Basic Geo-processing Operations
GIS and SedNet Training
Phil- WAVES
Verna Duque-Lacanlale and Arnan Arraza
21 April 2015
Outline of presentation
1. Learning Outcomes
2. ArcGIS and Data formats
3. Geo-processing and some of its most impt. tools
4. Summary
Leaning outcome:
1. Familiarize in the data formats in GIS
2. Define Geo-processing
3. Familiarize the geo-processing tools needed in the
GIS operations
4. Be able to perform geo-processing
ArcGIS
Geographical information
Geographical Information
System
Software
ArcGIS
Geo-processing tools
ArcGIS
§ is a geographic information system (GIS) for working
with maps and geographic information
§ It is used for
● creating and using maps
● compiling geographic data
● analyzing mapped information
● sharing and discovering geographic information
● using maps and geographic information in a range
of applications
● and managing geographic information in a
database.
Data Formats
Raster Data
● a raster consists of a matrix of cells (or pixels)
organized into rows and columns (or a grid) where
each cell contains a value representing information,
such as temperature.
● Rasters are digital aerial photographs, imagery
from satellites, digital pictures, or even scanned
maps.
Vector data
● Points (x, y) coordinates
● Lines (x1,y1 to x2, y2)
● Polygons - area or surface
Geo-processing
Geo-processing
● a GIS operation used to manipulate spatial data.
● Sole purpose is to automate GIS tasks (mundane
and redundant operations)
Input Geoprocessing New
dataset tools dataset
● Geoprocessing allows for definition, management,
and analysis of information used to form decisions
Geo-processing tools
Nouns VERBS Nouns
Input Geoprocessing New
dataset tools dataset
Important geo-processing tools:
§ Project
§ clipping/masking
§ -intersecting
§ -buffering
§ Attribute table
operation
§ -data manipulations
§ -calculations
§ -import/export
ArcToolbox
… Important geo-processing tools:
Project (Data Management)
● Projects spatial data from one coordinate system to
another.
● This allows you to specify the data's coordinate
system without having to modify the input data
Define Projection (Data Management)
● permanently overwrites the coordinate system
information (map projection and datum) stored
with a dataset
… Important geo-processing tools:
Clip (Analysis)
● Extracts input features that overlay the clip features
● Use this tool to cut out a piece of one feature class
using one or more of the features in another
feature class as a cookie cutter
… Important geo-processing tools:
Clip (Data Management)
● Creates a spatial subset of a raster, including a
raster dataset, mosaic dataset, or image service
layer.
● This tool allows you to extract a portion of a raster
dataset based on a template extent
… Important geo-processing tools:
Extract by Mask (Spatial Analyst)
● Extracts the cells of a raster that correspond to the
areas defined by a mask.
● Raster to raster data format
… Important geo-processing tools:
Intersect (Analysis)
● computes a geometric intersection of the input
features. Features or portions of features which
overlap in all layers and/or feature classes will be
written to the output feature class.
… Important geo-processing tools:
Buffer (Analysis)
● Creates buffer polygons around input features to a
specified distance.
● Need same coordinate system
… Important geo-processing tools:
Attribute table
● A database or tabular file containing information
about a set of geographic features, usually
arranged so that each row represents a feature and
each column represents one feature attribute
… Important geo-processing tools:
Raster Calculator (Spatial Analyst)
● Builds and executes a single Map Algebra
expression using Python syntax in a calculator-like
interface.
… Important geo-processing tools:
Math Toolsets (Spatial Analyst)
● The Math toolset contains tools that perform
mathematical operations on rasters
Times (Spatial Analyst)
● Multiplies the values of two rasters on a cell-by-cell basis
Divide (Spatial Analyst)
● Divides the values of two rasters on a cell-by-cell basis
… Important geo-processing tools:
Importing maps and Exporting maps is best shown on the
hands-on training
When in doubt???
Use the arcCatalog Search button!!!
Summary
§ ArcGIS is an example of geo-information system under
softwares
§ rasters and vectors are the simplest data formats in GIS
§ Geo-processing is important to manipulate spatial data
§ Geo-processing tool automates mundane operations in
GIS
Questions????