{4},\frac{-2}{3})

4(\frac{-1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{-2}{3}+3\neq0

4(\frac{-1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{-2}{3}-3\neq0

Let a and b be any two numbers satisfying Then, the foot of perpendicular from the origin on the variable line,
\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}=1 , lies on :

(3591)
A a hyperbola with each semi-axis =
B a hyperbola with each semi-axis = 2.
C a circle of radius = 2
D a circle of radius =

As we learnt in

Equation of a line perpendicular to a given line -

Bx-Ay+\lambda =0 is the line perpendicular to Ax+By+C =0 .

- wherein

is some other constant than C.

Equation of line perpendicular to AB

\frac{y-0}{x-0}=\frac{+a}{b}

ax - by = 0

Foot of perpendicular is

\frac{x}{b}+\frac{y}{b}=1 and ax - by = 0

\frac{b}{a^{2}}y+\frac{y}{b}=1

y=\frac{a^{2}b}{a^{2}+b^{2}};\ x=\frac{ab^{2}}{a^{2}+b^{2}}

Also, \frac{1}{a^{2}}+\frac{1}{b^{2}}=\frac{1}{4}

x^{2}+y^{2}= \frac{(a^{2}b)^{2}+(ab^{2})^{2}}{(a^{2}+b^{2})^{2}} = \frac{a^{2}b^{2}}{a^{2}+b^{2}}=4

Circle of radius is 2.

Let L be the line passing through the point P(1, 2) such that its intercepted segment between the co-ordinate axes is bisected at P. If L1 is the line
perpendicular to L and passing through the point (-2, 1), then the point of intersection of L and L1 is :

(2573)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Equation of a line perpendicular to a given line -

Bx-Ay+\lambda =0 is the line perpendicular to Ax+By+C =0 .

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- wherein

is some other constant than C.

Here

hence equation of straight line is \frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{4}=1 (intercept form)

Line \perp to L is x-2y+\lambda =0

Passing through (-2, 1)

-2-2+\lambda =0\Rightarrow \lambda =4

\left 2x+y-4=0 \right ]\times 2

4x+2y-8=0

\underline{x-2y+4=0}

Let the equations of two sides of a triangle be 3x-2y+6=0 and . If the orthocentre of this triangle is at (1,1), then the equation of
its third side is:

(33023)
A 122x+26y+1675=0
B 26x+61y+1675=0
C 122x-26y-1675=0
D 26x-122y-1675=0

Equation of a line perpendicular to a given line -

Bx-Ay+\lambda =0 is the line perpendicular to Ax+By+C =0 .

- wherein

is some other constant than C.

General form of the equation of a line -

In , slope of a line = \frac{-A}{B} .

- wherein

a,b,c are the constants.

Let the equation of . . The equation of AC = 4x +5y -20 = 0. Equation of BE = 2x + 3y -5 = 0

Equation of CF = 5x -4y -1 =0

Equation of

The lines p\left ( p^{2}+1 \right )x-y+q= 0 and

\left ( p^{2}+1 \right )^{2}\! x+\left ( p^{2}+1 \right )y+2q= 0 are perpendicular to a common line for .

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(5771)
A exactly one value of p
B exactly two value of p
C more than two value of p
D No value of p

As we learnt in

Parallel lines -

\frac{A_{1}}{A_{2}}=\frac{B_{1}}{B_{2}}\neq \frac{C_{1}}{C_{2}}

- wherein

The two lines are A_{1}x+B_{1}y+C_{1}=0 and A_{2}x+B_{2}y+C_{2}=0

If two lines are perpendicular to same line, they must be parallel.

p(p^{2}+1)x -y+q=0

(p^{2}+1)^{2}x + (p^{2}+1)y+2q=0

\frac{p(p^{2}+1)}{(p^{2}+1)^{2}}=\frac{-1}{(p^{2}+1)}\Rightarrow P=-1

only one value

The locus of the mid-points of the perpendiculars drawn from points on the line,x=2y to the line x=y is :

(97858)
A
B 3x-2y=0
C
D

Straight Line -

Straight Line

The slope of the line joining two Points

If and \mathrm{B\left ( x_2,y_2 \right )} are two points on a straight line then the slope of the line is

. \tan\theta=\frac{BC}{AC}=\frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}

Line parallel and perpendicular to a given line -

Line parallel and perpendicular to a given line

The equation of the line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is given as ax + by + λ = 0, where λ is some constant.

Equation of the given line is ax + by + c = 0

Its slope is (-a/b)

So, any equation of line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is

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The equation of the line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is given as bx - ay + λ = 0, where λ is some constant.

Equation of the given line is ax + by + c = 0

Its slope is (-a/b)

Slope of perpendicular line will be (b/a)

So, any equation of line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is

Using midpoint
\\2x=2a+b\\2y=a+b

a=2x-2y

so locus is 6 x-6 y=x+y \quad \Rightarrow \quad 5 x=7 y

Correct Option (3)

The length of the perpendicular from the origin, on the normal to the curve, x^{2}+2xy-3y^{2}=0 at the point (2,2) is ;

(98012)
A
B
4\sqrt{2}
C

Line parallel and perpendicular to a given line -

Line parallel and perpendicular to a given line

The equation of the line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is given as ax + by + λ = 0, where λ is some constant.

Equation of the given line is ax + by + c = 0

Its slope is (-a/b)

So, any equation of line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is

The equation of the line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is given as bx - ay + λ = 0, where λ is some constant.

Equation of the given line is ax + by + c = 0

Its slope is (-a/b)

Slope of perpendicular line will be (b/a)

So, any equation of line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is

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Homogeneous Equations in Two Variables -

Homogeneous Equations in Two Variables

Homogeneous equations are those equations where each term has the same degree.

The equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is a homogeneous equation of second degree, it represents two straight lines through the origin.

Distance of a Point From a Line -

Distance of a point from a line

Perpendicular length from a point (x1,y1) to the line L : Ax + By + C = 0 is

\\ {x^{2}+2 x y-3 y^{2}=0} \\ {x^{2}+3 x y-x y-3 y^{2}=0} \\ {(x-y)(x+3 y)=0} \\ {x-y=0 \quad x+3 y=0}

(2, 2) satisfy x – y = 0

Normal

x + y = = 4 Hence

the perpendicular distance from the origin =\left|\frac{0+0-4}{\sqrt{2}}\right|=2 \sqrt{2}

Correct Option (2)

If a has vertices and , then its orthocentre has coordinates :

(111805)
\left ( -\frac{3}{5},\frac{3}{5} \right )
A

B (-3,3)
\left ( \frac{3}{5},-\frac{3}{5} \right )
C

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Solving Rq (1) and (2)

we get

A square ABCD has all its vertices on the curve The midpoints of its sides also lie on the same curve. Then, the square of area of ABCD is
____________.

(120730)
A 80
B 60
C 4
D 25

In a triangle PQR, the co-ordinates of the points P and Q are and respectively. If the equation of the perpendicular bisector of PR is then the centre of
the circumcircle of the is :

(120405)
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A
B
C
D

Equation of line PQ is

Slope of perpendicular bisector of PQ is 1 and passes through the mid point of P and Q.

Equation of perpendicular bisector of PQ is

y=x

Solving with 2 x - y +2 = 0 will give circumcenter of triangle PQR

Hence Circumcentre of triangle is (-2,-2).

19/110) Concept title Distance of a Point From a Line (90374)
Text Distance of a point from a line

Perpendicular length from a point (x1,y1) to the line L : Ax + By + C = 0 is

Let L : Ax + By + C = 0 be a line, whose distance from the point P (x1 , y1 ) is d. Draw a perpendicular PM from the point P to the line L

the line meets the x-and y-axes at the points Q and R, respectively. Then, the coordinates of the points are and .
Thus, the area of the triangle PQR is given by

TIP

The length of the perpendicular from the origin to the straight line ax + by + c = 0 is

.
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The length of the perpendicular from the from a point (x1,y1) to the line x cos ? + y sin ? = p is

Distance between two parallel lines

The equation of two parallel line is ax + by + c = 0 and ax + by + d = 0, then the distance between them is the perpendicular distance of any
point on one line from the other line.

is any point on the line ax + by + c = 0

Then,

Now, perpendicular distance of the point from the line ax + by + d = 0 is

Hence, Equation of line is 4x - 3y = 0 or 4x - 3y + 50 = 0

Description

Video

Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: 2.11, Line No: 25, Para:

Topic "Distance of a point from a line" on page 2.11 and Distance between two parallel lines on page 2.13 line number 17

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.11, Line No: 25, Para:

Topic "Distance of a point from a line" on page 2.11 and Distance between two parallel lines on page 2.13 line number 17

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 225, Line No: 1, Para:
Book
The distance of a point from a line is the length of the perpendicular drawn from the
point to the line. Let L : Ax + By + C = 0 be a line, whose distance from the point

Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 102, Line No: 1, Para:

the lenght of perpendicular distance from a point (x1,y1) to the line ax+by+c=0 is

Question The shortest distance between the line and the curve is

(5767)
A

B \frac{3\sqrt{2}}{5}

D \frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8}

As we learnt in

Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

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- wherein

is the distance from the line .

Let (a2 , a) be a point on x = y2

Distance between (a2, a) and x- y+ 1= is

It is minimum when

So minimum distance = \frac{3}{4\sqrt{2}}

The radius of a circle, having minimum area, which touches the curve y=4−x2

and the lines, is:

(1895)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Standard equation of parabola -

- wherein

and concept

Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

This figure shows the circle with least area satisfying the conditions.

Circle touches y=x;

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In the figure, centre (x,y) of the circle is (0,4-r)

Now using distance formula to determine the radius of the circle,

On rationalising,

The distance, from the origin, of the normal to the curve,

at is

(2565)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein

slope

point through which line passes

at

Slope of normal =

equation of normal

Distance from origin=

= 2 units

The base of an equilateral triangle is along the line given by 3x + 4y = 9. If a vertex of the triangle is (1, 2), then the length of a side of the triangle is :

(3681)
A
B
C
D

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As we learnt in

Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

Also

Thus

The shortest distance between line

(5935)
A
B
C \; \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\;
D \; \frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8}

As we learnt in

Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

Let (a,a2) be a point of x=y2

Distance between (a, a2) and y-x-1=0 is

\frac{\left | a^{2}-a-1 \right |}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left [ \left ( a-\frac{1}{2} \right )^{2}+\frac{3}{4} \right ]

This is minima when

distance=\frac{3}{4\sqrt{2}}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8}

If a variable line, 3x+4y-\lambda =0 is such that the two circles x^{2}+y^{2}-2x-2y+1=0 and are on its
opposite sides, then the set of all values of is the interval :

(32740)
A \left ( 23,31 \right )
B \left ( 2,17 \right )
C [12,21]
D [13,23]

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Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

3x+4y-\lambda =0

(7-\lambda )(31-\lambda )<0 (Since centre are on the opposite sides)

...............(1)

\left | {7-\lambda } \right |\geq 5\: \: and \: \: \left | {31 -\lambda } \right |\geq 10

=>\lambda \leq 2\: \: or\: \: \lambda \geq 12....................................(2)

and

=>\lambda \leq 21\: \: or\: \: \lambda \geq 41.................................(3)

(1) (2) (3)

\lambda \epsilon [12,21]

The straight line meets the coordinate axes at A and B. A circle is drawn through A,B and the origin.

Then the sum of perpendicular distances from A and B on the tangent to the circle at origing is:

(32947)

C 4\sqrt5

D
\frac{\sqrt5}{4}

Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

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Equation of tangent -

xx_{1}+yy_{1}+g(x+x_{1})+f(y+y_{1})+c=0

- wherein
Tangent to circle

at

Equation of circle is

\left ( x-1 \right )\left ( x-0 \right )+\left ( y-0 \right )\left ( y-\frac{1}{2} \right )=0

Equation of tangent at circle at is

-x-\frac{y}{2}=0

\Rightarrow 2x+y=0\cdots \cdots \cdots \left ( 1 \right )

distance of \left ( 0,\frac{1}{2} \right ) from (1) is \frac{1}{2\sqrt{5}}

distance of \left ( 1,0 \right ) from (1) is

required = \frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{5}}=\frac{5}{2\sqrt{5}}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}

The shortest distance between the line y=x and the curve y^{2}=x-2 is :

(57941)
A

C
D

Slope of the tangent -

Let y = f(x) is a curve then dy / dx = f'(x) and at a particular point (h, k) it gives slope of tangent. From fig

- wherein

Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

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- wherein

is the distance from the line .

Find shortest distance

y'=\frac{1}{2y}

the tangent at point P is parallel to x=y

So y'=1=\frac{1}{2y}

=y=\frac{1}{2}

putiing the value of in curve

=\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )^{2}=x-2\Rightarrow \frac{1}{4}=x-2

x=\frac{1}{4}+2=\frac{9}{4}

Shortest distance between two parallel lines or perpendicular distance from P\; to\; x=y

=\left | \frac{\frac{9}{4}-\frac{1}{2}}{\sqrt{1^{2}+1^{2}}} \right |=\frac{\frac{7}{4}}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{7}{4\sqrt{2}}

Lines are drawn parallel to the line 4x-3y+2=0, at a

distance from the origin. Then which one of the following points

lies on any of these lines?

(58113)
A (\frac{-1}{4},\frac{2}{3})
B (\frac{1}{4},\frac{-1}{3})
C (\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{3})
D (\frac{-1}{4},\frac{-2}{3})

Equation of a line parallel to a given line -

Ax+By+\lambda =0 is line parallel to Ax+By+C =0 .

- wherein

Where is some constant other than C.

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Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

Line parallel to 4x-3y+2=0 can be written as, 4x-3y+c=0.

This line lies at a distance of from origin.

=>\left |\frac{0-0-c}{\sqrt{16+9}} \right |=\frac{3}{5}

=>c=\pm 3

So, equation of lines are 4x-3y+3=0 and 4x-3y-3=0

Now, putting all options in these equations

(1) (\frac{-1}{4},\frac{2}{3})

4(\frac{-1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{2}{3}+3=-1-2+3=0

4(\frac{-1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{2}{3}-3=-6 \neq 0

(2) (\frac{1}{4},\frac{-1}{3})

4(\frac{1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{-1}{3}+3=5\neq0

4(\frac{1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{-1}{3}-3=-1\neq0

(3) (\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{3})

4(\frac{1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{1}{3}+3\neq0

4(\frac{1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{1}{3}-3\neq0

(4) (\frac{-1}{4},\frac{-2}{3})

4(\frac{-1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{-2}{3}+3\neq0

4(\frac{-1}{4})-3\cdot \frac{-2}{3}-3\neq0

The line L given by \frac{x}{5}+\frac{y}{b}=1 passes through the point (13, 32). The line K is parallel to L and has the equation
\frac{x}{c}+\frac{y}{3}=1. Then the distance between L and K is

(5862)
A \frac{23}{\sqrt{15}}\;
B
C \; \frac{17}{\sqrt{15}}\;
D

As we learnt in

Condition for parallel lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of two lines

and

Distance between two parallel lines -

\rho =\frac{\left | c_{2}-c_{1} \right |}{\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}}}

- wherein

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is the distance between ax+by+c_{1}=0 and ax+by+c_{2}=0

\frac{x}{5}+ \frac{y}{b}= 1

Put (13, 32)

\frac{13}{5}+\frac{y}{b}= 1

\Rightarrow b= -20

\frac{x}{5}- \frac{y}{20}= 1

y = 4x-20

So, m = 4

Also, \frac{x}{c}+ \frac{y}{3} = 1\:,\:m = \frac{-3}{c}

\frac{-3}{c}= 4\; \Rightarrow c=\frac{-3}{4}

Equation is -4x + y = 3

Distance \frac{\left | 3+20 \right |}{\sqrt{17}}=\frac{23}{\sqrt{17}}

The length of the perpendicular from the origin, on the normal to the curve, x^{2}+2xy-3y^{2}=0 at the point (2,2) is ;

(98012)
A
B
4\sqrt{2}
C

Line parallel and perpendicular to a given line -

Line parallel and perpendicular to a given line

The equation of the line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is given as ax + by + λ = 0, where λ is some constant.

Equation of the given line is ax + by + c = 0

Its slope is (-a/b)

So, any equation of line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is

The equation of the line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is given as bx - ay + λ = 0, where λ is some constant.

Equation of the given line is ax + by + c = 0

Its slope is (-a/b)

Slope of perpendicular line will be (b/a)

So, any equation of line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is

Homogeneous Equations in Two Variables -

Homogeneous Equations in Two Variables

Homogeneous equations are those equations where each term has the same degree.

The equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is a homogeneous equation of second degree, it represents two straight lines through the origin.

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Distance of a Point From a Line -

Distance of a point from a line

Perpendicular length from a point (x1,y1) to the line L : Ax + By + C = 0 is

\\ {x^{2}+2 x y-3 y^{2}=0} \\ {x^{2}+3 x y-x y-3 y^{2}=0} \\ {(x-y)(x+3 y)=0} \\ {x-y=0 \quad x+3 y=0}

(2, 2) satisfy x – y = 0

Normal

x + y = = 4 Hence

the perpendicular distance from the origin =\left|\frac{0+0-4}{\sqrt{2}}\right|=2 \sqrt{2}

Correct Option (2)

The number of integral values of k for which the line, intersects the circle,

at two distinct point is_______.

(116442)
A 4
B 9
C 14
D 21

Center = (1,2) ; Radius = 1

Line 3x + 4y – k = 0 intersects the circle at two distinct points.

distance of centre from the line < radius

If the line, is at a distance and from the lines and respectively, then the sum of all
possible values of and is ______.

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(112056)
A 10
B 20
C 30
D 40

Apply distance between parallel line formula

Distance between the parallel line

Divide equation (2) by 2, to make coefficient of x and y same

Sum = 12

Again, Multiply equation (1) by 3

Sum = 12 + 18 = 30

The shortest distance between the line and the curve is :

(120110)
A

D 0

The shortest distance between curves is always along common normal.

the slope of the line

P is any point on the parabola, and also tangent pass through point P

slope of the tangent to the parabola

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A line is a common tangent to the circle and the parabola . If the two points of contact (a, b) and (c, d) are distinct and
lie in the first quadrant, then 2(a + c) is equal to ______.

(120134)
A 7
B 3
C 11
D 9

equation of the tangent at point A

center of the circle is (3,0) and radius is 3

the perpendicular distance from center to tangent is 3 unit, so

since, point lies on first quadrant

20/110) Concept title Point of intersection of two lines (90379)

Point of intersection of two lines

Equation of two non-parallel line is

If P (x1, y1) is a point of intersection of L1 and L2 , then solving these two equations of the line by cross multiplication

We get,

Text

Concurrent Line

If three straight lines meet in a point then three given lines are concurrent.

To check if three lines are concurrent or not

1. First find the point of intersection of any two straight lines by solving them simultaneously. If this point satisfies the third equation then
three lines are concurrent.

2. Three lines , i = 1, 2, 3 are concurrent if

Description

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Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 109, Line No: 3, Para:

Book
and

Question What can be the value of for these two lines to be intersecting ?

(18594)
A =3
B =2
C =1
D All values are possible

As we have learned

Intersecting lines -

- wherein

The two lines are A_{1}x+B_{1}y+C_{1}=0 and A_{2}x+B_{2}y+C_{2}=0

Here

Thus

What is the value of K so that the lines are coincident?

(18622)
A 4/3
B 4
C 12
D 6

As we learnt

Coincident lines -

- wherein

The two lines are A_{1}x+B_{1}y+C_{1}=0 and A_{2}x+B_{2}y+C_{2}=0

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\frac{K}{4}=\frac{3}{1}=\frac{6}{2}\Rightarrow K=12

If the lines x + 2ay + a = 0, x + 3by + b = 0\:\:and\: & x + 4cy + c = 0 are concurrent, then a, b, c are in

(52250)
A A.P
B G.P
C H.P
D none

As we have learnt in

Condition of concurrency -

\begin{vmatrix} a_{1} & b_{1} & c_{1}\\ a_{2}& b_{2} &c_{2} \\ a_{3} & b_{3} &c_{3} \end{vmatrix}=0

- wherein

Three lines a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}=0 , a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}=0 and a_{3}x+b_{3}y+c_{3}=0 are concurrent.

Condition for concurrency \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2a & a\\ 1 & 3b &b \\ 1& 4c & c \end{vmatrix} = 0

3bc -4bc - 2a (c - b) + a (4c - 3b) = 0

- bc + 2ac - ab = 0 \frac{2}{b} = \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{c}

So a, b, c are in H.P.

Let a, b, c and d be non-zero numbers. If the point of intersection of the lines 4ax+2ay+c=0 and 5bx+2by+d=0 lies in the fourth quadrant and is
equidistant from the two axes then :

(3500)
A
B 3bc+2ab=0
C
D 2bc+3ad=0

As learnt in

Condition of concurrency -

Solve the equations of two lines to get a point and satisfy it in the third equation of line.

4ax+2ay+c=0 and 5bx+2by+d=0

Let the point of intersection be (K, -K)

From both equations, we get

2aK+c = 0;3bK+d=0

Let C the centroid of the triangle with vertices Let P be the point of intersection of the lines and
Then the line passing through the points C and P also passes through the point:

(98026)
A
B
C
D

Centroid -

Centroid

Centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of the medians of the triangle. A centroid divides the median in the ratio 2:1.

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Whereas, the median is the line joining the mid-points of the sides and the opposite vertices.

The coordinates of the centroid of a triangle (G) whose vertices are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3, y3), is given by

If D (a1, b1), E (a2, b2) and F (a3, b3) are the mid point of ΔABC, then its centroid is given by

Point of intersection of two lines -

Point of intersection of two lines

Equation of two non-parallel line is

If P (x1, y1) is a point of intersection of L1 and L2 , then solving these two equations of the line by cross multiplication

We get,

Equation of Straight Line (Part 2) -

Equation of Straight Line

(c) Two-point form

The equation of a straight line passing through the two given points (x1,y1) and (x1,y1)is given by

The centroid of triangle ABC D(2,2)

Point of intersection P

equation of line DP is 8x – 11y + 6 = 0

Point (–9,–6) satisfies the equation

The intersection of three lines is a :

(117289)
A None of the above
B Equilateral triangle
C Isosceles triangle

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D Right angled triangle

Let point A be the point of intersection of L1 and L2, point B be the point of intersection of L1 and L3, and point C be the point of intersection of
L3 and L2.

A = (1, 1)

B = (2, 2)

C = (3, 0)

so its an isosceles triangle

The number of integral values of m so that the abscissa of point of intersection of lines 3x+4y=9 and y=mx+1 is also an integer, is :

(120716)
A
B
C
D

Given equation of the lines are

3x + 4y = 9 and y = mx + 1

3x + 4(mx + 1) = 9

x(3 + 4m) = 5

21/110) Concept title Family of Lines (90381)

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Family of Lines

Any equation of line through the point of intersection of the lines and can be
represented as

Where λ is a parameter.

Text

Note:.

The equation L1 + λL2 = 0 or μL1 + νL2 = 0 represents a line passing through the intersection of the lines L1 = 0 and L2 = 0 which is a
fixed point. And λ, μ , ν are constants.

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.25, Line No: 5, Para:

Topic "Family of lines"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 110, Line No: 12, Para:

the family of straight line through the intersection of lines

Question What is the equation of line that belongs to the family of lines (x+y+1) + (x) = 0 and (x-y+1) + (y) = 0 ?

(18601)
A x+y+1 = 0
B x-y +1 = 0
C x-y-1=0
D x+y-1 = 0

A swe have learned

Family of straight lines -

This is the family of lines passing through the intersection of two lines.

- wherein

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Point of intersecting the first family of lines

x+y+1 = 0

x=0

x = 0 , y = -1

And for second family

x-y +1 = 0 ; y = 0 ;x = -1

Thus line in both families is

x+y = - 1

x+y+ 1 = 0

Which of the following is not a conic section ?

(18605)
A circle
B parabola
C straight line
D pair of straight line

As we have learned

Conic Sections -

Intersections of a plane with a double napped right circular hollow cone.

- wherein

A pair of straight line can be shown on a double maped circular cone but a straight can't

22/110) Concept title Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line (90384)

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Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line

The equation of the straight lines which pass through a given point (x1 , y1) and make an angle α with the given straight line y = mx + c are

Where, m = tan ?

Text
AB is a given line which makes an angle ? with the x-axis.

So, m = tan ?

CD and EF are the lines that make an angle α with the given straight line AB.

Consider the figure

Description

Video

Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: , Line No: , Para:
Question The equation of the base of an equilateral triangle is x + y = 2 and its vertex is (4, -2).

Then which of the followings are equations of its sides :

(93070)
A
B
C
D Both (A) and (B)

Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line -

Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line

The equation of the straight lines which pass through a given point (x1 , y1) and make an angle α with the given straight line y = mx + c are

Where, m = tan ?

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Let A(4, -2) and B, C be the other vertices of the equilateral triangle.

Now AB and AC make equal angles with line BC whose slope is m = -1.

Equation of AC :

Equation of AB :

find the equation of the staright line is passinng through point P(3,4) and and making angle with y-axis in clockwise direction ?

(93086)
A x-3+\sqrt{3}y+4\sqrt{3}=0
B x-\sqrt{3}y+4\sqrt{3}+3=0
C x-\sqrt{3}y+4\sqrt{3}=0
D None of these

Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line -

Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line

The equation of the straight lines which pass through a given point (x1 , y1) and make an angle α with the given straight line y = mx + c are

Where, m = tan ?

\text{Angle with y-axis in clockwise direction is }\frac{\pi}{3}\\ \text{So angle with x-axis in anti-clockwise direction is }\frac{\pi}{6}\\
\text{Equation of line }\\ y-4=\tan{\frac{\pi}{6}}(x-3)\\ y-4=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(x-3)\\ x-3-\sqrt{3}y+4\sqrt{3}=0

A line L is passes through the points (1,1) and (2,0) find the equation of another line which is passing through (1,0) and perpendicular to line L.

(93089)
A
B x+y-1=0
C

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D None of these

Foot of Perpendicular -

Foot of Perpendicular

P(x1, y1) is any point and M is the point of foot of perpendicular drawn from point P on the line AB: ax + by + c = 0.

To find the coordinate of Point M, find the equation of PM which is perpendicular to the line AB: ax + by + c = 0 and passes through point P(x1, y1).

OR

Foot of perpendicular of P(x1, y1) on the line AB : ax + by + c = 0 is M is (x2, y2). then

Let the coordinate of foot of perpendicular be M (x2, y2). Then, point M lies on the line AB.

\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;ax_2+b_2+c=0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(i)}\\\mathrm{and, \;\;\;\;\;\because \;\; PM\perp

AB}\\\text{then, (slope of PM)(slope of AB) = -1}\\\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; \left ( \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1} \right )\left ( -\frac{a}{b}
\right )=-1}\\\\\mathrm{or\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;bx_2-ay_2=bx_1-ay_1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(ii)}\\\\\text{After solving (i) and (ii) we get M}
(x_2,y_2)

Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line -

Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line

The equation of the straight lines which pass through a given point (x1 , y1) and make an angle α with the given straight line y = mx + c are

Where, m = tan ?

\\\text{Slope of Line L =}\frac{0-1}{2-1}=-1\\\\ \text{so slope of new line is }(m)=1\\ \text{Equation of new line is }\\ y-0=1(x-1)\\ x-y-1=0

The equations of the lines through the point (3,2) and the line makes an angle 45° with the line x – 2y = 3 is:

(93072)
A 2x - y = 4
B x - 2y+1=0
C x - 2y-1=0
D 3x-y=7

Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line -

Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line

The equation of the straight lines which pass through a given point (x1 , y1) and make an angle α with the given straight line y = mx + c are

Where, m = tan ?

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Let the slope of the required line is 'm'

Then,

\\\tan \left(45^{\circ}\right)=\left|\frac{m-\frac{1}{2}}{1+\frac{m}{2}}\right|\\ {\Rightarrow\left|\frac{2 m-1}{2+m}\right|=1} \\ {\Rightarrow

\quad \frac{2 m-1}{2+m}=1 \text { and } \frac{2 m-1}{2+m}=-1} \\ {\Rightarrow \quad m=3 \text { and } m=-\frac{1}{3}}

Hence, the equation of the lines are

\\ {y-2=3(x-3) \text { and } y-2=-\frac{1}{3}(x-3)} \\ {\Rightarrow \quad 3 x-y-7=0 \text { and } x+3 y-9=0}
23/110) Concept title Line Equally Inclined with two lines (90387)
Line Equally Inclined with two lines

If the two lines with slope m1 and m2 are equally inclined to a line having slope m, then

Two lines with slope m1 and m2 intersect at point A

Text

As from the fig

Hence,

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.21, Line No: 13, Para:
Book
Topic "Equations of bisectors of the angles between the lines"
Question Equations of line L1 is \sqrt{3}y-x+1=0 and Equation of line L2 is y-\sqrt{3}x+1=0 then find the equation of Line which is equally inclinde with
both line and passing through intersection point .

(93092)
A y=-x+1+\sqrt{3}
B y=x+2-2\sqrt{3}
C y=x+1-\sqrt{3}
D Option (i) and option (iii) both

Line Equally Inclined with two lines -

Line Equally Inclined with two lines

If the two lines with slope m1 and m2 are equally inclined to a line having slope m, then

Two lines with slope m1 and m2 intersect at point A

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As from the fig

Hence,

\sqrt{3}y-x+1=0 \Rightarrow m_1=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\\ y-\sqrt{3}x+1=0 \Rightarrow m_2=\sqrt{3}\\ y-\sqrt{3}x+1=0

\begin{array}{l}{\text { If the two lines with slope } m_{1} \text { and } m_{2} \text { are equally inclined to a line having slope } m, \text { then
}} \\ {\left(\frac{m_{1}-m}{1+m_{1} m}\right)=-\left(\frac{m_{2}-m}{1+m_{2} m}\right)}\end{array}\\

\left(\frac{\mathbf{\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}}-\mathbf{m}}{1+\mathbf{\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}} \mathbf{m}}\right)=-\left(\frac{\mathbf{\sqrt{3}}-
\mathbf{m}}{1+\mathbf{\sqrt{3}} \mathbf{m}}\right)\Rightarrow m^2=1\\ m=\pm 1\\

\text{For Intersection point }\\ \sqrt{3}y-x+1=0\\ y-\sqrt{3}x+1=0 \\ x=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\\ y=\frac{3}{2}(1-\sqrt{3})\\ \text{Equation of lines}\\
y-\frac{3}{2}(1-\sqrt{3})=x-\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\\ L_1: \ y=x+2-2\sqrt{3}\\ y-\frac{3}{2}(1-\sqrt{3})=-1(x-\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2})\\ y=-x+1-\sqrt{3}

A line is passing through (1,1) and (2,1+\sqrt{3}) and another line which is passing through (1,1) and (2,1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}) then find the
equation of line which is equally inclined with both line .

(93099)
A y=x
B y=-x
C Option A and B both
D None of these

Line Equally Inclined with two lines -

Line Equally Inclined with two lines

If the two lines with slope m1 and m2 are equally inclined to a line having slope m, then

Two lines with slope m1 and m2 intersect at point A

As from the fig

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Hence,

\text{Slope of line }L_1=\frac{1+\sqrt{3}-1}{2-1}=\sqrt{3}=\tan 60^{\circ}\\ \text{Slope of line }L_2=\frac{1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-1}{2-

1}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\tan 30^{\circ}\\ \text{Slope of line which is equally inclined }=\tan 45^{\circ}=1\\ \text{and another line which is also equally
inclined,slope is }=-1\\ \text{Equations of lines}\\ L_1: \ y-1=x-1\\\Rightarrow y-x=0\\ L_2: \ y-1=-1(x-1)\\\Rightarrow y+x-2=0\\

Two equal sides of an isosceles triangle have the equations 7x – y + 3 = 0 and x + y = 3 and its third side passes through the point (-2, –1). Then the
equation of the third side.

(93071)
A x=y-1
B x=3y+1
C 4x+y+9=0
D Both (B) and (C)

Line Equally Inclined with two lines -

Line Equally Inclined with two lines

If the two lines with slope m1 and m2 are equally inclined to a line having slope m, then

Two lines with slope m1 and m2 intersect at point A

Let Equation of AB is 7x – y + 3 = 0 and equation of AC x + y = 3

Slope of AB = 7 and Slope of AC = -1

Let the equation of third side BC, = y = mx + c

Angle between AB and BC = Angle between AC and BC

\\\left | \frac{7-m}{1+7m} \right |=\left | \frac{-1-m}{1-m} \right |\\-6 m^{2}-16 m+6=0\\3m^2+8m-3=0\\m=-3\;\;and\;\;\;m=1/3\\equation

\;\;of\;BC\;\;is\;\;\\(y-(-1))=-3(x-(-2))\Rightarrow 3x+y+7=0\\ or\\\left(y-\left(-1\right)\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x-\left(-2\right)\right)\Rightarrow x-
3y=1
24/110) Concept title Equation of the Bisectors (90393)

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Equation of the Bisectors

The equation of the angle bisectors between the two lines

and is

Text

Bisector of the Angle Containing the Origin

Rewrite the equation of the line a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 such that the constant term c1 and c2 are positive.

Then, we have

it gives the equation of the bisector of the angle containing the origin and

gives the equation of the bisector of the angle not containing the origin.
Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.21, Line No: 13, Para:
Book
Topic "Equations of bisectors of the angles between the lines"
Question The sides of a rhombus ABCD are parallel to the lines, x−y+2=0 and 7x−y+3=0. If the diagonals of the rhombus intersect at P(1, 2) and the vertex A
(different from the origin) is on the y-axis, then the ordinate of A is :

(14033)

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A

B \frac{7}{4}
C 2
D

As we learned,

Condition for parallel lines -

- wherein

Here are the slope of two lines

and

Equation of angle bisectors -

\frac{a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}}{\sqrt{a_{1}^{2}+b_{1}^{2}}} =\frac{\pm a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}}{\sqrt{a_{2}^{2}+b_{2}^{2}}}

- wherein

Angle bisectors of the lines a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}=0 and a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}=0

Let co-ordinate of A = (0,a)

Equation of parallel lines are

x - y + 2 =0 and 7x -y + 3 = 0

Diagonals are \parallel to \angle bisectors i.e.

\frac{x-y+2}{\sqrt{2}}=\pm \left ( \frac{7x-y+3}{5\sqrt{2}} \right )

i.e. L_{1} : \: 2x+4y-7=0

L_{2} : \: 12x-6y+13=0

m_{1}=\frac{-1}{2} and m_{2}=2

Slope of A(0,C) to P(1,2) is \frac{2-C}{1}=\frac{-1}{2}\: \Rightarrow \: C=\frac{5}{2}

From a point P(1, 2) pair of tangent’s are drawn to a hyperbola ‘H’ where the two tangents touch different arms of hyperbola. Equation of asymptotes
of hyperbola H are \sqrt 3 x - y + 5 = 0 \: \: and \: \: \sqrt 3 x + y - 1 = 0 then eccentricity of ‘H’ is

(52268)
A 2
B 2 \sqrt 3
C \sqrt 2
D

Equation of angle bisectors -

\frac{a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}}{\sqrt{a_{1}^{2}+b_{1}^{2}}} =\frac{\pm a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}}{\sqrt{a_{2}^{2}+b_{2}^{2}}}

- wherein

Angle bisectors of the lines a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}=0 and a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}=0

Acute and obtuse angle bisectors -

If \left | tan\Theta \right |<1, bisector is acute angle bisector. If \left | tan\Theta \right |>1, bisector is obtuse angle bisector.

- wherein
If is the angle between one of the lines and one of bisectors.

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origin lies in acute angle of asymptotes

P(1, 2) lies in obtuse angle of asymptotes

acute angle between the asymptotes is

\pi /3 \\\\ \therefore e = \sec \theta /2 \sec \pi /6 = 2 \sqrt 3

If one of the lines of is a bisector of the angle between the lines

(5995)
A 1
B 2
C –1/2
D –2

Equation of the Bisectors -

Equation of the Bisectors

The equation of the angle bisectors between the two lines

and is

Slope of a line -

If is the angle at which a straight line is inclined to a positive direction of x-axis, then the slope is defined by

- wherein

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So slope of line equally inclined is:

The perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining has intercept – 4 . Then a possible value of is

(5998)
A –4
B 1
C 2
D –2

Equation of the Bisectors -

Equation of the Bisectors

The equation of the angle bisectors between the two lines

and is

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Mid-point formula -

- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

As well as,

Slope – point from of a straight line -

- wherein

slope

point through which line passes

Mid-point of is

Slope of is

Slope of line perpendicular to

so point is

25/110) Concept title Distinguish between obtuse and acute

Text Distinguish between obtuse and acute

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To distinguish between acute angles and obtuse angle bisectors, choose one of the equations of bisector, say eq (iii). Let the angle betwe

RO is the bisector of an acute a

tan (∠ROB) = tan (?/2) is such that |

⇒ ?/2 < π/4

⇒ ? < π/2

RO is the bisector of an obtuse

tan (∠ROB) = tan (?/2) is such that |

⇒ ?/2 > π/4

⇒ ? > π/2

Shortcut Method for Identifying Acute Obt

Description

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Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.21, Line No: 13, Para:
Book
Topic " Equations of bisectors of the angles between the lines"
Question What is the equation of acute angle bisector of the lines y = 0 and \sqrt 3 x -y = 0

(18595)
A x + \sqrt 3 y = 0
B x - \sqrt 3 y = 0
C \sqrt 3x + y = 0
D none

As we have learned

Acute and obtuse angle bisectors -

If \left | tan\Theta \right |<1, bisector is acute angle bisector. If \left | tan\Theta \right |>1, bisector is obtuse angle bisector.

- wherein

If is the angle between one of the lines and one of bisectors.

Clearly we can see that there can be two possibilities

for the acute angle m = 1 , i.e \tan \theta = 1/ \sqrt 3

Thus \tan \phi where \phi is diffrence between and 0

\tan \phi = 1/ \sqrt 3 Thus line is

y= x/ \sqrt 3

x = \sqrt 3 y

From a point P(1, 2) pair of tangent’s are drawn to a hyperbola ‘H’ where the two tangents touch different arms of hyperbola. Equation of asymptotes of h

(52268)
A 2
B 2 \sqrt 3
C \sqrt 2
D

Equation of angle bisectors -

\frac{a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}}{\sqrt{a_{1}^{2}+b_{1}^{2}}} =\frac{\pm a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}}{\sqrt{a_{2}^{2}+b_{2}^{2}}}

- wherein

Angle bisectors of the lines a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}=0 and a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}=0

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Acute and obtuse angle bisectors -

If \left | tan\Theta \right |<1, bisector is acute angle bisector. If \left | tan\Theta \right |>1, bisector is obtuse angle bisector.

- wherein

If is the angle between one of the lines and one of bisectors.

origin lies in acute angle of asymptotes

P(1, 2) lies in obtuse angle of asymptotes

acute angle between the asymptotes is

\pi /3 \\\\ \therefore e = \sec \theta /2 \sec \pi /6 = 2 \sqrt 3

Let P=(-1,0),Q=(0,0)\; and\; R=(3,3\sqrt{3}) be three points. The equation of the bisector of the angle is

(5994)
A \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}x+y=0\;
B \; x+\sqrt{3y}=0\;
C \; \sqrt{3}x+y=0\;
D \; x+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}y=0

Distinguish between obtuse and acute angle bisector -

Distinguish between obtuse and acute angle bisector

\\\mathrm{Let,\;\;\;L_1:a_1x+b_1y+c_1=0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(i)}\\\mathrm{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;L_2:a_2x+b_2y+c_2=0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots
(a_1x+b_1y+c_1 \right )}{\sqrt{a_1^2+b_1^2}}=\frac{\left (a_2x+b_2y+c_2 \right )}{\sqrt{a_2^2+b_2^2}}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(iii)}\\\mathrm{\;\;\;\;\;\
{\sqrt{a_2^2+b_2^2}}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(iv)}

P(-1,0)\:\:\:\:Q(0,0)\:\:\:\:and\:\:\:\:R(3,3\sqrt 3)

\tan (\angle RQX)=\frac{3 \sqrt 3}{3}=\sqrt 3\:\:\:\:\Rightarrow \angle RQX=\frac{\pi}{3}

Slope of line TQ is \tan 120^{o}=-\sqrt3

Equation is y=mx

y=-\sqrt 3x\:\:\:\:\Rightarrow \sqrt3x+y=0

26/110) Concept title Foot of Perpendicular (90396)

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Foot of Perpendicular

P(x1, y1) is any point and M is the point of foot of perpendicular drawn from point P on the line AB: ax + by + c = 0.

To find the coordinate of Point M, find the equation of PM which is perpendicular to the line AB: ax + by + c = 0 and passes through point
P(x1, y1).

OR
Text

Foot of perpendicular of P(x1, y1) on the line AB : ax + by + c = 0 is M is (x2, y2). then

Let the coordinate of foot of perpendicular be M (x2, y2). Then, point M lies on the line AB.

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.19, Line No: 50, Para:
Book
Topic "Foot of perpendicular drawn from a point on a line and image of point in a line"
Question A line L is passes through the points (1,1) and (2,0) find the equation of another line which is passing through (1,0) and perpendicular to line L.

(93089)
A
B x+y-1=0
C
D None of these

Foot of Perpendicular -

Foot of Perpendicular

P(x1, y1) is any point and M is the point of foot of perpendicular drawn from point P on the line AB: ax + by + c = 0.

To find the coordinate of Point M, find the equation of PM which is perpendicular to the line AB: ax + by + c = 0 and passes through point P(x1, y1).

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OR

Foot of perpendicular of P(x1, y1) on the line AB : ax + by + c = 0 is M is (x2, y2). then

Let the coordinate of foot of perpendicular be M (x2, y2). Then, point M lies on the line AB.

\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;ax_2+b_2+c=0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(i)}\\\mathrm{and, \;\;\;\;\;\because \;\; PM\perp

AB}\\\text{then, (slope of PM)(slope of AB) = -1}\\\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; \left ( \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1} \right )\left ( -\frac{a}{b}
\right )=-1}\\\\\mathrm{or\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;bx_2-ay_2=bx_1-ay_1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(ii)}\\\\\text{After solving (i) and (ii) we get M}
(x_2,y_2)

Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line -

Equation of Straight Lines Passing Through a Given Point and Making a given Angle with a Given Line

The equation of the straight lines which pass through a given point (x1 , y1) and make an angle α with the given straight line y = mx + c are

Where, m = tan ?

\\\text{Slope of Line L =}\frac{0-1}{2-1}=-1\\\\ \text{so slope of new line is }(m)=1\\ \text{Equation of new line is }\\ y-0=1(x-1)\\ x-y-1=0

The coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the point P(2,3) to the line 3 x-4 y-16=0

(93073)
A (5,-1)
B (3,4)
C (1,2)
D (2,3)

Foot of Perpendicular -

Foot of Perpendicular

P(x1, y1) is any point and M is the point of foot of perpendicular drawn from point P on the line AB: ax + by + c = 0.

To find the coordinate of Point M, find the equation of PM which is perpendicular to the line AB: ax + by + c = 0 and passes through point P(x1, y1).

OR

Foot of perpendicular of P(x1, y1) on the line AB : ax + by + c = 0 is M is (x2, y2). then

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Let the coordinate of foot of perpendicular be M (x2, y2). Then, point M lies on the line AB.

\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;ax_2+b_2+c=0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(i)}\\\mathrm{and, \;\;\;\;\;\because \;\; PM\perp

AB}\\\text{then, (slope of PM)(slope of AB) = -1}\\\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; \left ( \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1} \right )\left ( -\frac{a}{b}
\right )=-1}\\\\\mathrm{or\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;bx_2-ay_2=bx_1-ay_1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(ii)}\\\\\text{After solving (i) and (ii) we get M}
(x_2,y_2)

\text{Let M(a,b) is on the line }3 x-4 y-19=0....(i)\\ 3a-4b-19=0\\ \text{Point PM is perpendicular to this line }\\ \frac{b-3}{a-2} \times \frac{3}
{4}=-1\\ 3b+4a-17=0....(ii)\\ 3\times \text{Equation (i) + }4\times equation(ii)\\ 9a-12b-57+12b+16a-68=0\\ 25a=125\\\rightarrow a=5\\ 3b=17-4*5\\
b=-1\\

The coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from (a,o) on the line are

(6770)
A \left ( 0,\frac{-a}{m} \right )
B \left ( \frac{a}{m},0 \right )
C \left ( 0,\frac{a}{m} \right )\:
D None

Foot of Perpendicular -

Foot of Perpendicular

P(x1, y1) is any point and M is the point of foot of perpendicular drawn from point P on the line AB: ax + by + c = 0.

To find the coordinate of Point M, find the equation of PM which is perpendicular to the line AB: ax + by + c = 0 and passes through point P(x1, y1).

OR

Foot of perpendicular of P(x1, y1) on the line AB : ax + by + c = 0 is M is (x2, y2). then

Let the coordinate of foot of perpendicular be M (x2, y2). Then, point M lies on the line AB.

\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;ax_2+b_2+c=0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(i)}\\\mathrm{and, \;\;\;\;\;\because \;\; PM\perp

AB}\\\text{then, (slope of PM)(slope of AB) = -1}\\\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; \left ( \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1} \right )\left ( -\frac{a}{b}
\right )=-1}\\\\\mathrm{or\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;bx_2-ay_2=bx_1-ay_1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(ii)}\\\\\text{After solving (i) and (ii) we get M}
(x_2,y_2)

As we learnt in

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General form of the equation of a line -

In , scope of a line = \frac{-A}{B} .

- wherein

a,b,c are the constants.

m^{2}x-my+a =0 -------------------------(i)

slope of l=m

Slope of perpendicular = \frac{-1}{m}

so perpendicular equation y = \frac{-1}{m}\left ( x-a \right )

\Rightarrow x+my-a=0 ------------------------ (ii)

Solutions solving (i) and (ii)

\left ( m^{2} \right+1 )x =0 \Rightarrow x=0

y= \frac{a}{m}

A line is a common tangent to the circle and the parabola . If the two points of contact (a, b) and (c, d) are distinct and
lie in the first quadrant, then 2(a + c) is equal to ______.

(120134)
A 7
B 3
C 11
D 9

equation of the tangent at point A

center of the circle is (3,0) and radius is 3

the perpendicular distance from center to tangent is 3 unit, so

since, point lies on first quadrant

27/110) Concept title Image of a Point about a Line (90397)

Text Image of a Point about a Line

Q (x2, y2) is the image of a point P (x1, y1) about a line L : ax + by + c = 0 . To find the coordinates of point Q, first find the coordinates of the
foot of perpendicular M drawn from the point P (x1, y1) on the line L and use the concept of that point M is the midpoint of point P (x1, y1)
and point Q (x2, y2).

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OR

Imager of P (x1, y1) on the line L: ax + by + c = 0 Is Q (x2, y2), then

Image of a point in a different case

Let P(h, k) be any point and Q (x, y) is Image of point P.

M is the midpoint of P and Q, then point Q will be

With respect to X-axis

Q = (h, -k)

Sign change of ordinate.

With respect to Y-axis

Q = (-h, k)

Sign change of abscissae

With respect to Origin

Q = (-h, -k)

Sign change of ordinate and abscissa

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With respect to the line x = y

Q = (k, h)

Interchange of x and y

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 2.19, Line No: 50, Para:
Book
Topic "Foot of perpendicular drawn from a point on a line and image of point in a line"
Question Locus of the image of the point (2, 3) in the line

(2x-3y+4)+k(x-2y+3)=0,k\, \epsilon \, R,\, is\, a\, :

(3329)
A straight line parallel to x-axis.
B straight line parallel to y-axis
C circle of radius
D circle of radius

Image of a Point about a Line -

Image of a Point about a Line

Q (x2, y2) is the image of a point P (x1, y1) about a line L : ax + by + c = 0 . To find the coordinates of point Q, first find the coordinates of the foot of
perpendicular M drawn from the point P (x1, y1) on the line L and use the concept of that point M is the midpoint of point P (x1, y1) and point Q (x2,
y2).

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OR

Imager of P (x1, y1) on the line L: ax + by + c = 0 Is Q (x2, y2), then

image of p\left ( 2, 3 \right ) in the line

\left ( 2x-3y+4 \right )+ k\left ( x-2y+3 \right )=0, \:k\epsilon R

Point of intersection is A\left ( 1, 2 \right )

Now if PF=RF

where

R is image of P, then

AP Should be equal to AR, i.e. AP=AR

\left ( h-1 \right )^2+\left ( k-2 \right )^2=2

Circle of radius = \sqrt{2}

The image of the point A(1,2) by the line mirror y=x is the point B and the image of B by the line mirror y=0 is the point (\alpha, \beta) then

(6751)
A \alpha =1, \beta =-2
B \alpha =0, \beta =0
C \alpha =2, \beta =-1
D None

Image of a Point about a Line -

Image of a Point about a Line

Q (x2, y2) is the image of a point P (x1, y1) about a line L : ax + by + c = 0 . To find the coordinates of point Q, first find the coordinates of the foot of
perpendicular M drawn from the point P (x1, y1) on the line L and use the concept of that point M is the midpoint of point P (x1, y1) and point Q (x2,
y2).

OR

Imager of P (x1, y1) on the line L: ax + by + c = 0 Is Q (x2, y2), then

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Image of point B(2,1) in x-axis is (2,-1)

If the image of point P(2, 3) in a line L is Q(4, 5),then the image of point R(0, 0) in the same line is :

(42665)
A ( 2,\; 2 )
B ( 4,\; 5 )
C ( 3,\; 4 )
D ( 7,\; 7 )

Image of a Point about a Line -

Image of a Point about a Line

Q (x2, y2) is the image of a point P (x1, y1) about a line L : ax + by + c = 0 . To find the coordinates of point Q, first find the coordinates of the foot of
perpendicular M drawn from the point P (x1, y1) on the line L and use the concept of that point M is the midpoint of point P (x1, y1) and point Q (x2,
y2).

OR

Imager of P (x1, y1) on the line L: ax + by + c = 0 Is Q (x2, y2), then

\text{slope of PQ}=\frac{5-3}{4-2}=1\\ \text{So slope of Line L}=-1\\ \text{Mid point of PQ is on the line L so }\\ M=(3,4)\\ \text{Equation of line
L}\\ y-4=-1(x-3)\\ x+y=7\\ \begin{array}{l}{\text { Imager of } P\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) \text { on the line } L: a x+b y+c=0 \text { is }
Q\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right) \text { , then }} \\ {\frac{x_{2}-x_{1}}{a}=\frac{y_{2}-y_{1}}{b}=-\frac{2\left(a x_{1}+b_{1}+c\right)}
{\left(a^{2}+b^{2}\right)}}\end{array}\\ {\frac{x_{2}-0}{1}=\frac{y_{2}-0}{1}=-\frac{2\left(1 \cdot 0+1 \cdot 0-7\right)}
{\left(1^{2}+1^{2}\right)}}\\ (x_2,y_2)=(7,7)

Let L denote the line in the XY-plane with x and y intercepts as 3 and 1 respectively. Then the image of the point in this line is :

(112121)
A \left ( \frac{11}{5},\frac{28}{5} \right )
B \left ( \frac{29}{5},\frac{8}{5} \right )
C \left ( \frac{8}{5},\frac{29}{5} \right )

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D \left ( \frac{29}{5},\frac{11}{5} \right )

Let If the mirror image of the point with respect to the line is \left ( 20,b,-a-9 \right ), then
is equal to :

(116998)
A
B
C
D

Here Q is the mirror image of Point P

Therefore midpoint of P and Q lies on the given line

Midpoint of PQ is

The image of the point (3,5) in the line , lies on :

(116955)
A
B
C
D

28/110) Concept title Reflection of Light (90399)

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Reflection of Light

Laws of reflection

1. The incident ray, the normal ray and the reflected ray to a surface at the point of an incident all lie on the same plane.

2. The angle of incident = angle of reflection

Text

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Book Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 136, Line No: 1, Para:

Reflection of a light
Question A ray of light is sent along the line 3x + y - 7 = 0. Upon reaching the line 3x - 2y + 5 = 0, the ray is reflected from it. Then the equation of the line
containing the reflected ray is

(93102)
A 3x + 41y + 161 = 0
B 3x - 39y + 161 = 0
C 3x - 41y + 161 = 0
D 3x + 39y + 161 = 0

Reflection of Light -

Reflection of Light

Laws of reflection

1. The incident ray, the normal ray and the reflected ray to a surface at the point of an incident all lie on the same plane.

2. The angle of incident = angle of reflection

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As from the figure,

To get coordinate of P, solve the equation of line together

3x + y - 7 = 0

3x - 2y + 5 = 0

We get, P = (1, 4)

Let, the slope of reflected ray is m

The slope of mirror line is 3/2

Then the slope of the line perpendicular to mirror line is (i.e. PN) -2/3

and slope of the incident ray is -3

Line PN is equally inclined to the line PR and IP

\\\mathrm{\left ( \frac{(-3)-\left ( -\frac{2}{3} \right )}{1+(-3)\left ( -\frac{2}{3} \right )} \right )}=-\left ( \frac{m-\left ( -\frac{2}{3} \right )}
{1+m\left ( -\frac{2}{3} \right )} \right )\\\mathrm{m=\frac{3}{41}}\\\mathrm{Equation\;of\;reflected\;ray\;is}\\\mathrm{y-4=\frac{3}{41}(x-1)}

3x - 41y + 161 = 0

Altair

IMAGE METHOD

Choose A(0, 7) any point on reflected ray i.e. IP

And let B(α, β) is the image of point A about the mirror line 3x - 2y + 5 = 0, then

\\\frac{\alpha-0}{3}=\frac{\beta-7}{-2}=-2\left ( \frac{3(0)-2(7)+5}{3^2+(-2)^2} \right )\\\alpha=\frac{54}{13}\\\beta=\frac{55}

{13}\\Now,equation\;of\;line\;passing\;through\;(1,4)\;\;and\;\;\left ( \frac{54}{13},\frac{55}{13} \right )\\y-4=\frac{\frac{55}{13}-4}{\frac{54}
{13}-1}\left(x-1\right)\\3\left(x-1\right)=41y-164\\3x-41y+161=0

A ray of light passing through the point (2, 4) is reflected on the x-axis at a point P and passes through the point (5, 3). Then the abscissa of the point P
is

(93101)
A -26/3
B -26/7
C 26/3
D 26/7

Reflection of Light -

Reflection of Light

Laws of reflection

1. The incident ray, the normal ray and the reflected ray to a surface at the point of an incident all lie on the same plane.

2. The angle of incident = angle of reflection

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-

Let N be the image of M (5, 3) with respect to x-axis. Thus N is (5, –3)

Slope of NQ = \frac{-3-4}{5-2}=\frac{-7}{3}

Therefore, the equation QN is

(y-4)=\frac{-7}{3}(x-2)

7x + 3y = 26

Point P is (26/7, 0)

29/110) Concept title Pair of Straight Line (90400)

Pair of Straight Line

Joint Equation of a Pair of Straight Line

Equation of two straight line are a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 then combined or joint equation of line will be (a1x + b1y + c1)(a1x +
b2y + c2) = 0

⇒ a1a2x2 + (a1b2 + a2b1)xy + b1b2y2 + (a1c2 + c1a2)x + (a1c2 + c1b2)y + c1c2 = 0

Or

ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

Above equation represent a pair of straight line.

If we write the equation as a quadratic in x, where a ≠ 0

Text

For the equation of a straight line, we must have ‘x’ as a linear expression in ‘y’. For that, the value of Discriminant (the value under the
square root) must be a perfect square of some linear expression in ‘y’.

Thus, the Discriminant must be zero.

This is the condition for which ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represent a pair of straight line.

Also, the condition for a pair of a straight line can be written in a determinant form as

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 3.1, Line No: 1, Para:

Topic "Equation of pair of straight line"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 205, Line No: 1, Para:

general equation of second degree

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Find the joint equation of the lines x+y+2=0, x-y+2=0

(93103)
A x^2+y^2+4x+4
B x^2+y^2+4x-4
C x^2-y^2+4x+4
D Both A and B

Pair of Straight Line -

Pair of Straight Line

Joint Equation of a Pair of Straight Line

Equation of two straight line are a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 then combined or joint equation of line will be (a1x + b1y + c1)(a1x + b2y +
c2) = 0

⇒ a1a2x2 + (a1b2 + a2b1)xy + b1b2y2 + (a1c2 + c1a2)x + (a1c2 + c1b2)y + c1c2 = 0

\text{Joint Equation }\\ (x+y+2)(x-y+2)=(x+2)^2-y^2=x^2-y^2+4x+4

Find the separate equations of the lines represented by x^{2}-4 x y+3 y^{2}=0
Question (93104)
A x-y=0
B x-3y=0
C x+3y=0
D A and B both

Pair of Straight Line -

Pair of Straight Line

Joint Equation of a Pair of Straight Line

Equation of two straight line are a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 then combined or joint equation of line will be (a1x + b1y + c1)(a1x + b2y +
c2) = 0

⇒ a1a2x2 + (a1b2 + a2b1)xy + b1b2y2 + (a1c2 + c1a2)x + (a1c2 + c1b2)y + c1c2 = 0

30/110) Concept title Point of Intersection of Pair of Straight Lines (90822)

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Point of Intersection of Pair of Straight Lines

To get the point of intersection, first find the component straight line and solve them simultaneously.

You can also direct formula to get the point of intersection,

The point of intersection of pair of straight-line can also be determined with the help of partial differentiation

Text

IMPORTANT NOTE

In the above equations, 2ax + 2hy + 2g = 0 and 2hx + 2by +2f = 0 are not equations of components of straight line.
Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Book Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 208, Line No: 26, Para:

Theorem 3: Point of intersection of the lines represents by

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Find the point of intersection of the lines represented by x^{2}-4 x y+2 y^{2}+2x+ 2y-2=0

(93105)
A (2,\frac{3}{2})
B (2,{2})
C (2,{-2})
D None of these

\text{From above concept the point of intersection is }\\ \begin{array}{l}{\text { You can also direct formula to get the point of intersection }} \\
{\left(\frac{b g-h f}{h^{2}-a b}, \frac{a f-g h}{h^{2}-a b}\right)}\end{array}\\ x^{2}-4 x y+2 y^{2}+2x+2 y-2=0\\ a=1,b=2,g=1,f=1,h=-2,c=-2\\
{\left(\frac{2\cdot 1 -(-2) \cdot 1}{(-2)^{2}-2\cdot 1}, \frac{1\cdot 1-1\cdot (-2)}{(-2)^{2}-2\cdot 1}\right)}\\ (2,\frac{3}{2})

Which of the following is true for pair of straight lines x^{2}-4 x y+4 y^{2}+2x+2 y-2=0

(93106)
A Both lines are perpendicualr
B Both lines are parallel
C Lines intersect at (3/2,-1)
D Both A and C
Question

Point of Intersection of Pair of Straight Lines -

Point of Intersection of Pair of Straight Lines

To get the point of intersection, first find the component straight line and solve them simultaneously.

You can also direct formula to get the point of intersection,

\left ( \frac{bg-hf}{h^2-ab},\frac{af-gh}{h^2-ab} \right )

\text{From above concept the point of intersection is }\\ \begin{array}{l}{\text { Direct formula to get the point of intersection }} \\ {\left(\frac{b g-
h f}{h^{2}-a b}, \frac{a f-g h}{h^{2}-a b}\right)}\end{array}\\ x^{2}-4 x y+4 y^{2}+2x+ 2y-2=0\\ a=1,b=4,g=1,f=1,h=-2,c=-2\\ {\left(\frac{2\cdot 1
-(-2) \cdot 1}{(-2)^{2}-4\cdot 1}, \frac{1\cdot 1-1\cdot (-2)}{(-2)^{2}-4\cdot 1}\right)}\\ h^2-ab=0\\ \text{So both lines are parallel lines}
31/110) Concept title Homogeneous Equations in Two Variables (90823)

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Homogeneous Equations in Two Variables

Homogeneous equations are those equations where each term has the same degree.

The equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is a homogeneous equation of second degree, it represents two straight lines through the origin.

1. The lines are real and distinct if h2 - ab > 0

Text
2. The lines are coincident, if h2 - ab = 0

3. The lines are perpendicular, if a + b = 0

Angle between pair of Straight Lines

General equation of pair of straight line is ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.

1. Angle between the pair of the straight line is

The corresponding equation of pair of straight lines parallel to component line of ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 (1) and passing through
the origin is ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 (2).

Angle between the component lines of Eq. (1) and Eq. (2) is the same.

Let the component lines of ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 be y1 = m1x and y2 = m2x

From the previous concept

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 3.3, Line No: 9, Para:

Topic "Second-degree Homogeneous Equations "

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 194, Line No: 45, Para:

Homogeneous equation in two variable

Question The angle between the lines x^{2}+4xy+y^{2}= 0, is

(18668)
A

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C
D none of these

As we learned

Angle between pair of lines -

\tan \Theta = 2\left | \frac{\sqrt{h^{2}-ab}}{a+b} \right |

- wherein

Equation : ax^{2}+by^{2}+2hxy+2gx+2fy+c=0

Here a = 1, b = 1, h = 2

\tan \Theta =\left | \frac{2\sqrt{h^{2}-ab}}{a+b} \right |= \frac{2\sqrt{4-1}}{2}= \sqrt{3}

\therefore\: \: \: \: \Theta = 60^{\circ}

If 4x^2+4xy=0 is a equation of pair of straight line and \tan^{-1}m is is angle between two line then find out the value of m?

(93107)
A 0
B 1
C 2
D None of these

Homogeneous Equations in Two Variables -

Homogeneous Equations in Two Variables

Homogeneous equations are those equations where each term has the same degree.

The equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is a homogeneous equation of second degree, it represents two straight lines through the origin.

1. The lines are real and distinct if h2 - ab > 0

2. The lines are coincident, if h2 - ab = 0

3. The lines are perpendicular, if a + b = 0

Angle between pair of Straight Lines

General equation of pair of straight line is ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.

1. Angle between the pair of the straight line is

\\\mathrm{\theta=\tan^{-1}\left \{ \frac{2\sqrt{h^2-ab}}{|a+b|} \right \}}

4x^2+4xy=0\\ \begin{array}{l}{\text { Angle between the pair of the straight line is }} \\ {\theta=\tan ^{-1}\left\{\frac{2 \sqrt{h^{2}-a b}}
{|a+b|}\right\}}\end{array}\\ a=4,b=0,h=2\\ \theta=\tan ^{-1}\left\{\frac{2 \sqrt{2^{2}-4 \times 0}}{|4+0|}\right\}\\ \theta=\tan ^{-1}(1)\\ m=1

If the component lines whose combined equation is ax^2-bxy-y^2=0 makes angle \phi \and \ \theta with x-axis, then find the value of
\tan (\phi + \theta)

(93108)
A \frac{ab}{1+a}\\
B
C \frac{ab}{1-a}\\
D None of these

Homogeneous Equations in Two Variables -

Homogeneous Equations in Two Variables

Homogeneous equations are those equations where each term has the same degree.

The equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is a homogeneous equation of second degree, it represents two straight lines through the origin.

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1. The lines are real and distinct if h2 - ab > 0

2. The lines are coincident, if h2 - ab = 0

3. The lines are perpendicular, if a + b = 0

Angle between pair of Straight Lines

General equation of pair of straight line is ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.

1. Angle between the pair of the straight line is

\\\mathrm{\theta=\tan^{-1}\left \{ \frac{2\sqrt{h^2-ab}}{|a+b|} \right \}}

The corresponding equation of pair of straight lines parallel to component line of ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 (1) and passing through the
origin is ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 (2).

Angle between the component lines of Eq. (1) and Eq. (2) is the same.

Let the component lines of ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 be y1 = m1x and y2 = m2x

From the previous concept

\\\mathrm{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;m_1+m_2=-\frac{2h}{b}\;\;\;and\;\;\;m_1\cdot m_2=\frac{a}{b}}\\\theta\text{ is the angle between the lines,

then}\\\mathrm{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\tan\theta=\left |\frac{m_1-m_2}{1+m_1m_2} \right |}\\\\\mathrm{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;=\frac{2\sqrt{h^2-
ab}}{|a+b|}}

\text{Given Equation}\\ ax^2-bxy-y^2=0\\ \text{Let }m_1=\tan \phi, m_2=\tan \theta \\ \tan(\phi+\theta)=\frac{m_1+m_2}{1-m_1m_2}\\ \text{As
we know }\\ For a x^{2}+2 h x y+b y^{2}=0\\ \begin{array}{l}{\mathrm{m}_{1}+\mathrm{m}_{2}=-\frac{2 \mathrm{h}}{\mathrm{b}}} \\
{\mathrm{m}_{1} \mathrm{m}_{2}=\frac{\mathrm{b}}{\mathrm{a}}}\end{array}\\ \mathrm{m}_{1}+\mathrm{m}_{2}=-\frac{-b}{-1}=-b\\
{\mathrm{m}_{1} \mathrm{m}_{2}=\frac{\mathrm{-1}}{\mathrm{a}}}\\ \tan(\phi+\theta)=\frac{-b}{1+\frac{1}{a}}\\ \tan(\phi+\theta)=\frac{-ab}
{1+a}\\
32/110) Concept title Homogenization of Second Degree Equation (90824)

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Homogenization of Second Degree Equation

Consider the general second degree equation

This equation represents a pair of the straight lines, circle, parabola, ellipse or hyperbola.

As the above equation is not a homogenous equation.

Text

Now, let’s a straight line : L = lx + my + n = 0 (2) intersects the curve at two points A and B.

The pair of straight-line OA and OB must be homogenous and must contain only second-degree terms.

In order to make Eq (1) homogeneous using Eq (2)

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 3.5, Line No: 10, Para:

Topic "Homogenization of Second Degree Equation"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 214, Line No: 46, Para:

Equation of the line joining the origin to the point of intersection of a given line and given curve
Question The equation of the straight lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the line lx + my = 1 and the curve y2 = 4ax is:

(93110)
A 4 a l x^{2}+4 a m x y-y^{2}=0
B 4 a l x^{2}+4 a m x y+y^{2}=0
C 4 a l x^{2}-4 a m x y-y^{2}=0
D 4 a l x^{2}-4 a m x y+y^{2}=0

Homogenization of Second Degree Equation -

Homogenization of Second Degree Equation

Consider the general second degree equation

\\\mathrm{S\equiv ax^2+by^2+2hxy+2gx+2fy+c=0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(1}

This equation represents a pair of the straight lines, circle, parabola, ellipse or hyperbola.

As the above equation is not a homogenous equation.

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Now, let’s a straight line : L = lx + my + n = 0 (2) intersects the curve at two points A and B.

The pair of straight-line OA and OB must be homogenous and must contain only second-degree terms.

In order to make Eq (1) homogeneous using Eq (2)

\\1=\mathrm{\frac{lx+my}{-n}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(3)}\\\text{now, equation of curve is}\\\mathrm{S\equiv \left (ax^2+2hxy+by^2
\right )+(2gx+2fy)\cdot1+c\cdot1=0}\\\text{put the value of 1 in above equation, we get}\\\\\mathrm{\left (ax^2+2hxy+by^2 \right )+(2gx+2fy)\left (
\frac{lx+my}{-n} \right )+c\left ( \frac{lx+my}{-n} \right )^2=0}

\begin{array}{l}{\text { The given line is }} \\ {\begin{array}{l}{\qquad \begin{array}{l}{\quad l x+m y=1...(i)} \\ {\left(\frac{l x+m y}
{1}\right)=1}\end{array}} \\ {\text { The given curve is }} \\ {y^{2}=4 ax ...(ii)}\end{array}}\end{array}\\

Making the Eq. (ii) homogeneous of the second degree

in x and y by means of Eq. (i), we get

y^{2}=4 a x(l x+m y)

4 a l x^{2}+4 a m x y-y^{2}=0

Find the value of m, if the lines joining the origin and the point of intersection of y=m x+1 and x^{2}+3 y^{2}=1
perpendicular to one another

(93113)
A
B
C A and B both
D None of these

Homogenization of Second Degree Equation -

Homogenization of Second Degree Equation

Consider the general second degree equation

\\\mathrm{S\equiv ax^2+by^2+2hxy+2gx+2fy+c=0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(1}

This equation represents a pair of the straight lines, circle, parabola, ellipse or hyperbola.

As the above equation is not a homogenous equation.

Now, let’s a straight line : L = lx + my + n = 0 (2) intersects the curve at two points A and B.

The pair of straight-line OA and OB must be homogenous and must contain only second-degree terms.

In order to make Eq (1) homogeneous using Eq (2)

\\1=\mathrm{\frac{lx+my}{-n}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(3)}\\\text{now, equation of curve is}\\\mathrm{S\equiv \left (ax^2+2hxy+by^2
\right )+(2gx+2fy)\cdot1+c\cdot1=0}\\\text{put the value of 1 in above equation, we get}\\\\\mathrm{\left (ax^2+2hxy+by^2 \right )+(2gx+2fy)\left (
\frac{lx+my}{-n} \right )+c\left ( \frac{lx+my}{-n} \right )^2=0}

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-

\text{Given curve is }x^{2}+3 y^{2}=1 .. (i)\\ \text{and given line is }y=m x+1 ...(ii)

$x^{2}+3 y^{2}=(y-m x)^{2} \\ $x^{2}+3 y^{2}=y^{2}+m^{2} x^{2}-2 m x y \\ \left(1-m^{2}\right) x^{2}+2 m x y+2 y^{2}=0\\

(1-m^2)+2=0\\ m=\pm \sqrt{3}

If the curve intersects the line x + y = 1 at two points P and Q, then the angle subtended by the line segment PQ at the origin is :

(120117)
A

Given equation of the curves are

Homogenising above two equation

These are the equation of the line

33/110) Concept title Circle(Definition) (90825)

Text Circle

Definition:

A circle is the locus of a moving point such that its distance from a fixed point is constant.

The fixed point is called the centre (O) of the circle and constant distance is called its radius (r).

Chord and Diameter:

The line joining any two points on the circumference of a circle is called a chord and if the chord is passing through the centre is called the
diameter of the circle.

Equation of circle

Central Form:

The equation of a circle with centre at C (h,k) and radius r is (x-h)2+(y-k)2=r2.

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Let P(x, y) be any point on the circle. Then, by definition, | CP | = r.

Using the distance formula, we have

If the centre of the circle is the origin or (0,0) then equation of the circle becomes

General Form:

The equation of a circle with centre at (h,k) and radius r is

This is known as the general equation of the circle.

Compare eq (i) and eq (ii)

h = -g, k = -h and c=h2+k2-r2

Coordinates of the centre (-g,-f)

Radius =g2+f2-c

Simplest Form

Equation of Circle whose centre at (0,0) and radius r is x2+y2=r2.

As, here (h,k) becomes (0,0).

Nature of the Circle

For the standard equation of a circle x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 whose radius is given as g2+f2-c.

Now the following cases arise

1. If g2+f2-c>0, then the radius of the circle will be real. Hence, the circle is a real circle.

2. If g2+f2-c=0, then the radius of the circle will be real. Hence, the circle is a Point circle because the radius is 0.

3. If g2+f2-c< 0, then the radius of the circle will be imaginary. Hence, the circle is an imaginary circle.

Description

Video

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Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 4.1, Line No: 1, Para:

Start From Destination on this page

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 240, Line No: 3, Para:

Definition 1 A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed
Book
point in the plane.
The fixed point is called the centre of the circle and the distance from the centre
to a point on the circle is called the radius

Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 242, Line No: 1, Para:

a circle is the locus of a point which moves in a plane, so that is distance from a fixed point(C) in the plane is always constant.
Question If two parallel chords of a circle, having diameter 4 units, lie on the opposite sides of the centre and subtend angles at the center respectively, then the
distance between these chords, is :

(1775)
A \frac{4}{\sqrt{7}}
B \frac{8}{\sqrt{7}}
C \frac{8}{7}
D \frac{16}{7}

As we learnt in

Circle -

A circle is the locus of a moving point such that its distance from a fixed point is constant.

- wherein

and using the concept of chords;

\cos\theta =\frac{1}{7}

2\cos^{2}\frac{\theta }{2}-1=\frac{1}{7}

2\cos^{2}\frac{\theta }{2}=\frac{8}{7}

\Rightarrow \cos\frac{\theta }{2}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{7}}

\Rightarrow \cos\frac{\theta }{2}=\frac{OA}{r}=\frac{OA}{2}

OA=\frac{4}{\sqrt{7}};

thus distance between them is 2OA=\frac{8}{\sqrt{7}}

A wire of length 2 units is cut into two parts which are bent respectively to form a square of side=x units and a circle of radius=r units. If the sum of
the areas of the square and the circle so formed is minimum, then :

(2316)
2x = (π+4) r
A

(4−π) x = πr
B

x = 2r
C

D 2x = r

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As we learnt in

Circle -

A circle is the locus of a moving point such that its distance from a fixed point is constant.

- wherein

Let the length of two parts be 'a' and '2-a'

a=4x and 2-a=2\pi r

where x is side of square

r is radius of circle

sum of Areas = \frac{a^2}{16}+\frac{a^2-4a+4}{4\pi }

of \left ( a \right ) = \frac{a^2\pi +4a^2-16a+16}{16\pi }

f^{'}\left ( a \right ) = \frac{1}{16\pi }\left [ 2a\pi +8a-16 \right ]=0

2a\pi +8a=16

x= \frac{a}{4} = \frac{2}{\pi +4}

r=\frac{2-a}{2\pi }

r=\frac{1}{\pi +4}

Hence x=2r

a circle with equation

x^2+y^2+4x+2fy+c=0 has centre (-2,6) and radius = . Find c.

(18567)
A 31
B 33
C 35
D 37

as we learned

Centre of a circle and radius -

Fixed point in the circle is called the centre and fixed distance is called the radius.

Herem, g = -2 and f = -6,

Thus \sqrt{g^{2}+f^{2}-c}= \sqrt{7}\\*\\* \Rightarrow 4+36-c-7\\*\\* \Rightarrow c=33

The equation of a circle with origin as a centre and passing through equilateral triangle whose median is of length 3a is

(5952)
A x^{2}+y^{2}=9a^{2}
B x^{2}+y^{2}=16a^{2}
C x^{2}+y^{2}=4a^{2}
D

As we learnt in

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Equation of a circle -

x^{2}+y^{2}=r^{2}

- wherein

Circle with centre \left ( O,O \right ) and radius .

AD=3a

AO =2a

Centroid divides median in 2 : 1

Hence equation is

\\ x^{2}+y^{2} =(2a)^{2} \\ x^{2}+y^{2} =4a^{2}

The axes are translated so that the new equation of the circle x^2 + y^2 - 5x + 2y - 5 = 0 has no first degree terms. Then the new equation is

(52253)
A x^2 + y^2 = 9
B x^2 + y^2 = 49/4
C x^2 + y^2 = 81 /16
D none

Equation of a circle -

x^{2}+y^{2}=r^{2}

- wherein

Circle with centre \left ( O,O \right ) and radius .

Equation of a circle -

- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

x^2 + y^2 - 5x + 2y - 5 = 0 \\\\ (x-5/2 )^2 + (y+1)^2 - 5 - 25/4 -1 = 0 \\\\ ( x-5/2 )^2 + ( y +1)^2 = 49/4

so the axes are shifted to (5/2,-1) New equation of circle must be

x^2 + y^2 = 49/4

An ellipse is drawn by taking a diameter of the circle (x - 1)2 + y2 = 1 as its semiminor axis and a diameter of the circle x2 + (y - 2)2 = 4 as its semi-
major axis. If the centre of the ellipse is the origin and its axes are the coordinate axes, then the equation of the ellipse is

(3989)
A 4x2 + y2 = 4
B x2 + 4y2 = 8
C 4x2 + y2 = 8
D x2 + 4y2 = 16

As leant in

Standard equation -

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- wherein

Semi major axis

Semi minor axis

Equation of a circle -

- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

Let P be the point on the parabola, y2=8x which is at a minimum distance from the centre C of the circle, x2 + (y+6)2=1. Then the equation of the
circle, passing through C and having its centre at P is :

(2346)
x2 + y2 − 4x + 8y + 12 = 0
A

x2+y2−x+4y−12=0
B

C x^{2}+y^{2}-\frac{x}{4}+2y-24=0

x2 + y2 − 4x + 9y + 18 = 0
D

As we learnt in

Parametric coordinates of parabola -

- wherein

For the parabola.

Equation of a circle -

- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

Equation of normal of in

parametric form y=-tx+2at+at^{3}

If it passes through (0,-6)

\Rightarrow -6=2at+at^{3}

Put a=2

we get t= -1

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This point is (a, -2a) (2, -4)

Radius of circle = distance between \left ( 0,-6 \right ) and \left ( 2,-4 \right )

\Rightarrow \sqrt{2^{2}+2^{2}}=2\sqrt{2}

Hence equation is

\left ( x-2 \right )^2+\left ( y+4 \right )^2=\left ( 2\sqrt{2} \right )^2

x^{2}+y^{2}-4x+8y+12=0

If a circle passing through the point (-1, 0) touches y-axis at (0, 2), then the length of the chord of the circle along the x-axis is :

(3240)
A
B
C 3
D 5

As learnt in concept

Circle touching y-axis and having radius r -

x^{2}+y^{2}+ 2gx\pm 2ry+g^{2}= 0

- wherein

Where g is a variable parameter.

Equation of a circle -

- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

If the centre is (h, 2) then

radius = |h|

equartion of circle is

\left ( x-h \right )^{2}+\left ( y-2 \right )^{2}=h^{2}

and it passes through point (-1, 0)

putting values , we get

h=\frac{-5}{2}

So centre is

\left ( \frac{-5}{2}, 2 \right )

equation \: \left ( x+\frac{5}{2} \right )^{2}+\left ( y-2 \right )^{2} =\left ( \frac{5}{2} \right )^{2}

AB is chord along x-axis

AB = 2(AM) = 2\sqrt{\frac{25}{4}-4}=3

A variable circle passes through the fixed point A(p,q) and touches axis. The locus of the other end of the diameter through is

(5969)
A (y-p)^{2}=4qx

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B (x-q)^{2}=4py
C (x-p)^{2}=4qy
D (y-q)^{2}=4px

As we learnt in

Equation of a circle -

- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

Circle touching x-axis and having radius r -

- wherein

Where f is a variable parameter.

Let the other diametric end be P(h,k)

So centre is \left (\frac{p+h}{2},\frac{q+R}{2} \right )

Radius = \sqrt{\left(\frac{h-p}{2} \right )^{2}+\left(\frac{k-q}{2} \right )^{2}}

For circle touching x-axis, radius = \left(\frac{q+k}{2} \right )

So\; \left(\frac{h-p}{2} \right )^{2}+\left(\frac{k-q}{2} \right )^{2}=\left(\frac{k+q}{2} \right )^{2}

we get (h-p)2=4kg

i.e. (x-p)2=4qy. a parabola

The lines 2x-3y=5\; and\; 3x-4y=7 are diameters of a circle having area as 154 sq. units. Then the equation of the circle is

(5957)
A x^{2}+y^{2}+2x-2y=47
B x^{2}+y^{2}-2x+2y=47
C x^{2}+y^{2}-2x+2y=62
D x^{2}+y^{2}+2x-2y=62

As we learnt in

Equation of a circle -

- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

Centre is a point of intersection of

2x-3y=5 \ and \ 3x -4y=7

i.e. \ x=1, y=-1

also \pi r^{2}=154

\frac{22}{7}\times r^{2}=154

\Rightarrow r^{2}=49

\Rightarrow r=7

equation of circle is

(x-1)^{2}+(y-1)^{2}=7^{2}

x^{2}+y^{2}-2x+2y=47

The area ( in sq. units ) of the smaller of the two circle that touch the parabola , at the point (1,2 ) and the x-axis is :

(58030)
A
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B
C
D

Equation of tangent -

- wherein

Tangent at

Equation of a circle -

- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

equation of tangent at (1,2)

equation of normal

let the centre be

for

so

option 4 is answer

A circle touching the x-axis at (3, 0) and making an intercept of length 8 on the y-axis passes through the point:

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(58164)
A (3,10)
(3,5)
B

(2,3)
C

(1,5)
D

Equation of a circle -

- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

=> equation of circle is

Hence (3,10) will satisfy the equation.

If one of the diameters of the circle, given by the equation, x2 + y2 − 4x + 6y − 12=0, is a chord of a circle S, whose centre is at (−3, 2), then the radius
of S is :

(2344)
A
B
C 5
D 10

As we learnt in

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Radius of given circle =5

Distance between centres= and C_{2}\left ( -3,1 \right )

C_{1} C_{2}=d=\sqrt{\left ( 2+3^\right )^2+\left ( -3-2 \right )^2}=\sqrt{50} =5\sqrt{2}

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Now R^{2}=r^{2}+d^{2}

= 25+50=75

R=5\sqrt{3}

Consider a family of circles which are passing through the point (–1, 1) and are tangent to axis. If (h,k) are the coordinate of the centre of the
circles, then the set of values of is given by the interval

(5996)
A -\frac{1}{2}\leq k\leq \frac{1}{2}\;
B \; k\leq \frac{1}{2}\;
C \; 0\leq k\leq \frac{1}{2}\;
D

As we learnt in

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Equation of circle with center is:

(x-h)^{2}+(y-k)^{2}=h^{2}

Radius of circle is

We get,

If the lines lie along diameters of a circle of circumference then the equation of the circle is

(5970)
A
B x^{2}+y^{2}-2x-2y-23=0
C x^{2}+y^{2}-2x+2y-23=0
D x^{2}+y^{2}+2x-2y-23=0

As we learnt in

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

coordinates of centre is the point of intersection of 2x+3y + 1 =0 and 3x - y - 4 = 0

2x+3y=-1

\underline{9x-3y=12}

11x=11\Rightarrow x=1

2(1)+3y=-1

y=-1

Point\ is (1,-1)

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also, 2\pi r=10\pi

\Rightarrow r=5

Equation is

(x-1)^{2}+(y+1)^{2}=5^{2}\\ x^{2}+y^{2}-2x+2y-23=0

If the circles x^{2}+y^{2}+2ax+cy+a=0\; and\; x^{2}+y^{2}-3ax+dy-1=0 intersect in two distinct points P\; and\; Q then the line 5x+by-a=0
passes through P\; and\; Q for

(5979)
A no value of
B exactly one value of
C exactly two value of
D infinitely many value of

As we learnt in

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

x^{2}+y^{2}+2ax+cy+a=0

x^{2}+y^{2}-3ax+dy-1=0

Subtracting , we get

5ax+\left ( c-d \right )y+\left ( a+1 \right )=0

Also 5x+by-a=0

\frac{5a}{5}=\frac{c-d}{b}=-\left ( \frac{a+1}{a} \right )

a^{2}=-a-1

=> a^{2}+a+1=0

Which has no real root.

A circles touches the axis and also touches the circle with centre at (0, 3) and radius 2. The locus of the centre of the circle is

(5980)
A a circle
B an ellipse
C a parabola
D a hyperbola.

As we learnt in

Circle touching x-axis and having radius r -

- wherein

Where f is a variable parameter.

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

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Let centre of circle be P(h,k)

distance AB =

Squaring both sides

Which represents a parabola.

The point diametrically opposite to the point on the circle is

(6000)
A (3, 4)
B (3, – 4)
C (– 3, 4)
D (– 3, – 4)

As we learnt in

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Mid-point formula -

- wherein

If the point P(x,y) is the mid point of line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) .

Centre is (-1, -2)

If the lines are two diameters of a circle of area square units, then the equation of the circle is

(5988)
A
B x^{2}+y^{2}+2x-2y-62=0
C x^{2}+y^{2}-2x+2y-62=0
D x^{2}+y^{2}-2x+2y-47=0
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As we learnt in

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Point of intersection of 3x - 4y - 7= 0 and 2x - 2y - 5 = 0 is (1, -1) which is the center and \pi r^{2}=49 \pi

r=7

Equation is x2 + y2 - 2x + 2y - 47 = 0.

If the point (1, 4) lies inside the circle x^{2}+y^{2}-6x-10y+p=0 and the circle does not touch or intersect the coordinate axes, then the set of all
possible values of p is the interval :

(3593)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Given

12 + 42 - 6 - 40 + p < 0

p < 29

also r=\sqrt{3^{2}+5^{2}-p}

r=\sqrt{34-p}

\sqrt{34-p}<3 (since it shouldn't touch y-axis)

34 - p < 9

p > 25

so, p (25, 29)

If a circle C, whose radius is 3, touches externally the circle,

at the point (2, 2), then the length of the intercept cut by this
circle C, on the x-axis is equal to :

(13926)
A
B
C
D

As we have learned

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Selection formula -

- wherein

If P(x,y) divides the line joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in ration

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

equation of

X- intercept =

Let P be a point on the parabola, . If the distance of P from the centre of the circle, is minimum, then the equation of
the tangent to the parabola at P, is :

(13957)
A
B
C
D

as we have learned

Standard equation of parabola -

- wherein

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General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Let the Coordinate of P be

satisfies this equation

so point P is (-2,1)

equation of tangent

A circle passes through the points (2, 3) and (4, 5). If its centre lies on the line, y − 4 x + 3 =0, then its radius is equal to :

(14179)
A

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B
C
D

As we learned

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Also S passes through (2,3) and (4,5)

We get 13+4g+6f+c=0

41+8g+10f+c=0

On solving g=-2, f=-5 and simply r=2.

The tangent to the circle C_{1}:x^{2}+y^{2}-2x-1=0 at the point (2, 1) cuts off a chord of length 4 from a circle C_{2} whose centre is (3, −2).
The radius of C_{2} is :

(14035)
A 2
B
C 3
D

As we learned,

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

and

Equation of tangent -

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xx_{1}+yy_{1}+g(x+x_{1})+f(y+y_{1})+c=0

- wherein

Tangent to circle

at

Equation of tangent on at (2,1) is

2x+y-(x+2)-1=0

x+y=3

It cuts off circle C_{2} ;

distance from centre (3,-2)

\Rightarrow \: \left | \frac{3-2-3}{\sqrt{2}} \right |= \sqrt{2}

Length of chord = 4

r^{2}=4+d^{2}}\: \Rightarrow \: r^{2}=4+2=6

r=\sqrt{6}

If a circle of radius R passes through the origin O and intersects the coordinate axes at A and B, then the locus of the foot of perpendicular from O on
AB is :

(32671)
\left ( x^{2}+y^{2} \right )^{2}=4Rx^{2}y^{2}

B \left ( x^{2}+y^{2} \right )^{2}=4R^{2}x^{2}y^{2}

C \left ( x^{2}+y^{2} \right )^{3}=4R^{2}x^{2}y^{2}
D \left ( x^{2}+y^{2} \right )\left ( x+y \right )=R^{2}xy

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

equation of line AB

y-k=\frac{h}{k}(x-h)\\\\hx+ky=h^{2}+k^{2}\\\\A\left ( \frac{h^{2}+k^{2}}{k},0 \right )\\\\B\left ( 0,\frac{h^{2}+k^{2}}{k} \right ) \\\\0\left ( 0,0

\right )\\\\AB=2R\\\\\ \frac{\left ( h^{2}+k^{2} \right )^{2}}{k^{2}}+\frac{\left ( h^{2}+k^{2} \right )^{2}}{h^{2}}=4R^{2}\\\\\Rightarrow \left (
h^{2}+k^{2} \right )\left ( \frac{h^{2}+k^{2}}{h^{2}k^{2}} \right )=4R^{2}\\\\\left ( x^{2}+y^{2} \right )^{3}=4R^{2}x^{2}y^{2}

If a variable line, 3x+4y-\lambda =0 is such that the two circles x^{2}+y^{2}-2x-2y+1=0 and are on its
opposite sides, then the set of all values of is the interval :

(32740)
A \left ( 23,31 \right )
B \left ( 2,17 \right )
C [12,21]
D [13,23]

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Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

3x+4y-\lambda =0

(7-\lambda )(31-\lambda )<0 (Since centre are on the opposite sides)

...............(1)

\left | {7-\lambda } \right |\geq 5\: \: and \: \: \left | {31 -\lambda } \right |\geq 10

=>\lambda \leq 2\: \: or\: \: \lambda \geq 12....................................(2)

and

=>\lambda \leq 21\: \: or\: \: \lambda \geq 41.................................(3)

(1) (2) (3)

\lambda \epsilon [12,21]

Let C_{1}\: \: and\: \: C_{2} be the centres of the circles x^{2}+y^{2}-2x-2y-2=0 and x^{2}+y^{2}-6x-6y+14=0 respectively. If P and Q are
the points of intersection of these circles, then the area (in sq. units) of the quadrilateral PC_{1}QC_{2} is :

(32758)
A
B
C
D

@5089

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Common tangents of two circle -

When they intersect, there are two common tangents, both of them being direct.

|r_1-r_2|<\left|C_1C_2\right|<r_1+r_2

- wherein

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Equation of circle with centre C_{1}(1,1)

(x-1)^{2}+(y-1)^{2}=4

Equation of circle with centre C_{2}(3,3)

(x-3)^{2}+(y-3)^{2}=4

Two circles are orthogonal ,

Hence ,

Area = 2(\frac{1}{2}\cdot 2\cdot 2)=4 \: sq. units

A circle cuts a chord of length 4a on the x-axis and passes through a point on the y-axis, distant 2b from the origin. Then the locus of the center of this
circle, is:

(32843)
A an ellipse
B a parabola
C a straight line
D a hyperbola

Locus -

Path followed by a point p(x,y) under given condition (s).

- wherein

It is satisfied by all the points (x,y) on the locus.

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Equation of Circle

passes through (0 , 2b )

.......................(1)

=>2\sqrt{g^{2}-c}=4a..........................(2)

=>{g^{2}-c}=4a^{2}

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=>{c}=g^{2}-4a^{2}

Putting in (1)

=>4b^{2}+4fb+g^{2}-4a^{2}=0

=>x^{2}+4yb+4(b^{2}-a^{2})=0

which is equation of parabola.

A square is inscribed in the circle with its sides parallel to the coordinate axes. Then the distance of the vertex of this square which is nearest to the
origin is :

(32925)
A
B 13
C \sqrt{137}
D 6

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Radius of circle,

R=\sqrt{9+16+103}

=\sqrt{128}=8\sqrt{2}

circle equation can be written as -

(x-3)^{2}+(y+4)^{2}=(8\sqrt{2})^{2}

OC=\sqrt{11^{2}+42}=\sqrt{137}

OO=\sqrt{25+16}=\sqrt{41}

Nearest vertex from origin is

If a circle C passing through the point (4,0) touches the circle x^{2}+y^{2}+4x-6y=12 externally at the point (1,-1), then the radius of C is:

(33117)
A
B 4
C 5
D \sqrt57

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

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radius =

Common tangents of two circles -

When two circles touch each other externally, there are three common tangents, two of them are direct.

\\|C_{1}C_{2}|=|r_{1}+r_{2}|\\Let,\\S_1=\left(x-x_1\right)^2+\left(y-y_1\right)^2-r_1^2=0\\S_2=\left(x-x_2\right)^2+\left(y-y_2\right)^2-
r_2^2=0\\equatio\:of\:comon\:tangent\\S_1-S_2=0

- wherein

From the concept we have learnt

Equation of tangent at point (1,-1) to the circle x2+y2+4x-6y-12 = 0

x-y +2(x+1) -3(y-1) -12 = 0

3x-4y-7 = 0

Equation of circle

\because S + \lambda L = 0

( x2+y2+4x-6y-12 ) + (12-7) = 0

= -4

( x2+y2+4x-6y-12 )-4(3x-4y-7) = 0

x2+y2-8x+10y+16 = 0

Radius of circle =

If the area of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle, is [Link] then c is equal to:

(33304)
A -25
B 13
C 25
D 20

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

Equilateral triangle -

Centriod, circumcentre, orthocentre and incentre coincide.

From the concept

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Radius=

Which of these is NOT a real circle ?

(18620)
A x^2 + y^2 +6x + 6y + 6 = 0
B x^2 + y^2 -6x + 10 y +36 = 0
C x^2 + y^2 + 100 x + 100 y + 10000 = 0
D (b) and (c)

As we have learned

Real Circle -

g^{2}+f^{2}-c> 0

- wherein

The equation of circle is .

Since g^{2}+f^{2}-c = 50 ^2 + 50 ^2 - 10000 \\ = 5000 - 10000 < 0

Which one is the imaginary circle out of the given cases ?

(18621)
A g^2 = f^2 = c
B g^2 = f^2 = 3 c
C g^2 = 2 f^2 = c
D

As we have learned

Imaginary circle -

g^{2}+f^{2}-c< 0

- wherein
The equation of circle is

Here c = 4g^2 , f^2 = 2 g^2

Thus g^{2}+f^{2}-c = g^2 +2 g^2 - 4 g^2 = - g^2

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Which of the following cases represents a point circle ?

(18627)
A x^2 + y^2 + 10 x + 10 y +100 = 0
B g^2 = f^2 = c
C g^2 = f^2 = 2c
D g^2 = f^2 = c/2

As we have learned

Point circle -

g^{2}+f^{2}-c= 0

- wherein

The equation of circle is

A circle touches the y-axis at the point (0,4) and passes through the point (2,0). Which of the following lines is not tangent to this circle ?

(98043)
4x-3y+17=0
A
B 3x+4y-6=0
4x+3y-8=0
C

D 3x-4y-24=0

Circle(Definition) -

Circle

Equation of circle

Central Form:

The equation of a circle with centre at C (h,k) and radius r is (x-h)2+(y-k)2=r2.

Let P(x, y) be any point on the circle. Then, by definition, | CP | = r.

Using the distance formula, we have

\\ \mathrm{{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\sqrt{(x-h)^{2}+(y-k)^{2}}=r}} \\\\ \mathrm{i.e.\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;{(x-h)^{2}+(y-k)^{2}=r^{2}}}

If the centre of the circle is the origin or (0,0) then equation of the circle becomes
\\(x-0)^{2}+(y-0)^{2}=r^{2}\\\text{i.e. }x^2+y^2=r^2

General Form:

The equation of a circle with centre at (h,k) and radius r is

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\\ {\Rightarrow(x-h)^{2}+(y-k)^{2}=r^{2}} \\ {\Rightarrow x^{2}+y^{2}-2 h x-2 k y+h^{2}+k^{2}-r^{2}=0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(i)} \\ {\text {
Which is of the form : }} \\ {\mathbf{x}^{2}+\mathbf{y}^{2}+2 \mathbf{g} \mathbf{x}+2 \mathbf{f}
\mathbf{y}+\mathbf{c}=\mathbf{0}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\ldots(ii)}

Family of Circles -

2. Equation of the family of circles passing through the point of intersection of a given circle S = 0 and a line L = 0is S + λL where, λ is a
parameter.

Equation of family of circle touches at (0,4)

This family of circle passes through (2,0)

4+16+2 \lambda=0 \Rightarrow \lambda=-10

x^{2}+y^{2}-10 x-8 y+16=0

Center (5, 4) and radius = 5

Now check the option

4x+3y-8=0

\left|\frac{4 \times 5+3 \times 4-8}{5}\right|=\frac{24}{5} \neq 5

The number of integral values of k for which the line, intersects the circle,

at two distinct point is_______.

(116442)
A 4
B 9
C 14
D 21

Center = (1,2) ; Radius = 1

Line 3x + 4y – k = 0 intersects the circle at two distinct points.

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distance of centre from the line < radius

Let S_1:x^2 +y^2=9 and S_2 : (x-2)^2 +y^2=1. Then the locus of centre of a variable circle S which touches internally externally always passes
through the points:

(120882)
A
B
C
D

therefore given circle are touching internally Let a veriable circle with P and radius
r

⇒ Locus of P is an ellipse with foci at A(0,0) and B(2,0) and length of major axis is 2a = 4

e = 1/2

For the four circles M,N,O and P, following four equations are given :

Circle M :

Circle N :

Circle O :

Circle P :

If the centre of circle M is joined with centre of the circle N, further centre of circle N is joined with centre of the circle O, centre of circle O is joined
with the centre of circle P and lastly, centre of circle P is joined with centre of circle M, then these lines from the sides of a :

(120726)
A Square

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B Rhombus
Rectangle
C

D Parallelogram

34/110) Concept title Parametric Form of circle and Concentric Circle. (90826)

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Parametric Form of the circle and Concentric Circle.

Parametric Form:

If the radius of a circle whose centre is the origin, makes an angle ? with the positive direction of the x-axis, then ? is called a parameter and 0
≤ ? < 2π.

P(x,y) is a point on the circle x2+y2=r2 with centre O (0,0). And OP makes an angle with the positive direction of X-axis, then x=rcosθ, y=rsinθ
called the parametric equation of the circle.

OP makes an angle with the X-axis, r is the radius of the circle

In MOP

cosθ=x/r, sinθ =y/r

x=rcos θ, y =rsin θ

r2cos2θ+r2sin2θ=r2

(r,r) lies on the circle.

Text
Note:

By shifting the origin to the centre (h, k) of the circle (x-h)2+(y-k)2=r2

x = h+r

y= k+r

are the parametric equations of the circle (x-h)2+(y-k)2=r2

Concentric Circle:

If two circle having common centre C(h, k) but different radii r1and r2.

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 4.10, Line No: 8, Para:

Topic "Equation of circle in Parametric Form"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 242, Line No: 24, Para:

if the radius of a circle whose centre is at C(0,0) makes an angle with the positive direction of X-axis, then is called the parameter.
Question What are the paramagnetic coordinates of x^2 + y^2 = 36 ?

(18619)
A x = 3 \cos \theta , y = 3 \sin \theta
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B x = 6 \cos \theta , y = 6 \sin \theta
C x = 36 \cos \theta , y = 36 \sin \theta
D none of these

As we have learned

Parametric form -

x= r\cos \Theta

y= r\sin \Theta

- wherein

Circle with centre \left ( O,O \right ) and radius .

Since , in x^2 + y^2 = r^2

r=6

Thus x = 6\cos \theta , y = 6 \sin \theta

which of the following is true for Circles C_1:x^2+y^2-2x+4y=8\\ and C_2 : ax^2+ay^2-2ax+4ay=8\\ where a>0?

(93126)
A C_1 and C_2 are concentric circle for all values of a
B C_1 is interior of C_2 if 0<a<1
C C_2 is interior of C_1 if a>1
D All of the above

Parametric Form of circle and Concentric Circle. -

Parametric Form of the circle and Concentric Circle.

Concentric Circle:

If two circle having common centre C(h, k) but different radii r1and r2.

\begin{array}{l}{S_{1}=(x-h)^{2}+(y-k)^{2}=r_{1}^{2}} \\ {S_{2}=(x-h)^{2}+(y-k)^{2}=r_{2}^{2}} \\ {r_{1} \neq r_{2}} \\

{\mathrm{S}_{1} \text { and } \mathrm{S}_{2} \text { are concentric circle }}\end{array}

C_1:x^2+y^2-2x+4y=8\\ C_2 : x^2+y^2-2x+4y=16\\ C_1 \ and\ C_2 both\ have\ same\ centre\ (1,-2) \text{and radius of }C_2 \text{ is larger then
radius of } C_1
So option D is correct

Let A(1,4) and B(1, -5) be two points. Let P be a point on the circle such that have maximum value,
then the points, P,A and B lie on:

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(117230)
A a parabola
B a straight line
C a hyperbola
D an ellipse

P, A and B lies in a straight line.

35/110) Concept title Locus of Mid Point of the Chord of the Circle (90827)
Locus of Mid Point of the Chord of the Circle

A circle with radius r, centered at the point (h, k) and AB is its chord. Let M (x1 , y1) be the midpoint of the chord AB.

Text
From the figure,

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Book Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 245, Line No: 34, Para:

Let midpoint M (x1,y1) and centre. radius of circle are (h,k), r respectively
Question Circle x^2+y^2=1 intersect x-axis at point B and y-axis at point A then find the midpoint of AB

(93115)
A (\frac{1}{2},\frac{-1}{2})
B (\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})
C A and B both
D None of these

Locus of Mid Point of the Chord of the Circle -

Locus of Mid Point of the Chord of the Circle

A circle with radius r, centered at the point (h, k) and AB is its chord. Let M (x1 , y1) be the midpoint of the chord AB.

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From the figure,

\\\mathrm{\cos\theta=\frac{CM}{\mathit{r}}=\frac{\sqrt{(x_1-h)^2+(y_1-k)^2}}{\mathit{r}}}\\\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow 1-\sin^2\theta=\frac{{(x_1-
h)^2+(y_1-k)^2}}{\mathit{r^2}}}\\\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow \;\;\;-\sin^2\theta=\frac{{(x_1-h)^2+(y_1-k)^2}-r^2}{\mathit{r^2}}}\\\\\therefore
\mathrm{Required\;equation\;of\;locus\;is}\\\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\frac{{(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2}-r^2}{\mathit{r^2}}=-\sin^2\theta}

x^2+y^2=1\\ \text{so point } A(0,1) \ and B(1,0)\\ \text{mid point of AB}\\ M\equiv (\frac{0+1}{2},\frac{1+0}{2})\\ M(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})

Similiarlly it intersevt at 2nd, 3rd and 4th quardant

Circle x^2+y^2-2x-2y+1=0 has a chord AB=\sqrt{2} then find the Locus of the midpoint of chord AB

(93116)
A (x-1)^2+(y-1)^2=\frac{1}{2}
B (x-1)^2+(y+1)^2=\frac{1}{2}
C (x+1)^2+(y+1)^2=\frac{1}{2}
D None of these

Locus of Mid Point of the Chord of the Circle -

Locus of Mid Point of the Chord of the Circle

A circle with radius r, centered at the point (h, k) and AB is its chord. Let M (x1 , y1) be the midpoint of the chord AB.

From the figure,

\\\mathrm{\cos\theta=\frac{CM}{\mathit{r}}=\frac{\sqrt{(x_1-h)^2+(y_1-k)^2}}{\mathit{r}}}\\\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow 1-\sin^2\theta=\frac{{(x_1-
h)^2+(y_1-k)^2}}{\mathit{r^2}}}\\\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow \;\;\;-\sin^2\theta=\frac{{(x_1-h)^2+(y_1-k)^2}-r^2}{\mathit{r^2}}}\\\\\therefore
\mathrm{Required\;equation\;of\;locus\;is}\\\\\mathrm{\Rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\frac{{(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2}-r^2}{\mathit{r^2}}=-\sin^2\theta}

x^2+y^2-2x-2y+1=0\\ (x-1)^2+(y-1)^2=1\\ \text{circle with centre (1,1) and radius r=1}\\

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\text{From image you can see that mid point of AB also make a circle with centre (1,1)}\\ \text{length of AB }=\sqrt{2}\\ \text{take point
}A(1,0),B(0,1)\\ M \equiv (\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{2})\\ \text{Radius of small circle }=\sqrt{(\frac{1}{2})^2+(\frac{1}{2})^2}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\\
\text{Locus of midpoint} \Rightarrow (x-1)^2+(y-1)^2=(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})^2=\frac{1}{2}
36/110) Concept title Diametric Form of a Circle (90828)
Diametric Form of a Circle:

The equation of circle, when endpoint A (x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) of a diameter is given:

Text

P(x,y) is any point on the circle

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 4.9, Line No: 5, Para:

Topic "Equation of circle given endpoint of Diameter"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 248, Line No: 1, Para:

the equation of the circle on the line segment joining as diameter is

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If y + 3x = 0 is the equation of a chord of the circle, x2 + y2 - 30x = 0, then the equation of the circle with this chord as diameter is :

(2574)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Equation of a circle in diametric form -

\left ( x-x_{1} \right )\left ( x-x_{2} \right )+\left ( y-y_{1} \right )\left ( y-y_{2} \right )= 0

- wherein

Where A\left ( x_{1},y_{1} \right )\, and \:B \left ( x_{2},y_{2} \right ) are the two diametric ends.

given that y+3x=0;

y=-3x

x^{2}+y^{2}-30x=0

10x^{2}-30x=0 \Rightarrow x=0,3

Hence y=0, -9

In diametric form

\left ( x-3 \right )\left ( x-0 \right )+\left ( y+9 \right )\left ( y-0 \right )=0

x^{2}+y^{2}-3x+9y=0

The intercept on the line y=x by the circle x^{2}+y^{2}-2x=0\; is\; AB. Equation of the circle on as a diameter is

(5971)
A x^{2}+y^{2}+x+y=0
Question
B x^{2}+y^{2}-x+y=0
C x^{2}+y^{2}-x-y=0
D x^{2}+y^{2}+x-y=0

As we learnt in

Equation of a circle in diametric form -

\left ( x-x_{1} \right )\left ( x-x_{2} \right )+\left ( y-y_{1} \right )\left ( y-y_{2} \right )= 0

- wherein

Where A\left ( x_{1},y_{1} \right )\, and \:B \left ( x_{2},y_{2} \right ) are the two diametric ends.

Equation of circle is

x^{2}+y^{2}-2x=0

Since line AB is y = x, we find point of intersection

x^{2}+x^{2}-2x=0

=> x=0\: or\: x=1

Thus y = 0 or y = 1

equation in diametric form

(x-0) (x-1)+(y-0)(y-1)=0

x^{2}+y^{2}-x-y=0
37/110) Concept title Intercepts Made by Circle on the Axis (90829)

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Intercepts Made by Circle on the Axis
The equation of Circle is :

Length of x-intercept :

Length of y-intercept :

Text

Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Book Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 253, Line No: 1, Para:

Intercepts Made on the Axes by a Circle

Question Find the intercept point of the circle on both axis?

(93119)
A
B (0,1- \sqrt{3})
C (1+ \sqrt{3},0)
D All of Above

Intercepts Made by Circle on the Axis -

Intercepts Made by Circle on the Axis

The equation of Circle is :

\mathrm{x^2+y^2+2gx+2fy+c=0}

Length of x-intercept : \mathrm{2\sqrt{g^2-c}}

Length of y-intercept : \mathrm{2\sqrt{f^2-c}}

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\begin{array}{l}{\text { from the figure }} \\ {\text { length of intercepts on } X-\text { axis and } Y-\text { axis are }|A B| \text { and }|C D|} \\ {|A
B|=\left|x_{2}-x_{1}\right|,|C D|=\left|y_{2}-y_{1}\right|} \\ {y=0, \text { circle intersects the } X-\text { axis }} \\ {\Rightarrow x^{2}+2 g x+c=0} \\
{\text { since, circle intersects } X-\text { axis at two points } A\left(x_{1}, 0\right) \text { and } B\left(x_{2}, 0\right)} \\ {\text { then, }
x_{1}+x_{2}=-2 g x, x_{1} x_{2}=c} \\ {|A B|=\left|x_{2}-x_{1}\right|=\sqrt{\left(x_{2}+x_{1}\right)^{2}-4 x_{1} x_{2}}} \\ {\text { similarly, }}
\\ {|C D|=2 \sqrt{f^{2}-c}}\end{array}

(x-1)^2+(y-1)^2=4\\ \text{for intersection point on x-axis put y=0}\\ (x-1)^2=3\Rightarrow x=1\pm \sqrt{3}\\ \text{similiarlly } y=1\pm \sqrt{3}\\
\text{intersection points are }\\ (0,1+ \sqrt{3}),(0,1- \sqrt{3}),(1+ \sqrt{3},0),(1- \sqrt{3}),0)

Find the number of points where Circle x^2+y^2+4x-4y+7=0 intercept on the x-axis ?

(93120)
A 0
B 1
C 2
D None of these

Intercepts Made by Circle on the Axis -

Intercepts Made by Circle on the Axis

The equation of Circle is :

\mathrm{x^2+y^2+2gx+2fy+c=0}

Length of x-intercept : \mathrm{2\sqrt{g^2-c}}

Length of y-intercept : \mathrm{2\sqrt{f^2-c}}

\begin{array}{l}{\text { from the figure }} \\ {\text { length of intercepts on } X-\text { axis and } Y-\text { axis are }|A B| \text { and }|C D|} \\ {|A
B|=\left|x_{2}-x_{1}\right|,|C D|=\left|y_{2}-y_{1}\right|} \\ {y=0, \text { circle intersects the } X-\text { axis }} \\ {\Rightarrow x^{2}+2 g x+c=0} \\
{\text { since, circle intersects } X-\text { axis at two points } A\left(x_{1}, 0\right) \text { and } B\left(x_{2}, 0\right)} \\ {\text { then, }
x_{1}+x_{2}=-2 g x, x_{1} x_{2}=c} \\ {|A B|=\left|x_{2}-x_{1}\right|=\sqrt{\left(x_{2}+x_{1}\right)^{2}-4 x_{1} x_{2}}} \\ {\text { similarly, }}
\\ {|C D|=2 \sqrt{f^{2}-c}}\end{array}

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x^2+y^2+4x-4y+7=0\\ (x+2)^2+(y-2)^2=1\\ \text{centre of circle (-2,2) and radius r=1}\\ \text{It won't intercept any axis so number of points
intercept x-axis is zero}

The length of the intercept cut off from the line L: y=x on Circle (x-1)^2+(y-1)^2=1 is ?

(93121)
A 0
B 1
C 1.5
D 2

Intercepts Made by Circle on the Axis -

Intercepts Made by Circle on the Axis

The equation of Circle is :

\mathrm{x^2+y^2+2gx+2fy+c=0}

Length of x-intercept : \mathrm{2\sqrt{g^2-c}}

Length of y-intercept : \mathrm{2\sqrt{f^2-c}}

\begin{array}{l}{\text { from the figure }} \\ {\text { length of intercepts on } X-\text { axis and } Y-\text { axis are }|A B| \text { and }|C D|} \\ {|A
B|=\left|x_{2}-x_{1}\right|,|C D|=\left|y_{2}-y_{1}\right|} \\ {y=0, \text { circle intersects the } X-\text { axis }} \\ {\Rightarrow x^{2}+2 g x+c=0} \\
{\text { since, circle intersects } X-\text { axis at two points } A\left(x_{1}, 0\right) \text { and } B\left(x_{2}, 0\right)} \\ {\text { then, }
x_{1}+x_{2}=-2 g x, x_{1} x_{2}=c} \\ {|A B|=\left|x_{2}-x_{1}\right|=\sqrt{\left(x_{2}+x_{1}\right)^{2}-4 x_{1} x_{2}}} \\ {\text { similarly, }}
\\ {|C D|=2 \sqrt{f^{2}-c}}\end{array}

If one of the diameter of the circle is a chord of another circle 'C' whose center is at (2,1), then its radius is
___________

(117171)
A 3
B 4
C 5
D 6

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38/110) Concept title Different Form of the Equation of the Circle (90830)

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Different Form of the Equation of the Circle

When the circle touches X-axis

(a,b) be the centre of the circle, then radius = |b|

When the circle touches Y-axis

(a,b) be the centre of the circle, then radius = |a|

Text

When the circle touches both the axes:

(a,a) be the centre of the circle, then radius = |a|

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Description

Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 4.4, Line No: 37, Para:

Topic "Equation of circle touching one or both the coordinate axes"

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 254, Line No: 7, Para:

Book let be the centre of the circle, then radius =

Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 254, Line No: 2, Para:

let be the centre of the circle, then radius =

Question The length of the diameter of the circle which touches the x-axis at the point (1, 0) and passes through the point (2, 3) is

(3987)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Circle touching x-axis and having radius r -

- wherein

Where f is a variable parameter.

Let\; the\; equation\; of \; the \; circle\; is \; (x-1)^{2}+(y-k)^{2}=k^{2}

It\; passes \; through\; (2,3)

\therefore \; \; \; 1+9+k^{2}-6k=k^{2}

\Rightarrow \; \; k=\frac{5}{3}\Rightarrow diameter\; =\frac{10}{3}

The centres of those circles which touch the circle, x2+y2−8x−8y−4=0, externally and also touch the x-axis, lie on :

(2340)
a circle.
A

an ellipse which is not a circle.

B

a hyperbola.
C

D a parabola.

As we learnt in

Common tangents of two circles -

When two circles touch each other externally, there are three common tangents, two of them are direct.

- wherein

Circle touching x-axis and having radius r -

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- wherein

Where f is a variable parameter.

Standard equation of parabola -

- wherein

Circle:

externally

radius of circle touching x-axis=k,

we get

On squaring both sides

compared to

Represent a parabola

The circle passing through (1,-2) and touching the axis of x at (3,0) also passes through the point :

(3960)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Circle touching x-axis and having radius r -

- wherein

Where f is a variable parameter.

Equation of circle is \left ( x-3 \right )^{2}+\left ( y-k \right )^{2}=k^{2}

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Circle passes through (1,-2)

2^{2}+k^{2}+4+4k=k^{2}

k= -2

\left ( x-3 \right )^{2}+\left ( y+2 \right )^{2}=4

It passes through (5,-2)

A variable circle passes through the fixed point and touches axis. The locus of the other end of the diameter through is

(5969)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Equation of a circle -

- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

Circle touching x-axis and having radius r -

- wherein

Where f is a variable parameter.

Let the other diametric end be P(h,k)

So centre is

Radius =

For circle touching x-axis, radius =

we get (h-p)2=4kg

i.e. (x-p)2=4qy. a parabola

A circles touches the axis and also touches the circle with centre at (0, 3) and radius 2. The locus of the centre of the circle is

(5980)
A a circle
B an ellipse
C a parabola
D a hyperbola.

As we learnt in

Circle touching x-axis and having radius r -

- wherein

Where f is a variable parameter.

General form of a circle -

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- wherein

centre =

radius =

Let centre of circle be P(h,k)

distance AB =

Squaring both sides

Which represents a parabola.

Let C be the circle with centre at (1, 1) and radius = 1. If T is the circle centred at (0, y), passing through origin and touching the circle C externally,
then the radius of T is equal to :

(3502)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Circle touching y-axis and having radius r -

- wherein

Where g is a variable parameter.

According to Pythagorus theorem,

(1+y)^{2}\:=\:(1-y)^{2}\:+1

y\:=\:\frac{1}{4}

If a circle passing through the point (-1, 0) touches y-axis at (0, 2), then the length of the chord of the circle along the x-axis is :

(3240)
A
B
C 3
D 5

As learnt in concept

Circle touching y-axis and having radius r -

- wherein
Where g is a variable parameter.

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Equation of a circle -

- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

If the centre is (h, 2) then

radius = |h|

equartion of circle is

and it passes through point (-1, 0)

putting values , we get

So centre is

AB is chord along x-axis

AB = 2(AM) =

What is the equation of circle touching both the areas with radius 3 units ?

(18618)
A x^2 + y^2 - 6x -6y +36 = 0
B x^2 + y^2 +3x +3y +9 = 0
C x^2 +y62 + 3x +3y +36
D x^2 +y^2 + 6x +6y +9 = 0

As we have learned

Circle touching both axes and radius r -

x^{2}+y^{2}\pm 2rx\pm 2ry+r^{2}= 0

x^{2}+y^{2}\pm 6x\pm 6y+9= 0

according to the equation

x^{2}+y^{2}\pm 2rx\pm 2ry+r^{2}= 0

Let a point P be such that its distance from the point is thrice the distance of P from the point . If the locus of the point P is a circle of
radius r, then is equal to ________.

(117003)
A 56.25
B 15.25
C 15
D 25.25

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39/110) Concept title Position of a Point With Respect to Circle (90831)

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Position of a Point With Respect to Circle

S1 be a circle and P be any point in the [Link]

Point P (x1, y1) lies outside, on or inside the circle, S accordingly as CP is greater than, equal to or less than the radius, respectively.

Greatest and Least Distance of a Point from a Circle

S1 be a circle P be any point in the plane. Then,

Text (a) If P lies inside of the circle

The minimum distance of P from the circle = PA = AC - PC ⇒ r - PC

The maximum distance of P from the circle = PB = BC + PC ⇒ r + PC

(b) If P lies outside of the circle

The minimum distance of P from the circle = PA = CP - ACCP-r

The maximum distance of P from the circle = PB = BC + PCr+PC

Description

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Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 4.12, Line No: 18, Para:

Topic "Position of a Point With Respect to Circle"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 258, Line No: 1, Para:

a point lies outside of the circle,

Question Which of the points is outside the circle x^2+y^2-6x+10y-10=0

(18624)
A (2,2)
B (5,5)
C (3,3)
D All of the above

As we learnt

Position of a point w.r.t a circle -

If x_{1}^{2}+y_{1}^{2}+2gx_{1}+2fy_{1}+c> 0 . then the point is outside the circle.

- wherein

Point is P\left ( x_{1},y_{1} \right )

Here,

for (2,2)

S_1=4+4-12+20-10=6>0

for (5,5)

S_1=25+25-30+50-10=60>0

for (3,3)

S_1=9+9-18+30-10=20>0

Which of the following points lie inside the circle x^2 +y^2 + 10 x -6y -1 = 0 ?

(18628)
A (2,2)
B (5,5)
C (-5,-5)
D (0,0)

As we have learned

Position of a point w.r.t a circle -

If x_{1}^{2}+y_{1}^{2}+2gx_{1}+2fy_{1}+c< 0 . then the point is inside the circle.

- wherein

Point is P\left ( x_{1},y_{1} \right )

If we put (0,0)

we get 0+0+0-0 - 1 < 0

Which of the following circles has (5,5) on it ?

(18631)
A x^2 + y^2 +25 x +25y -625 = 0
B x^2 + y^2 -5x -5y = 0
C x^2+y^2 +5x +5y -50 = 0
D none

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As we have learned

Position of a point w.r.t a circle -

If x_{1}^{2}+y_{1}^{2}+2gx_{1}+2fy_{1}+c= 0 . then the point is on the circle.

- wherein
Point is P\left ( x_{1},y_{1} \right )

If we substitute (5,5)

we get

5^2 + 5^2 -5\times 5-5\times 5=50-50=0

If a point P has co-ordinates (0, -2) and Q is any point on the circle, x2 + y2 - 5x - y + 5 = 0,

then the maximum value of (PQ)2 is :

(1769)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Greatest distance of a point A from a circle -

AC+r

- wherein

A is the point and circle has centre C and radius r.

Q is point on the circle x^{2}+y^{2}-5x-y+5=0

r=\sqrt{\left ( \frac{5}{2} \right )^{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2} \right )^{2}-5}

=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}

PQ=Maximum distance =PC + r

=\frac{5}{2}\sqrt{2}+\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}

PQ^{2}=\frac{(5\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6})^{2}}{4}=\frac{50+6+20\sqrt{3}}{4}

PQ^{2}=14+5\sqrt{3}

What is the least distance of (4,3) from x^2 + y^2 = 9 ?

(18636)
A 4
B 3
C 2
D 1

As we have learned

Least Distance -

AC-r

- wherein

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A is the point and circle has centre C and radius r.

Least distance = AC - r

= \sqrt {4^2 + 3^2 } - 3 \\= 5 -3 = 2

Choose the incorrect statement about the two circles whose equations are given below :

and .

(120402)
A Distance between two centres is the average of radii of both the circles.
B Circles have two intersection points
C Both circles pass through the centre of each other
D Both circles centres lie inside region of one another

40/110) Concept title Line and Circle (90832)

Text Line and Circle

S is a circle with center O and radius r, and L is a straight line in the plane of the circle.

Case (1)

OM < r, the line L intersects the circle S in two distinct points

Equation (iii) will have two real and distinct roots

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Case (2)

OM = r, the line L touches the circle

Equation (iii) will have two equal roots

This is also the condition of tangency to the circle.

Case (3)

OM > r, the line L and the circle S have no common points

Equation (iii) will have imaginary roots

Description

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Video

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 4.14, Line No: 22, Para:

Topic"Intersection of Line and Circle"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 262, Line No: 1, Para:

Intersection of line and Circle

Question Given : A circle, 2x^{2}+2y^{2}=5 and a parabola,

Statement - I : An equation of a common tangent to these curves is y=x+ \sqrt{5}.

Statement - II : If the line , is their common tangent, then m satisfies m^{4}-3m^{2}+2=0.

(3945)
Statement - I is false ; Statement - II is true.
A

Statement - I is ture ; Statement - II is true ; Statement - II is a correct explanation for statement - I.

Statement - I is ture ; Statement - II is true ; Statement - II is not a correct explanation for statement - I.

Statement - I is ture ; Statement - II is false.

D

As we learnt in

Condition of tangency -

- wherein

If is a tangent to the circle

and

Equation of tangent -

- wherein

Tengent to is slope form.

x^{2}+y^{2}=\frac{5}{2}\:and\:y^{2}=4\sqrt{5x}

Tangent to circle is y=mx+\frac{5}{2}\sqrt{1+m^{2}}

Tangent to parabola is y=mx+\frac{\sqrt{5}}{m}

So, \frac{5}{2}\sqrt{1+m^{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{m}

On solving m=1

Thus tangent is y=x+\sqrt{5}

If the common tangents to the parabola, x2=4y and the circle, x2+y2=4 intersect at the point P, then the distance of P from the origin, is :

(1776)
A
B
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C
D

As we learnt in

Standard equation of parabola -

- wherein

Condition of tangency -

- wherein

If is a tangent to the circle

Tangent to is

Also

If we put D=0

Hence Equation of Tangent is

As both the tangents intersect at y-axis

Distance from the origin is given by y coordinates or x=0

The circle x^{2}+y^{2}=4x+8y+5 intersects the line 3x-4y=m at two distinct points if

(5866)
A -85< m< -35
B
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C 15< m< 65
D 35< m< 85

As we learnt in

Condition of tangency -

- wherein

If is a tangent to the circle

\\ x^{2}+y^{2}-4x-8y-5=0 \: \\ \\ and \: 3x-4y=m \\ \\ x=\frac{m+4y}{3}

\frac{\left ( m+4y \right )^{2}}{9}+y^{2}-\frac{(4m+16y)}{3}-8y-5\Rightarrow 0

\frac{25}{9}y^{2}+y\left ( \frac{8m}{9}-\frac{40}{3} \right )+\left ( \frac{m^{2}}{9}-5 \right )\Rightarrow 0

{25}y^{2}+8y\left ( m-120 \right )+\left ( m^{2}-45 \right )\Rightarrow 0

\\ D> 0 \\ \\ 8^{2}\left ( m-120 \right )^{2}-4\times 25\left ( m^{2}-45 \right )\Rightarrow 0

16m^{2}-32\times 120m+16\times 120^{2}-25m^{2}+25\times 45> 0

-9m^{2}-32\times 120m+16\times 120^{2}+25 \times45> 0

On solving, we get

\\ \left ( m+35 \right ) (m-15)< 0 \\ \\ m\epsilon \: (-35, 15)

Two common tangents to the circle and parabola

(5945)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Equation of tangent -

- wherein

Tengent to is slope form.

and

Condition of tangency -

- wherein

If is a tangent to the circle

Tangent to circle x2+y2=2a2

and Tangent to parabola y2=8ax

If the chord of the circle subtends an angle of measure 45° at the major segment of the circle then the value of m is

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(5946)
A
B
C
D none of these

As we learnt in

Condition of tangency -

- wherein

If is a tangent to the circle

Equation of circle x2+y2=1

Now, y=mx+1

subtends 450 at major segment of the circle then , it will subtends angle 900 at origin.

making x^2+y^2=1 homogeneous in the second degree with the help of y=mx+1

for ax2+by2+2hxy+2gx+2fy+c=0 to subtend 900 at origin it should satisfy a+b=0

On solving

If the line , touches both the curves

and , then is equal to :

(58097)
A 4
B 43832
C 43834
D 2

Equation of tangent -

- wherein

Tengent to is slope form.

Condition of tangency -

- wherein

If is a tangent to the circle

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line

curve eqns &

A tangent to the parabola

can be taken as ( )

....................(1) ()

It will also touch the given circle

if

=> (eqn of line touching the circle)

So, option (4) is correct.

Let PQ be a diameter of the circle . If and are the lengths of the perpendiculars from P and Q on the straight line , x+y =2
respectively, then the maximum value of is___________

(111890)
A 7
B 11
C 9
D 4

If the common tangent to the parabolas, and also touches the circle, then is equal to :

(112030)
A
B
C
D

41/110) Concept title Length of Intercept Cut-Off from a line (90833)

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Length of Intercept Cut-Off from a line

The length of the intercept cut off from the line L : y = mx + c by the circle x2 +y2 = a2 is

Text

Description
Video
Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Book Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 263, Line No: 49, Para:

The length of intercept cutt-off from a line by a circle

Question The sum of the squares of the lengths of the chords intercepted on the circle, , by the lines where is the set of all natural numbers, is :

(57951)
A
B
C
D

Length of Intercept form a line by a Circle -

The length of intercept cut-off from the line to the circle is

Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

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Summation of series of natural numbers -

- wherein

Sum of squares of first n natural numbers

then length of perpendicular from centre to line

length of intercepts =

Possible value of n are =

Sum of squares of length =

If the length of the chord of the circle along the line is r then is equal to

(111634)
A
B 12
C
D

Length of the chord by the line y = mx + c on the circle is

Given equation of line, y = 2x +3

and circle

according to question

42/110) Concept title Equation of the Tangent (90834)

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Equation of the Tangent

Point Form

The equation of the tangent to a circle at the point P(x1,y1) is

Text

NOTE:

In order to find out the equation of a tangent to any 2nd-degree curve, the following points must be kept in your mind:

and c will remain c.

This method is applicable only for a 2nd degree conic.

Description
Video
Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 4.19, Line No: 10, Para:

Topic " Equation of tangent to circle at a given point on the circle"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 267, Line No: 1, Para:

the equation of tangent at the point P to a circle

Question Find the equation to the tangent of circle at the point (5,1)

(18639)
A x+5y = 26
B 5x +y = 26
C
D

As we have learned
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Equation of tangent -

- wherein

Tangent to circle at

At the point (x,y)

equation is

Thus ,we get

The tangent and the normal lines at the point to the circle and the x-axis from a triangle. The area of this triangle (in square
units) is :

(57981)
A
B

Equation of tangent -

- wherein

Tangent to circle at

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Equation of tangent at

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x-intercepts =

Area of le.

If the tangent to the conic at (2, 10) touches the circle, (for some fixed k) at a point;then is:

(2896)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt in

Equation of tangent -

xx_{1}+yy_{1}+g(x+x_{1})+f(y+y_{1})+c=0

- wherein

Tangent to circle

at

tongent at (2, 10)

Tangent to at

Comparing these two equations, since they represent same tangent.

clearly satisfies this relation.

The tangent to the circle at the point (2, 1) cuts off a chord of length 4 from a circle whose centre is (3, −2). The radius of is :

(14035)
A 2
B
C 3
D

As we learned,

General form of a circle -

- wherein

centre =

radius =

and

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Equation of tangent -

xx_{1}+yy_{1}+g(x+x_{1})+f(y+y_{1})+c=0

- wherein

Tangent to circle

at

Equation of tangent on at (2,1) is

2x+y-(x+2)-1=0

x+y=3

It cuts off circle ;

distance from centre (3,-2)

Length of chord = 4

The straight line meets the coordinate axes at A and B. A circle is drawn through A,B and the origin.

Then the sum of perpendicular distances from A and B on the tangent to the circle at origing is:

(32947)

Perpendicular distance of a point from a line -

- wherein

is the distance from the line .

Equation of tangent -

xx_{1}+yy_{1}+g(x+x_{1})+f(y+y_{1})+c=0

- wherein

Tangent to circle

at

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Equation of circle is

Equation of tangent at circle at is

distance of from (1) is

distance of from (1) is

required =

Let L be common tangent line to the curves . Then the square of the slope of the line L is _________.

(117243)
A 3
B 4
C 5
D 6

Let slope of common tangent be m

43/110) Concept title Equation of Tangent of Circle in Parametric Form (90835)

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Equation of Tangent of Circle in Parametric Form

The equation of the tangent at the point to a circle is .

Slope Form

The equation of the tangent to a circle having slope m is , and point of tangency is

Text

Point of Contact:

NOTE:

Equation of tangent in point form is

Description
Video
Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 4.20, Line No: 24, Para:

Topic" Equation of tangent to circle having given slope"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 267, Line No: 14, Para:

2. Parametric Form
What is the equation of the tangent to circle at a point with parameter ?
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q g p p
Question

(18596)
A
B
C
D

As we learnt

Equation of tangent in parametric form -

- wherein

Tangent a point to

Here,

Thus equation is

If a tangent to the circle intersects the coordinate axes at distinct points and then the locus of the mid-point of is :

(58020)
A
B
C
D

Equation of Tangent of Circle in Parametric Form -

Equation of Tangent of Circle in Parametric Form

The equation of the tangent at the point to a circle is .

Equation of tangent in parametric form -

- wherein

Tangent a point to

Intercept form of a straight line -

- wherein

and are the -intercept and -intercept respectively.

Parametric form -

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- wherein

Circle with centre and radius .

Equation of tangent -

- wherein

Tangent to circle at

Let any point on circle be

[Link] tangent

Let mid-point of is

or

Find the equation of tangent on Circle at point

(93123)
A
B
C
D None of these

Equation of Tangent of Circle in Parametric Form -

Equation of Tangent of Circle in Parametric Form

The equation of the tangent at the point to a circle is .

44/110) Concept title Equation of the Normal to a Circle (90836)

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Equation of the Normal to a Circle

If a line is perpendicular to the point of contact to the tangent is called a normal

Point Form:

The equation of the Normal at the point P(x1,y1)to a circle

is

Text

As we know that the normal always passes through the centre C(-g, -f) of a circle.

Thus, the equation of the normal at point P to the circle

Parametric Form:

In slope form, the equation of a normal to the circle is y = mx, where

m = tan ?
Description
Video
Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Coordinate Geometry - Page no: 4.24, Line No: 42, Para:

topic "Normal to circel"

Book
Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 271, Line No: 1, Para:

Normal to a Circle at a Given point

Question Find the equation of the normal to the circle at

(93124)
A
B
C
D

Equation of the Normal to a Circle -

Equation of the Normal to a Circle

If a line is perpendicular to the point of contact to the tangent is called a normal

Point Form:

The equation of the Normal at the point P(x1,y1)to a circle

is

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Equation of normal at the point with parameter on the Circle is ?

(93125)
A
B
C y=x
D None of these

Equation of the Normal to a Circle -

Equation of the Normal to a Circle

Parametric Form:

In slope form, the equation of a normal to the circle is y = mx, where

m = tan ?

If the area of the triangle formed by the x-axis, the normal and the tangent to the circle at the point is A, then 24 A
is equal to _______.

(117002)
A 1225
B 1255
C 1125
D 1555

Equation of normal

and equation of tangents

Let the normals at all the points on a given curve pass through a fixed point (a,b). If the curve passes through (3,-3) and and given that
, then is equal to ________

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(117234)
A 9
B 10
C 5
D 7

All normals of a circle pass through center Radius = CA = CB

Let the lines be normal to a circle C. if the line is tangent to the circle C,
then its radius is:

(117069)

Let

The line is a tangent to the circle at the point and the centre of the circle lies on Then the radius of the circle is :

(120416)
A
B
C
D

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Slope of tangent is m1 = 2

Hence slope of normal from point A(2,5) to the centre of circle is

Tangent is perpendicuar to the normal

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